feat: show apps with no open window (closes #397)

resources/l10n/Localizable.strings

@@ -130,6 +130,9 @@
 /* No comment provided by engineer. */
 "Hide app badges:" = "Hide app badges:";
 
+/* No comment provided by engineer. */
+"Hide apps with no open window:" = "Hide apps with no open window:";
+
 /* No comment provided by engineer. */
 "Hide colored circles on mouse hover:" = "Hide colored circles on mouse hover:";
 

resources/l10n/en.lproj/Localizable.strings

@@ -131,6 +131,9 @@
 /*No comment provided by engineer.*/
 "Hide app badges:" = "Hide app badges:";
 
+/*No comment provided by engineer.*/
+"Hide apps with no open window:" = "Hide apps with no open window:";
+
 /*No comment provided by engineer.*/
 "Hide colored circles on mouse hover:" = "Hide colored circles on mouse hover:";
 

scripts/subset_font.sh

@@ -4,4 +4,4 @@ set -exu
 
 "$(pipenv --venv)"/bin/pyftsubset resources/SF-Pro-Text-Regular-Full.otf \
   --output-file=resources/SF-Pro-Text-Regular.otf \
-  --text="􀀁􀁎􀁌􀕧􀀸􀀺􀀼􀀾􀁀􀁂􀁄􀑱􀁆􀁈􀁊􀑳􀓵􀓶􀓷􀓸􀓹􀓺􀓻􀓼􀓽􀓾􀓿􀔀􀔁􀔂􀔃􀔄􀔅􀔆􀔇􀔈􀔉􀕬􀀹􀀻􀀽􀀿􀁁􀘘􀁃􀁅􀑲􀁇􀁉􀁋􀑴􀔔􀔕􀔖􀔗􀔘􀔙􀔚􀔛􀔜􀔝􀔞􀔟􀔠􀔡􀔢􀔣􀔤􀔥􀔦􀔧􀔨􀕭"
+  --text="􀥃􀀁􀁎􀁌􀕧􀀸􀀺􀀼􀀾􀁀􀁂􀁄􀑱􀁆􀁈􀁊􀑳􀓵􀓶􀓷􀓸􀓹􀓺􀓻􀓼􀓽􀓾􀓿􀔀􀔁􀔂􀔃􀔄􀔅􀔆􀔇􀔈􀔉􀕬􀀹􀀻􀀽􀀿􀁁􀘘􀁃􀁅􀑲􀁇􀁉􀁋􀑴􀔔􀔕􀔖􀔗􀔘􀔙􀔚􀔛􀔜􀔝􀔞􀔟􀔠􀔡􀔢􀔣􀔤􀔥􀔦􀔧􀔨􀕭"

src/logic/Application.swift

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ class Application: NSObject {
     var isHidden: Bool!
     var icon: NSImage?
     var dockLabel: String?
+    var pid: pid_t { runningApplication.processIdentifier }
 
     static func notifications(_ app: NSRunningApplication) -> [String] {
         var n = [
@@ -36,8 +37,17 @@ class Application: NSObject {
         icon = runningApplication.icon
         addAndObserveWindows()
         kvObservers = [
-            runningApplication.observe(\.isFinishedLaunching, options: [.new]) { [weak self] _, _ in self?.addAndObserveWindows() },
-            runningApplication.observe(\.activationPolicy, options: [.new]) { [weak self] _, _ in self?.addAndObserveWindows() },
+            runningApplication.observe(\.isFinishedLaunching, options: [.new]) { [weak self] _, _ in
+                guard let self = self else { return }
+                self.addAndObserveWindows()
+            },
+            runningApplication.observe(\.activationPolicy, options: [.new]) { [weak self] _, _ in
+                guard let self = self else { return }
+                if self.runningApplication.activationPolicy != .regular {
+                    self.removeWindowslessAppWindow()
+                }
+                self.addAndObserveWindows()
+            },
         ]
     }
 
@@ -45,8 +55,15 @@ class Application: NSObject {
         debugPrint("Deinit app", runningApplication.bundleIdentifier ?? runningApplication.bundleURL ?? "nil")
     }
 
+    func removeWindowslessAppWindow() {
+        if let windowlessAppWindow = Windows.list.firstIndex { $0.isWindowlessApp == true && $0.application.pid == pid } {
+            Windows.list.remove(at: windowlessAppWindow)
+            App.app.refreshOpenUi()
+        }
+    }
+
     func addAndObserveWindows() {
-        if runningApplication.isFinishedLaunching && runningApplication.activationPolicy != .prohibited {
+        if runningApplication.isFinishedLaunching && runningApplication.activationPolicy != .prohibited && axUiElement == nil {
             axUiElement = AXUIElementCreateApplication(runningApplication.processIdentifier)
             AXObserverCreate(runningApplication.processIdentifier, axObserverCallback, &axObserver)
             debugPrint("Adding app", runningApplication.processIdentifier, runningApplication.bundleIdentifier ?? "nil")
@@ -75,6 +92,14 @@ class Application: NSObject {
                     DispatchQueue.main.async { [weak self] in
                         guard let self = self else { return }
                         self.addWindows(windows)
+                        self.addWindowslessAppsIfNeeded()
+                        App.app.refreshOpenUi()
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    DispatchQueue.main.async { [weak self] in
+                        guard let self = self else { return }
+                        self.addWindowslessAppsIfNeeded()
+                        App.app.refreshOpenUi()
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -92,7 +117,15 @@ class Application: NSObject {
         if App.app.appIsBeingUsed {
             Windows.cycleFocusedWindowIndex(windows.count)
         }
-        App.app.refreshOpenUi(windows)
+    }
+
+    func addWindowslessAppsIfNeeded() {
+        if !Preferences.hideWindowlessApps &&
+               runningApplication.activationPolicy == .regular &&
+               !runningApplication.isTerminated &&
+               (Windows.list.firstIndex { $0.application.pid == pid }) == nil {
+            Windows.list.insertAndScaleRecycledPool(Window(self), at: Windows.list.count)
+        }
     }
 
     private func observeEvents() {

src/logic/Applications.swift

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ class Applications {
             guard app.runningApplication.isFinishedLaunching else { continue }
             app.observeNewWindows(group)
         }
-        _ = group.wait(wallTimeout: .now() + .seconds(1))
+        _ = group.wait(wallTimeout: .now() + .seconds(2))
     }
 
     static func initialDiscovery() {
@@ -49,13 +49,13 @@ class Applications {
     static func removeRunningApplications(_ runningApps: [NSRunningApplication]) {
         var windowsOnTheLeftOfFocusedWindow = 0
         for runningApp in runningApps {
-            Applications.list.removeAll(where: { $0.runningApplication.isEqual(runningApp) })
+            Applications.list.removeAll(where: { $0.pid == runningApp.processIdentifier })
             Windows.list.enumerated().forEach { (index, window) in
-                if window.application.runningApplication.isEqual(runningApp) && index < Windows.focusedWindowIndex {
+                if window.application.pid == runningApp.processIdentifier && index < Windows.focusedWindowIndex {
                     windowsOnTheLeftOfFocusedWindow += 1
                 }
             }
-            Windows.list.removeAll(where: { $0.application.runningApplication.isEqual(runningApp) })
+            Windows.list.removeAll(where: { $0.application.pid == runningApp.processIdentifier })
         }
         guard Windows.list.count > 0 else { App.app.hideUi(); return }
         if windowsOnTheLeftOfFocusedWindow > 0 {
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ class Applications {
     static func refreshBadges() {
         let group = DispatchGroup()
         retryAxCallUntilTimeout(group) {
-            if let dockPid = (Applications.list.first { $0.runningApplication.bundleIdentifier == "com.apple.dock" }?.runningApplication.processIdentifier),
+            if let dockPid = (Applications.list.first { $0.runningApplication.bundleIdentifier == "com.apple.dock" }?.pid),
                let axList = (try AXUIElementCreateApplication(dockPid).children()?.first { try $0.role() == "AXList" }),
                let axAppDockItem = (try axList.children()?.filter { try $0.subrole() == "AXApplicationDockItem" && ($0.appIsRunning() ?? false) }) {
                 try Applications.list.forEach { app in

src/logic/Preferences.swift

@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@ class Preferences {
         "maxCellsPerRow": defaultsDependingOnScreenRatio_["maxCellsPerRow"]!,
         "shortcutStyle": "0",
         "hideAppBadges": "false",
+        "hideWindowlessApps": "false",
     ]
 
     // constant values
@@ -98,6 +99,7 @@ class Preferences {
     static var hideSpaceNumberLabels: Bool { defaults.bool("hideSpaceNumberLabels") }
     static var hideStatusIcons: Bool { defaults.bool("hideStatusIcons") }
     static var hideAppBadges: Bool { defaults.bool("hideAppBadges") }
+    static var hideWindowlessApps: Bool { defaults.bool("hideWindowlessApps") }
     static var startAtLogin: Bool { defaults.bool("startAtLogin") }
     static var dontShowBlacklist: [String] { blacklistStringToArray(defaults.string("dontShowBlacklist")) }
     static var disableShortcutsBlacklist: [String] { blacklistStringToArray(defaults.string("disableShortcutsBlacklist")) }

src/logic/Window.swift

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import Cocoa
 
 class Window {
-    var cgWindowId: CGWindowID
+    var cgWindowId = CGWindowID.max
     var title: String!
     var thumbnail: NSImage?
     var thumbnailFullSize: NSSize?
@@ -10,13 +10,14 @@ class Window {
     var isTabbed: Bool = false
     var isHidden: Bool { get { application.isHidden } }
     var dockLabel: Int? { get { application.dockLabel.flatMap { Int($0) } } }
-    var isFullscreen: Bool
-    var isMinimized: Bool
-    var isOnAllSpaces: Bool
+    var isFullscreen = false
+    var isMinimized = false
+    var isOnAllSpaces = false
+    var isWindowlessApp = false
     var position: CGPoint?
-    var spaceId: CGSSpaceID
-    var spaceIndex: SpaceIndex
-    var axUiElement: AXUIElement
+    var spaceId = CGSSpaceID.max
+    var spaceIndex = SpaceIndex.max
+    var axUiElement: AXUIElement!
     var application: Application
     var axObserver: AXObserver?
     var row: Int?
@@ -43,17 +44,27 @@ class Window {
         self.position = position
         self.title = bestEffortTitle(axTitle)
         self.isTabbed = false
-        refreshThumbnail()
+        if !Preferences.hideThumbnails {
+            refreshThumbnail()
+        }
+        application.removeWindowslessAppWindow()
         debugPrint("Adding window", cgWindowId, title ?? "nil", application.runningApplication.bundleIdentifier ?? "nil")
         observeEvents()
     }
 
+    init(_ application: Application) {
+        isWindowlessApp = true
+        self.application = application
+        self.title = application.runningApplication.localizedName
+        debugPrint("Adding app-window", title ?? "nil", application.runningApplication.bundleIdentifier ?? "nil")
+    }
+
     deinit {
         debugPrint("Deinit window", title ?? "nil", application.runningApplication.bundleIdentifier ?? "nil")
     }
 
     private func observeEvents() {
-        AXObserverCreate(application.runningApplication.processIdentifier, axObserverCallback, &axObserver)
+        AXObserverCreate(application.pid, axObserverCallback, &axObserver)
         guard let axObserver = axObserver else { return }
         for notification in Window.notifications {
             retryAxCallUntilTimeout { [weak self] in
@@ -84,6 +95,7 @@ class Window {
     }
 
     func close() {
+        if isWindowlessApp { return }
         BackgroundWork.accessibilityCommandsQueue.asyncWithCap { [weak self] in
             guard let self = self else { return }
             if self.isFullscreen {
@@ -96,6 +108,7 @@ class Window {
     }
 
     func minDemin() {
+        if isWindowlessApp { return }
         BackgroundWork.accessibilityCommandsQueue.asyncWithCap { [weak self] in
             guard let self = self else { return }
             if self.isFullscreen {
@@ -112,6 +125,7 @@ class Window {
     }
 
     func toggleFullscreen() {
+        if isWindowlessApp { return }
         BackgroundWork.accessibilityCommandsQueue.asyncWithCap { [weak self] in
             guard let self = self else { return }
             self.axUiElement.setAttribute(kAXFullscreenAttribute, !self.isFullscreen)
@@ -140,6 +154,12 @@ class Window {
     func focus() {
         if application.runningApplication.processIdentifier == ProcessInfo.processInfo.processIdentifier {
             App.app.showSecondaryWindow(App.app.window(withWindowNumber: Int(cgWindowId)))
+        } else if isWindowlessApp {
+            if let bundleID = application.runningApplication.bundleIdentifier {
+                NSWorkspace.shared.launchApplication(withBundleIdentifier: bundleID, additionalEventParamDescriptor: nil, launchIdentifier: nil)
+            } else {
+                application.runningApplication.activate(options: .activateIgnoringOtherApps)
+            }
         } else {
             // macOS bug: when switching to a System Preferences window in another space, it switches to that space,
             // but quickly switches back to another window in that space
@@ -190,3 +210,4 @@ class Window {
         return application.runningApplication.localizedName ?? ""
     }
 }
+

src/logic/Windows.swift

@@ -122,14 +122,16 @@ class Windows {
 
     static func refreshIfWindowShouldBeShownToTheUser(_ window: Window, _ screen: NSScreen) {
         window.shouldShowTheUser =
-            !(!Preferences.showFullscreenWindows[App.app.shortcutIndex] && window.isFullscreen) &&
-            !(!Preferences.showMinimizedWindows[App.app.shortcutIndex] && window.isMinimized) &&
-            !(!Preferences.showHiddenWindows[App.app.shortcutIndex] && window.isHidden) &&
+            !(window.application.runningApplication.bundleIdentifier.flatMap { Preferences.dontShowBlacklist.contains($0) } ?? false) &&
             !(Preferences.appsToShow[App.app.shortcutIndex] == .active && window.application.runningApplication != NSWorkspace.shared.frontmostApplication) &&
-            !(Preferences.spacesToShow[App.app.shortcutIndex] == .active && window.spaceId != Spaces.currentSpaceId) &&
-            !(Preferences.screensToShow[App.app.shortcutIndex] == .showingAltTab && !isOnScreen(window, screen)) &&
-            (Preferences.showTabsAsWindows || !window.isTabbed) &&
-            !(window.application.runningApplication.bundleIdentifier.flatMap { Preferences.dontShowBlacklist.contains($0) } ?? false)
+            !(!Preferences.showHiddenWindows[App.app.shortcutIndex] && window.isHidden) &&
+            ((!Preferences.hideWindowlessApps && window.isWindowlessApp) ||
+                !window.isWindowlessApp &&
+                !(!Preferences.showFullscreenWindows[App.app.shortcutIndex] && window.isFullscreen) &&
+                !(!Preferences.showMinimizedWindows[App.app.shortcutIndex] && window.isMinimized) &&
+                !(Preferences.spacesToShow[App.app.shortcutIndex] == .active && window.spaceId != Spaces.currentSpaceId) &&
+                !(Preferences.screensToShow[App.app.shortcutIndex] == .showingAltTab && !isOnScreen(window, screen)) &&
+                (Preferences.showTabsAsWindows || !window.isTabbed))
     }
 
     static func isOnScreen(_ window: Window, _ screen: NSScreen) -> Bool {

src/logic/events/AccessibilityEvents.swift

@@ -28,10 +28,10 @@ func retryAxCallUntilTimeout_(_ group: DispatchGroup?, _ fn: @escaping () throws
 }
 
 func handleEvent(_ type: String, _ element: AXUIElement) throws {
-    debugPrint("Accessibility event", type, try element.title() ?? "nil")
+    debugPrint("Accessibility event", type, type != kAXFocusedUIElementChangedNotification ? (try element.title() ?? "nil") : "nil")
     // events are handled concurrently, thus we check that the app is still running
     if let pid = try element.pid(),
-       try (!(pid == ProcessInfo.processInfo.processIdentifier && element.subrole() == "AXUnknown")) {
+       try (!(type == kAXWindowCreatedNotification && pid == ProcessInfo.processInfo.processIdentifier && element.subrole() == "AXUnknown")) {
         switch type {
             case kAXApplicationActivatedNotification: try applicationActivated(element)
             case kAXApplicationHiddenNotification,
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ private func focusedUiElementChanged(_ element: AXUIElement, _ pid: pid_t) throw
         DispatchQueue.main.async {
             let windows = Windows.list.filter { w in
                 // for AXUIElement of apps, CFEqual or == don't work; looks like a Cocoa bug
-                let isFromApp = w.application.runningApplication.processIdentifier == pid
+                let isFromApp = w.application.pid == pid
                 if isFromApp {
                     // this event is the only opportunity we have to check if a window became a tab, or a tab became a window
                     let oldIsTabbed = w.isTabbed
@@ -87,12 +87,12 @@ private func applicationActivated(_ element: AXUIElement) throws {
 
 private func applicationHiddenOrShown(_ element: AXUIElement, _ pid: pid_t, _ type: String) throws {
     DispatchQueue.main.async {
-        if let app = (Applications.list.first { $0.runningApplication.processIdentifier == pid }) {
+        if let app = (Applications.list.first { $0.pid == pid }) {
             app.isHidden = type == kAXApplicationHiddenNotification
         }
         let windows = Windows.list.filter {
             // for AXUIElement of apps, CFEqual or == don't work; looks like a Cocoa bug
-            return $0.application.runningApplication.processIdentifier == pid
+            return $0.application.pid == pid
         }
         App.app.refreshOpenUi(windows)
     }
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ private func windowCreated(_ element: AXUIElement, _ pid: pid_t) throws {
             if Windows.list.firstIndexThatMatches(element, wid) == nil,
                let runningApp = NSRunningApplication(processIdentifier: pid),
                element.isActualWindow(runningApp, wid, isOnNormalLevel, axTitle, subrole, role),
-               let app = (Applications.list.first { $0.runningApplication.processIdentifier == pid }) {
+               let app = (Applications.list.first { $0.pid == pid }) {
                 let window = Window(element, app, wid, axTitle, isFullscreen, isMinimized, position)
                 Windows.list.insertAndScaleRecycledPool(window, at: 0)
                 Windows.cycleFocusedWindowIndex(1)
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ private func focusedWindowChanged(_ element: AXUIElement, _ pid: pid_t) throws {
                 }
             } else if let runningApp = NSRunningApplication(processIdentifier: pid),
                       element.isActualWindow(runningApp, wid, isOnNormalLevel, axTitle, subrole, role),
-                      let app = (Applications.list.first { $0.runningApplication.processIdentifier == pid }) {
+                      let app = (Applications.list.first { $0.pid == pid }) {
                 Windows.list.insertAndScaleRecycledPool(Window(element, app, wid, axTitle, isFullscreen, isMinimized, position), at: 0)
                 App.app.refreshOpenUi([Windows.list[0]])
             }
@@ -152,7 +152,9 @@ private func windowDestroyed(_ element: AXUIElement) throws {
     let wid = try element.cgWindowId()
     DispatchQueue.main.async {
         guard let existingIndex = Windows.list.firstIndexThatMatches(element, wid) else { return }
+        let window = Windows.list[existingIndex]
         Windows.list.remove(at: existingIndex)
+        window.application.addWindowslessAppsIfNeeded()
         guard Windows.list.count > 0 else { App.app.hideUi(); return }
         Windows.moveFocusedWindowIndexAfterWindowDestroyedInBackground(existingIndex)
         App.app.refreshOpenUi()

src/ui/main-window/ThumbnailFontIconView.swift

@@ -11,6 +11,17 @@ enum Symbols: String {
     case filledCircled = "􀀁"
     case filledCircledNumber0 = "􀀹"
     case filledCircledNumber10 = "􀔔"
+    case newWindow = "􀥃"
+}
+
+class FontIcon: BaseLabel {
+    convenience init(_ symbol: Symbols, _ color: NSColor = .white) {
+        self.init(symbol.rawValue)
+        font = NSFont(name: "SF Pro Text", size: Preferences.fontHeight)!
+        textColor = color
+        alignment = .center
+        shadow = ThumbnailView.makeShadow(.darkGray)
+    }
 }
 
 // Font icon using SF Symbols from the SF Pro font from Apple

src/ui/main-window/ThumbnailView.swift

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ class ThumbnailView: NSStackView {
     var isHighlighted = false
     var shouldShowWindowControls = false
     var isShowingWindowControls = false
+    var windowlessIcon = FontIcon(.newWindow)
 
     convenience init() {
         self.init(frame: .zero)
@@ -44,6 +45,7 @@ class ThumbnailView: NSStackView {
         setViews([hStackView, thumbnail], in: .leading)
         addWindowControls()
         addDockLabelIcon()
+        thumbnail.addSubview(windowlessIcon, positioned: .above, relativeTo: nil)
     }
 
     private func addDockLabelIcon() {
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ class ThumbnailView: NSStackView {
         if let shouldShowWindowControls = shouldShowWindowControls_ {
             self.shouldShowWindowControls = shouldShowWindowControls
         }
-        let shouldShow = shouldShowWindowControls && isHighlighted && !Preferences.hideColoredCircles
+        let shouldShow = shouldShowWindowControls && isHighlighted && !Preferences.hideColoredCircles && !window_!.isWindowlessApp
         if isShowingWindowControls != shouldShow {
             isShowingWindowControls = shouldShow
             [closeIcon, minimizeIcon, maximizeIcon].forEach { $0.isHidden = !shouldShow }
@@ -144,7 +146,18 @@ class ThumbnailView: NSStackView {
         assignIfDifferent(&frame.size.height, newHeight)
         let fontIconWidth = CGFloat([fullscreenIcon, minimizedIcon, hiddenIcon, spaceIcon].filter { !$0.isHidden }.count) * (Preferences.fontIconSize + Preferences.intraCellPadding)
         assignIfDifferent(&label.textContainer!.size.width, frame.width - Preferences.iconSize - Preferences.intraCellPadding * 3 - fontIconWidth)
-        assignIfDifferent(&subviews.first!.frame.size, frame.size)
+        assignIfDifferent(&windowlessIcon.isHidden, !element.isWindowlessApp)
+        if element.isWindowlessApp {
+            let maxWidth = (ThumbnailView.widthMin(screen) - Preferences.intraCellPadding * 2).rounded()
+            let maxHeight = ((ThumbnailView.height(screen) - hStackView.fittingSize.height) - Preferences.intraCellPadding * 2).rounded()
+            // heuristic to determine font size based on bounding box
+            let fontSize = (min(maxWidth, maxHeight) * 0.6).rounded()
+            // 1.25 is a heuristic to fit the SF Symbol into the bounding box
+            windowlessIcon.frame.size = CGSize(width: maxWidth, height: (fontSize * 1.25).rounded())
+            windowlessIcon.font = NSFont(name: windowlessIcon.font!.fontName, size: fontSize)
+            // 2.5 is a heuristic to have a _perceived_ vertical alignment on this particular icon
+            windowlessIcon.frame.origin = CGPoint(x: (-maxWidth / 2).rounded(), y: (-maxHeight / 2 - windowlessIcon.frame.size.height / 2.5).rounded())
+        }
         self.mouseUpCallback = { () -> Void in App.app.focusSelectedWindow(element) }
         self.mouseMovedCallback = { () -> Void in Windows.updateFocusedWindowIndex(index) }
         // force a display to avoid flickering; see https://github.com/lwouis/alt-tab-macos/issues/197

src/ui/preferences-window/tabs/AppearanceTab.swift

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ class AppearanceTab {
             LabelAndControl.makeLabelWithCheckbox(NSLocalizedString("Show standard tabs as windows:", comment: ""), "showTabsAsWindows"),
             LabelAndControl.makeLabelWithCheckbox(NSLocalizedString("Hide colored circles on mouse hover:", comment: ""), "hideColoredCircles"),
             LabelAndControl.makeLabelWithCheckbox(NSLocalizedString("Hide app badges:", comment: ""), "hideAppBadges"),
+            LabelAndControl.makeLabelWithCheckbox(NSLocalizedString("Hide apps with no open window:", comment: ""), "hideWindowlessApps"),
         ])
         grid.column(at: 0).xPlacement = .trailing
         grid.rowAlignment = .lastBaseline