feat: support showing applications or windows

src/logic/Application.swift

@@ -43,6 +43,25 @@ class Application: NSObject {
         debugPrint("Deinit app", runningApplication.bundleIdentifier ?? runningApplication.bundleURL ?? "nil")
     }
 
+    override var description: String {
+        let s = """
+                Application(kvObservers: \(kvObservers)
+                , runningApplication.bundleIdentifier: \(runningApplication.bundleIdentifier)
+                , runningApplication.title: \(runningApplication.localizedName)
+                , runningApplication.isActive: \(runningApplication.isActive)
+                , axUiElement: \(axUiElement)
+                , axObserver: \(axObserver)
+                , isReallyFinishedLaunching: \(isReallyFinishedLaunching)
+                , isHidden: \(isHidden)
+                , hasBeenActiveOnce: \(hasBeenActiveOnce)
+                , dockLabel: \(dockLabel)
+                , pid: \(pid)
+                , focusedWindow.cgWindowId: \(focusedWindow?.cgWindowId)
+                , alreadyRequestedToQuit: \(alreadyRequestedToQuit))
+                """
+        return s.replacingOccurrences(of: "\n", with: "").replacingOccurrences(of: "  ", with: " ")
+    }
+
     func removeWindowslessAppWindow() {
         if let windowlessAppWindow = (Windows.list.firstIndex { $0.isWindowlessApp == true && $0.application.pid == pid }) {
             Windows.list.remove(at: windowlessAppWindow)

src/logic/Preferences.swift

@@ -751,24 +751,24 @@ enum TitleTruncationPreference: String, CaseIterable, MacroPreference {
 }
 
 enum ShowAppsWindowsPreference: String, CaseIterable, MacroPreference {
-    case apps = "0"
+    case applications = "0"
     case windows = "1"
 
     var localizedString: LocalizedString {
         switch self {
-            case .apps: return NSLocalizedString("Apps", comment: "")
+            case .applications: return NSLocalizedString("Applications", comment: "")
             case .windows: return NSLocalizedString("Windows", comment: "")
         }
     }
 }
 
 enum ShowAppNamesWindowTitlesPreference: String, CaseIterable, MacroPreference {
-    case appNames = "0"
+    case applicationNames = "0"
     case windowTitles = "1"
 
     var localizedString: LocalizedString {
         switch self {
-            case .appNames: return NSLocalizedString("App Names", comment: "")
+            case .applicationNames: return NSLocalizedString("Application Names", comment: "")
             case .windowTitles: return NSLocalizedString("Window Titles", comment: "")
         }
     }

src/logic/Window.swift

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import Cocoa
 
-class Window {
+class Window: CustomStringConvertible {
     static var globalCreationCounter = Int.zero
     var cgWindowId: CGWindowID?
     var lastFocusOrder = Int.zero
@@ -71,6 +71,31 @@ class Window {
         debugPrint("Deinit window", title ?? "nil", application.runningApplication.bundleIdentifier ?? "nil")
     }
 
+    var description: String {
+        let s = """
+                Window(cgWindowId: \(cgWindowId)
+                , title: \(title)
+                , thumbnailFullSize: \(thumbnailFullSize)
+                , shouldShowTheUser: \(shouldShowTheUser)
+                , isTabbed: \(isTabbed)
+                , isFullscreen: \(isFullscreen)
+                , isMinimized: \(isMinimized)
+                , isOnAllSpaces: \(isOnAllSpaces)
+                , isWindowlessApp: \(isWindowlessApp)
+                , position: \(position)
+                , size: \(size)
+                , spaceId: \(spaceId)
+                , spaceIndex: \(spaceIndex)
+                , axUiElement: \(axUiElement)
+                , application: \(application)
+                , axObserver: \(axObserver)
+                , row: \(row)
+                , lastFocusOrder: \(lastFocusOrder)
+                , creationOrder: \(creationOrder))
+                """
+        return s.replacingOccurrences(of: "\n", with: "").replacingOccurrences(of: "  ", with: " ")
+    }
+
     /// some apps will not trigger AXApplicationActivated, where we usually update application.focusedWindow
     /// workaround: we check and possibly do it here
     func checkIfFocused(_ application: Application, _ wid: CGWindowID) {
@@ -278,5 +303,25 @@ class Window {
         //       window-group, instead of picking the focused one
         return isTabbed ? application.focusedWindow : self
     }
-}
 
+    // Determines if this window is the main application window
+    func isAppMainWindow() -> Bool {
+        if let element = application.axUiElement {
+            var mainWindow: AnyObject?
+            if AXUIElementCopyAttributeValue(element, kAXMainWindowAttribute as CFString, &mainWindow) == .success {
+                if let mainWin = mainWindow as! AXUIElement? {
+                    do {
+                        let w1 = try mainWin.cgWindowId()
+                        let w2 = try self.axUiElement.cgWindowId()
+                        if w1 == w2 {
+                            return true
+                        }
+                    } catch {
+                        return false
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return false
+    }
+}

src/logic/Windows.swift

@@ -295,6 +295,20 @@ class Windows {
         Windows.list.forEach { (window: Window) in
             refreshIfWindowShouldBeShownToTheUser(window, screen)
         }
+
+        if (Preferences.showAppsWindows == .applications && Preferences.appearanceModel != .thumbnails) {
+            // Group windows by application and select the optimal main window
+            let windowsGroupedByApp = Dictionary(grouping: Windows.list) { $0.application.pid }
+            windowsGroupedByApp.forEach { (app, windows) in
+                if windows.count > 1, let mainWindow = selectMainWindow(from: windows) {
+                    windows.forEach { window in
+                        if window.cgWindowId != mainWindow.cgWindowId {
+                            window.shouldShowTheUser = false
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
     }
 
     static func refreshIfWindowShouldBeShownToTheUser(_ window: Window, _ screen: NSScreen) {
@@ -315,6 +329,35 @@ class Windows {
                 !(Preferences.screensToShow[App.app.shortcutIndex] == .showingAltTab && !window.isOnScreen(screen)) &&
                 (Preferences.showTabsAsWindows || !window.isTabbed))
     }
+
+    /// Selects the most appropriate main window from a given list of windows.
+    ///
+    /// The selection criteria are as follows:
+    /// 1. Prefer the focused window if it exists.
+    /// 2. Prefer the main window of the application if the focused window is not found.
+    ///
+    /// - Parameter windows: An array of `Window` objects to select from.
+    /// - Returns: The most appropriate `Window` object based on the selection criteria, or `nil` if the array is empty.
+    static func selectMainWindow(from windows: [Window]) -> Window? {
+        let sortedWindows = windows.sorted { (window1, window2) -> Bool in
+            // Prefer the focus window
+            if window1.application.focusedWindow?.cgWindowId == window1.cgWindowId {
+                return true
+            } else if window2.application.focusedWindow?.cgWindowId == window2.cgWindowId {
+                return false
+            }
+
+            // Prefer the main window
+            if window1.isAppMainWindow() && !window2.isAppMainWindow() {
+                return true
+            } else if !window1.isAppMainWindow() && window2.isAppMainWindow() {
+                return false
+            }
+            return true
+        }
+
+        return sortedWindows.first
+    }
 }
 
 func sortByAppNameThenWindowTitle(_ w1: Window, _ w2: Window) -> ComparisonResult {

src/ui/preferences-window/tabs/AppearanceTab.swift

@@ -330,11 +330,11 @@ class ModelAdvancedSettingsWindow: NSWindow, NSTabViewDelegate {
                 "alignThumbnails", AlignThumbnailsPreference.allCases)
         titleTruncation = LabelAndControl.makeLabelWithDropdown(NSLocalizedString("Window title truncation:", comment: ""),
                 "titleTruncation", TitleTruncationPreference.allCases)
-        showAppsWindows = LabelAndControl.makeLabelWithDropdown(NSLocalizedString("Show:", comment: ""),
+        showAppsWindows = LabelAndControl.makeLabelWithDropdown(NSLocalizedString("Show running:", comment: ""),
                 "showAppsWindows", ShowAppsWindowsPreference.allCases, extraAction: { _ in
             self.toggleAppNamesWindowTitles()
         })
-        showAppNamesWindowTitles = LabelAndControl.makeLabelWithDropdown(NSLocalizedString("Show:", comment: ""),
+        showAppNamesWindowTitles = LabelAndControl.makeLabelWithDropdown(NSLocalizedString("Show titles:", comment: ""),
                 "showAppNamesWindowTitles", ShowAppNamesWindowTitlesPreference.allCases)
 
         doneButton = NSButton(title: NSLocalizedString("Done", comment: ""), target: self, action: #selector(onClicked(_:)))
@@ -429,6 +429,7 @@ class ModelAdvancedSettingsWindow: NSWindow, NSTabViewDelegate {
 //        view.column(at: 1).width = 150
         view.column(at: 0).xPlacement = .trailing
         view.column(at: 1).xPlacement = .leading
+        toggleAppNamesWindowTitles()
         return view
     }
 
@@ -444,6 +445,7 @@ class ModelAdvancedSettingsWindow: NSWindow, NSTabViewDelegate {
 //        view.column(at: 1).width = 200
         view.column(at: 0).xPlacement = .trailing
         view.column(at: 1).xPlacement = .leading
+        toggleAppNamesWindowTitles()
         return view
     }