Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/feature/compare' into feature/watches

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -6,6 +6,39 @@ Following [Keep a Changelog](https://keepachangelog.com/en/1.1.0/) and [Semantic
 
 ### Added
 
+- Phase e anomaly watches: owner-locked configuration, validated metrics/detector parameters, complete calendar buckets, five pure detectors, and scheduled evaluation through owner sessions.
+- Core alerts SPI type `data.analysis.anomaly` (core disallows the spec's underscore), stable watch keys, relative drill links, raise/recovery transitions, and persisted outcomes without an alerts implementation.
+- Standard streamed ETL Evaluate now / Enable / Disable record actions and firing-first linked watches on the Analyses home.
+- Read-only watch preview HTTP endpoint, semantic chart/baseline annotations, extension 1.3.0 and regenerated OpenAPI fragment.
+- Detector edge cases, real-row owner/security/alert transition tests, calendar boundary and action tests, and HTTP preview coverage.
+
+- Phase d compare, shift, correlation, scatter and crosstab service operations and HTTP specs; extension version 1.2.0 with typed `DataAnalysis*V1` schemas and regenerated OpenAPI.
+- Pure-Java two-proportion, Welch, chi-square/Cramer V, PSI and Pearson statistics, including regularized incomplete beta/gamma and independent SciPy references.
+- Core-pushed numeric moments and batched correlations, sample trend lines, calendar distribution shifts, category pooling, privacy suppression and exact count drills.
+- Shared memory/H2/PostgreSQL relationship contracts, forced core streamed-fallback checks, batching checks and HTTP authorization/serialization/drill tests.
+
+- Phase c pivot backend and `POST /qbit/data-analysis/tables/{table}/pivot`, extension version 1.1.0, typed schemas and regenerated OpenAPI fragment.
+- Row/column dimensions, calendar/numeric buckets, seven measure operators, sparse cells, exact Other recomputation, totals, privacy suppression and count-equivalent drills.
+- Exposed-join dimensions and measures with READ/FULL checks; filter-only drills for to-one paths and explicit null-drill warnings for to-many paths whose joined-row counts can exceed record counts.
+- Configurable field-access resolver, cached reflective core tier bridge with legacy fallback, FULL-only capabilities/selections/labels, generated-drill protection and field-access cache fingerprints.
+- Shared memory/H2/PostgreSQL pivot contracts, HTTP drills and errors, reflective resolver/fallback and tier-change cache tests.
+
+- Session-bound profile, capability, distinct-value, duplicate and run endpoints, typed schemas and a checked OpenAPI fragment (introduced in extension 1.0.0).
+- Core table-feature permission registration and capability-directed aggregate pushdown, with native sampling and portable streamed fallbacks.
+- HTTP authorization, drill-to-core-count round trips, async polling, served OpenAPI and assistant discovery tests; H2 streamed and native-compatibility contract variants.
+
+### Changed
+
+- Boolean pivot/crosstab headers now say Yes / No / (Blank). Pivot measures use human labels such as Count, Average Amount, Sum of Amount, Distinct Email, Median Amount and 90th percentile of Amount.
+- Watch DDL includes owner/date fields and last value/message; existing databases need an owner/date backfill before enabling watches.
+
+- Scalable estimates sample each native aggregate without primary-key IN lists, scale counts using observed sample sizes, retain exact population totals and unscaled ratios, and drill over the full population. Portable estimates use one primary-key boundary and report unscaled prefix counts.
+
+- Target QQQ 4.1.0-RC.6; local verification uses `-Dqqq.snapshot.version=4.1.0-DATAANALYSIS-SNAPSHOT`.
+- Empty-string and temporal drills round-trip through core HTTP filter interpretation.
+
+### Previously added
+
 - Phase b host engine: typed column/table profiles, distinct pages, duplicates, count-equivalent drills, chart data, candidate keys and completeness heatmaps.
 - Internal `AnalysisBackend` port and RC.5 stand-in with aggregate pushdown, bounded query pages, deterministic prefix estimates and honest truncation metadata.
 - Personalized field/table authorization, enforced FK label lookup, runtime configuration overrides and minimum-group-size privacy before caching.

README.md

@@ -4,15 +4,15 @@ Statistical analysis and data dives on any QQQ table, filter or saved view: prof
 
 ## What works now
 
-The host API provides column and table profiles, distinct-value pages, duplicate groups, drill-through filters, effective per-table configuration, privacy suppression, and asynchronous exact runs with a persistent per-user cache. Metadata, six visible tables, owner locks, PostgreSQL DDL generation and the Analyses home are also available.
+The host API provides column and table profiles, pivots, comparisons, distribution shifts, correlations, scatter samples, crosstabs, distinct-value pages, duplicate groups, drill-through filters, privacy suppression, and asynchronous exact profile runs with a persistent per-user cache. Metadata, six visible tables, owner locks, PostgreSQL DDL generation and the Analyses home are also available.
 
-HTTP endpoints require the QQQ RC.6 extension point and are next, along with the Analyze UI. Pivots, comparisons, anomalies, saved-analysis execution, scheduling and exports remain later phases.
+Fourteen HTTP operations are available under `/qqq/v1/qbit/data-analysis`; the Analyze UI is a later phase. Pivot and relationship backends are available. Anomaly watches, their scheduled evaluator and alert transitions are available. Saved-analysis execution, scheduled delivery and exports remain later phases.
 
 ## Requirements
 
-- Java 21; QQQ **4.1.0-RC.5+**.
+- Java 21; QQQ **4.1.0-RC.6+**.
 - A configured QQQ backend for the qbit tables and authenticated sessions with permissions and security keys.
-- The engine works on RC.5 through an internal stand-in. A future `CoreAnalysisBackend` can replace it when the core aggregate extensions ship. HTTP endpoints require the UI API extension point ([qqq#1128](https://github.com/QRun-IO/qqq/pull/1128), RC.6).
+- Core aggregate and table-feature permission APIs ([qqq#1139](https://github.com/QRun-IO/qqq/pull/1139)) and the UI API extension point ([qqq#1128](https://github.com/QRun-IO/qqq/pull/1128)). Middleware Javalin remains optional; the producer registers endpoints only when it is present.
 
 ## Install
 
@@ -47,6 +47,8 @@ QQQ names and physical SQL table names are identical. `backendName` in configura
 
 Only Saved Analyses, Watches, Analysis Settings and Analysis Runs appear in navigation. Schedules, stars and linked watches appear on saved records. Enum PVS cover analysis kind, chart kind, detector, watch state, run status, schedule frequency and format. JSON definitions and results are stored as text. Profile, distinct-value and duplicate requests have typed Java contracts and are validated by the facade.
 
+The four `table_name` fields use core's `tables` possible-value source; an existing host source is preserved. A watch's `saved_id` options are filtered by its selected `table_name`. Analysis Settings' `analyzable_fields` and `excluded_fields` use a custom field picker scoped to the selected table. Core currently has no multi-select PVS field, so these settings use a single PVS with comma-separated TEXT storage (for example, `amount,status`); the configuration resolver continues to parse those lists. Explicit dependency metadata awaits core's `possibleValueSourceDependsOn` support.
+
 ## Permissions
 
 | Permission | Grants |
@@ -58,7 +60,7 @@ Only Saved Analyses, Watches, Analysis Settings and Analysis Runs appear in navi
 | `data_analysis.admin` | The all-access key of the `data_analysis_user` record locks (see Security) |
 | `<effective table permission base>.analyze` | Analyze a source table, also requiring its READ permission |
 
-`DataAnalysisPermissions.analyzePermissionName(table)` honors a custom permission base name and instance defaults. `canAnalyze(table)` is the legacy helper; its READ check follows the instance setting. The engine adds an explicit READ check and always uses `PermissionEnforcement.ENFORCE`, even when the instance default is off. The feature check is a stand-in for core `TableFeaturePermissionsMetaData` (§3.6); hosts must grant these analyze names explicitly until that hook registers them in the catalog. All qbit tables use standard permission rules (no custom checker), so their CRUD permissions appear in the core permission catalog and the qbit-authentik policy editor. Hosts explicitly grant source-table analyze permissions until the core feature hook ships.
+`DataAnalysisPermissions.analyzePermissionName(table)` honors the effective table permission base. `canAnalyze(table)` delegates to core's table-feature permission check. The producer registers `analyze`, labelled **Analyze**, on configured source tables, excluding this qbit's own tables. No CRUD permission implies analyze. Core checks READ as well as the feature grant on protected tables. All analysis queries enforce permissions even when the instance default is off. Qbit CRUD permissions also appear in the core catalog.
 
 ## Security
 
@@ -102,7 +104,7 @@ Cached results are scoped to the authenticated user, normalized request, effecti
 
 All properties have fluent `withX` setters. Global numeric defaults must be non-null and non-negative. Nullable per-table numeric overrides inherit global defaults; configured values must be non-negative. `TableAnalysisDefaults` also supports enabled, analyzable fields and excluded fields. Runtime `data_analysis_table_config` values override per-table code defaults, which override global defaults. Null row values inherit; blank field lists mean all readable fields or no exclusions. Include/exclude table lists remain an outer restriction, even if a runtime row enables the table. Only the config-row lookup uses a temporary system session, restored in `finally`. It selects configuration fields only and is memoized for 60 seconds. Settings editors can call `service.getConfigResolver().invalidate()` for immediate refresh.
 
-`max_rows` bounds the stand-in's selected population and retained records. An exact request disables sampling but still respects this bound and reports `truncated: true` when necessary; increase the limit to obtain a complete larger profile. Zero selects no rows. Above `sample_threshold_rows`, estimates use the first `min(sample_rows, max_rows)` rows ordered by primary key. Counts describe that prefix, are not extrapolated, and carry `estimate`, `sampleRows`, `rowsScanned`, warnings and an `asOf` timestamp. This is deterministic prefix sampling, not a random sample. `cache_ttl_minutes: 0` disables cache reuse.
+`max_rows` bounds the stand-in's selected population and retained records. An exact request disables sampling but still respects this bound and reports `truncated: true` when necessary; increase the limit to obtain a complete larger profile. Zero selects no rows in the stand-in. Above `sample_threshold_rows`, capable backends run each aggregate with `samplePercent = min(100, sample_rows * 100 / total)` on the user's filter. Counts, top values and histograms are scaled by the full population divided by the observed sample count for that call; ratios and descriptive statistics remain in sample units. The `rows` metric always reports the unsampled total for estimates. Other metrics carry `estimate: true` and an `≈ ` formatted prefix. Sampling never materializes a primary-key IN filter. Backends without sampling use one `pk <= boundary` criterion to compute an unscaled first-N prefix estimate. Estimate drills combine the original filter with the metric condition over the full population, so count/drill equivalence applies only to exact results. Warnings distinguish random samples from prefixes; `sampleRows`, `rowsScanned` and `asOf` describe coverage. `cache_ttl_minutes: 0` disables cache reuse.
 
 ## Host API
 
@@ -136,14 +138,101 @@ The `result` package contains Serializable, Jackson-friendly request/result POJO
 
 Count drills combine an untouched copy of the request filter with their producing condition. Cardinality drills select one representative record per distinct non-null value; the privacy guard removes those representative drills. Truncated profiles retain their primary-key boundary in drills, so their counts remain reproducible. Serialized drill getters restore temporal operand types from the current instance metadata before core evaluates them.
 
-## RC.5 stand-in
+## HTTP endpoints
 
-`engine.AnalysisBackend` isolates profilers from missing core operators. `StandInAnalysisBackend` pushes down COUNT, COUNT_DISTINCT, MIN, MAX, AVG, SUM, grouped counts, aggregate ordering and limits through core actions. RC.5 has no aggregate OFFSET, so pages over-fetch through the requested end and slice locally. Memory grouping pagination and scale-sensitive decimal equality have isolated compatibility handling.
+Extension `data-analysis` version **1.3.0**, prefix `/qbit/data-analysis` inside `/qqq/v1`:
+
+| Method | Path after `/qqq/v1` | Body or purpose |
+| --- | --- | --- |
+| GET | `/qbit/data-analysis/tables/{table}/capabilities` | Availability, fields and charts, limits, backend capabilities, SQL Workbench presence |
+| POST | `/qbit/data-analysis/tables/{table}/column-profile` | `{fieldName, filter, exact}` |
+| POST | `/qbit/data-analysis/tables/{table}/distinct-values` | `{fieldName, filter, page, pageSize, search}` |
+| POST | `/qbit/data-analysis/tables/{table}/table-profile` | `{filter, fields}` |
+| POST | `/qbit/data-analysis/tables/{table}/duplicates` | `{fields, filter, limit}`; default limit 50, maximum 500 |
+| POST | `/qbit/data-analysis/tables/{table}/pivot` | `{rows, columns, values, filter, showTotals, limitGroups}`; 1–3 row dimensions, 0–2 column dimensions, 1–6 measures |
+| POST | `/qbit/data-analysis/tables/{table}/compare` | `{filterA, filterB, labelA, labelB, fields}`; null filter selects the whole permitted table |
+| POST | `/qbit/data-analysis/tables/{table}/shift` | `{field, dateField, bucket, filter}`; calendar buckets, top 8 categories or quartiles, first/last complete-bucket PSI |
+| POST | `/qbit/data-analysis/tables/{table}/correlation` | `{fields, filter}`; 2–12 distinct numeric fields, pairwise r and n, scatter request per cell |
+| POST | `/qbit/data-analysis/tables/{table}/scatter` | `{xField, yField, filter, limit}`; default/maximum 2000 points and a sample trend line |
+| POST | `/qbit/data-analysis/tables/{table}/crosstab` | `{rowField, columnField, filter, limit}`; default/maximum 20 categories per axis plus Other |
+| POST | `/qbit/data-analysis/runs` | `{operation: COLUMN_PROFILE or TABLE_PROFILE, tableName, request}` returns `{runId, status}` |
+| GET | `/qbit/data-analysis/runs/{runId}` | Status, timestamps, error, typed `columnProfile` or `tableProfile` |
+| POST | `/qbit/data-analysis/watches/{id}/preview` | No body; complete bucket series, `TIME_SERIES` chart with baseline annotations and detector verdict; no writes or alerts |
+
+Every operation uses the request session through `DataAnalysisService`. Capabilities returns 200 with `canAnalyze: false` and no fields when denied. Other permission denials return 403, bad bodies or unavailable fields return 400, and unknown tables return 404. Core middleware supplies plain messages in its standard `{error: message}` JSON envelope. Run rows remain owner-locked.
+
+Requests and drills reuse core's `QueryFilter` JSON shape and schema reference. Versioned `DataAnalysis...V1` schemas cover profiles, metrics, drills, charts, series, points, field summaries, distinct and duplicate results, capabilities and runs. The [OpenAPI fragment](src/main/resources/openapi/qqq-v1/data-analysis.yaml) is checked against regeneration. The deployed `/qqq/v1/openapi.json` and `UiApiInvoker.listOperations()` include all fourteen operations.
+
+Regenerate deliberately after an API change:
+
+```bash
+./mvnw -o -q test -Dtest=DataAnalysisApiTest#contract -Dopenapi.write=true -Dqqq.snapshot.version=4.1.0-DATAANALYSIS-SNAPSHOT
+```
+
+## Pivot backend and field access
+
+`DataAnalysisService.pivot(PivotRequest)` returns sparse cells indexed into row/column header tuples, aligned totals, typed/formatted metrics, warnings and `asOf`. `COUNT` counts records (including null measure values); other operators require a field. `PERCENTILE` uses continuous interpolation with a fraction from 0 to 1. Calendar buckets use the session timezone. Numeric bins reuse profile nice-edge selection when explicit bounds are omitted; the last interior bin includes its maximum.
+
+The planner first requests count-ordered top-N groups for every dimension (default 50, maximum 200), then dimension counts for privacy/cardinality, one grouped matrix and one aggregate per totals level. Additional aggregates recompute merged Other cells/totals: averages, distinct counts and percentiles cannot safely be combined from displayed cells. Ordinary Other predicates exclude kept values and handle null/empty strings separately. Boolean, temporal and bucketed Other groups use equivalent membership/range predicates for core HTTP compatibility. Cyclic date predicates enumerate observed values through core grouping; memory numeric boundaries reuse the profiles' decimal-scale compatibility helper. Native pivots are exact; bounded core streamed fallback marks partial results as estimates and disables their drills.
+
+`joinTable.field` resolves only through an unambiguous exposed join path. Every table in that path requires READ and the selected field must be FULL; core enforces joins and record locks. The installed data-analysis snapshot does not contain the related-record picker path API, so this implementation uses `getExposedJoins()` and `QueryJoin`. Paths whose every hop is MANY_TO_ONE or ONE_TO_ONE in the analyzed direction support ordinary filter-only drills: core infers the joins from qualified criteria. To-many paths can multiply a base record, so their pivots retain null drills and warn that counts include one row per related table record.
+
+`min_group_size` suppresses rare dimension groups and rare row/column tuples; every measure of a small cell or total is suppressed, including COUNT, with no drill. Totals include the full authorized population. As with existing profiles, separate aggregate calls are not a transactional snapshot.
+
+Hosts can supply `withFieldAnalysisAccessResolver(() -> resolver)`. FULL fields alone appear in capabilities and may be selected. EXACT_MATCH_ONLY and NONE get the same 400 as an unknown field; user-authored filters are passed through for core enforcement. Generated drills using a restricted field (including representative primary keys) are disabled. Related PVS display labels also require FULL access. Exact-run cache identities hash the sorted FULL-field list, the optional core access fingerprint, and related label access.
+
+The default resolver discovers the optional core `fieldaccess.FieldAccessHelper` class and its static methods once. FULL maps to FULL, REVEALABLE to EXACT_MATCH_ONLY, MASKED/HIDDEN to NONE. Without that class, legacy field locks supply FULL/NONE. Replace the reflective calls when the core package ships. Reflection tests use a local stand-in helper rather than shadowing a future real core class at its FQN; the installed snapshot exercises the actual fallback selection. Exact-run persistence continues to support profiles only; pivot results are synchronous.
+
+## Backend selection
+
+`DataAnalysisService` selects `CoreAnalysisBackend` when the source backend advertises aggregate capabilities, including memory. Supported standard deviation, percentiles, null/blank counts, numeric/date buckets and length statistics execute through core aggregates as the current session. Unsupported primitives delegate to `StandInAnalysisBackend`. Patterns and derived length histograms remain streamed; representative distinct drills and cyclic-date membership use bounded scans.
+
+The installed snapshot requires H2 PostgreSQL compatibility mode for native bucket SQL (`GROUP BY` positions).
+
+`engine.AnalysisBackend` isolates profilers from backend-specific operators. `StandInAnalysisBackend` pushes down COUNT, COUNT_DISTINCT, MIN, MAX, AVG, SUM, grouped counts, aggregate ordering and limits through core actions. RC.5 has no aggregate OFFSET, so pages over-fetch through the requested end and slice locally. Memory grouping pagination and scale-sensitive decimal equality have isolated compatibility handling.
 
 Variance, interpolated percentiles, string lengths/shapes, date classification, whitespace detection and representative-row drills use bounded primary-key query pages. Histogram/date membership counts use enforced range/count queries after their boundaries have been calculated. Numeric histograms have 20 interior bins between p1 and p99 plus below/above bins, and the last interior bin is closed. Profiles include Tukey outliers, date gaps, date-time weekday/hour patterns, chart alternatives, a seven-bucket moving average, table completeness and candidate keys (single fields and pairs among the eight most unique).
 
 Data versions use filtered COUNT plus MAX of a readable modification-date-like field, otherwise MAX(primary key). This is the specified inexpensive invalidation heuristic, not snapshot isolation; updates on a table without a modification timestamp can remain cached until TTL expiry. Concurrent writes can also change drill counts after a profile is produced. Results always retain `asOf`.
 
+## Compare and relationships
+
+All five operations resolve FULL fields before reading source data and use core actions with `PermissionEnforcement.ENFORCE`. Core applies table permissions and record locks. Compare batches numeric COUNT, AVG, VAR_SAMP and quartiles per population; categorical comparisons use a common top-10-plus-Other distribution and pool categories with expected counts below five. Deltas are B minus A, and percent deltas divide by absolute A (null when A is zero). Significance uses a strict p < 0.05 threshold; invalid or privacy-suppressed tests return a plain reason.
+
+Correlation batches all CORR pairs into one aggregate call. Pairwise non-null n values use enforced core count actions, since the current aggregate API has no per-measure filter. Unsupported aggregates use core's bounded streamed fallback; a truncated fallback returns 400 with a request to narrow the filter, rather than publishing a partial significance test. Scatter uses the first N paired records ordered by primary key because the current core QueryInput has no sampling API. Its least-squares line describes that displayed sample. Point drills contain only primary-key equality and are disabled whenever privacy is enabled or the primary key is not FULL.
+
+Shift uses session-timezone calendar buckets. Only buckets whose end has passed enter PSI; categories share one top-8-plus-Other basis, and numeric PSI uses the first complete bucket's quartile boundaries for both populations. Zero shares are floored at 0.000001. PSI is descriptive, not a significance test. Category time series explicitly declare `stacked: true`.
+
+The minimum-group-size guard removes small numeric summaries, suppresses crosstab cells and revealing marginal shares, disables drills on privacy-merged Other groups, and suppresses scatter points below the minimum. Statistical tests and PSI are unavailable when protected values would contribute. No runtime statistics dependency is added; beta/gamma, Welch, chi-square, proportions, PSI and Pearson are pure Java, checked against independently computed SciPy references.
+
+## Anomaly watches
+
+Watches are ordinary owner-locked `data_analysis_watch` rows. Create and edit them through core table CRUD with `data_analysis.watch.read`, `.insert`, `.edit`, and `.delete`. Standard table/record actions **Evaluate now**, **Enable**, and **Disable** use streamed ETL Review and Result summaries. They never appear in navigation. The home lists firing watches first and links to their records.
+
+A watch has `owner_user_id`, `date_field`, `bucket` (`HOUR`, `DAY`, `WEEK`, `MONTH`), `detector`, `parameters_json`, `severity` (`INFO`, `WARNING`, `ERROR`, `CRITICAL`) and `enabled`. It targets either:
+
+- `table_name`, optional core `filter_json`, and `metric_json`, such as `{"operator":"COUNT"}`, `{"operator":"SUM","field":"amount"}`, `{"operator":"AVG","field":"amount"}`, `{"operator":"NULL_SHARE","field":"email"}`, or `{"operator":"CATEGORY_SET","field":"status"}`.
+- `saved_id`: the owner's saved table and filter, with an explicit watch `metric_json` or one saved definition `metric` / single pivot `values` measure. The date field and bucket remain explicit on the watch. Ambiguous saved measures are rejected; saved filters cannot be overridden by `filter_json` on the watch.
+
+Detector parameters are validated by core pre-insert/update customizers, including partial updates. Unknown parameters and invalid metric/detector combinations return clear record errors.
+
+| Detector | Parameters and behavior |
+| --- | --- |
+| SPIKE / DROP | `k=14`, `threshold=3.5`, `relativeChange=0.5`; robust z = `0.6745 * (latest - median) / MAD`, strict directional threshold. With zero MAD, compare relative change against the absolute median. A zero baseline fires only for a nonzero change in the requested direction. |
+| OUT_OF_RANGE | Required `min` and `max`; fire outside the inclusive range. Needs only the latest bucket. |
+| NEW_CATEGORY | `k=14`; requires `CATEGORY_SET`; compare latest categories with the union of previous buckets. Null is excluded from the category set. |
+| NULL_RATE_CREEP | `k=14`, `delta=0.05`, `n=3`; requires `NULL_SHARE`; fire for a rise above the baseline median greater than delta, or `n` consecutive increases (`n+1` values). |
+
+`k` and `n` are bounded to 1–1000. The trailing window contains at most `k+1` complete buckets, excludes the current bucket, and follows the owner's time zone (Monday-based weeks). Leading buckets with no observed rows do not invent history. After the first observed bucket, missing COUNT/SUM/category buckets are zero/empty; AVG and NULL_SHARE with no population are unavailable. Too little history, incomplete streamed results, unavailable fields, and privacy-suppressed buckets never cause a recovery. No suppressed series, categories, values or drills leave the computation. All source reads enforce READ, Analyze, record locks and FULL field access, including filter fields.
+
+`data_analysis_evaluate_watches` is hidden and repeats every 900 seconds when `schedulerName` is configured. Give the scheduler session its standard process permission, `data_analysis_evaluate_watches.hasAccess`. Inventory and status writes use grants restricted to watch rows; source aggregation always switches to the owner. The default integration calls the host authentication module's `createAutomatedSessionForUser`. Hosts can instead configure `withOwnerSessionSupplier(userId -> session)`. The session must identify that owner and include the `data_analysis_user` owner key plus their current permissions. Missing/mismatched sessions record **Owner session unavailable**; there is no system-session fallback. Manual Evaluate now can also evaluate a disabled watch.
+
+A transition from OK to FIRING raises through core `QAlerts`, with the watch record reference and a relative table-query `AlertLink`; recovery resolves the same `data_analysis_watch:<id>` key. The declared type is **`data.analysis.anomaly`**, labelled **Data anomaly**. This spelling is necessary because the supplied core SPI validator rejects the design's `data_analysis.anomaly` underscore. No qbit-alerts dependency is required. With no sink installed, core logs the signal and the watch row still records the outcome. Repeated FIRING/OK evaluations do not send duplicate transitions. Calls are serialized within each runtime; hosts should run this scheduler on one node (cross-node transactional coordination is not provided).
+
+`state`, `alert_key`, `last_evaluated_at`, `last_value` and `last_message` describe the most recent attempt. Skips clear the last value and leave the existing OK/FIRING state intact. Preview uses the requesting viewer's permissions and never updates these fields.
+
+`DataAnalysisSchema.postgresScript(config)` generates the new fields and owner requirement. Existing installations must add `date_field VARCHAR(250)`, `owner_user_id VARCHAR(250)`, `last_value NUMERIC`, and `last_message TEXT`, then backfill each watch's actual owner/date field before making the first two columns NOT NULL and enabling evaluation. The CREATE-IF-NOT-EXISTS generator does not migrate existing tables.
+
 ## Adopting in another app
 
 1. Add a backend, install the producer and run the usual `QInstanceValidator`.
@@ -152,15 +241,15 @@ Data versions use filtered COUNT plus MAX of a readable modification-date-like f
 4. Review per-table include/exclude sets, limits and minimum group sizes before enabling analysis. Integrate Saved Analyses and Watches with host ESB/Quick Search when those optional host features are installed; this scaffold does not add those dependencies.
 5. Use the Analyses home as the owner of analysis data. Other dashboards should link there until saved-analysis widgets are implemented.
 
-Phase **b** profiles, drill-through and runs/cache are implemented through the host facade. Remaining work: **a** core aggregate extensions; **b** HTTP endpoints after QQQ RC.6 and analysis UI; **c** pivots; **d** comparisons and relationships; **e** watch evaluation and alerts; **f** saved-analysis execution, sharing, stars integration, schedules, chart widgets, full home and exports. The current home summarizes stored rows; the host facade executes profiles. The home does not send deliveries.
+Phase **b** profiles, drill-through, runs/cache and HTTP endpoints, phase **c** pivot backend, phase **d** compare/relationships backend, and phase **e** anomaly watches are implemented. Remaining work: **b** analysis UI; **c** pivot UI; **d** comparison/relationship UI; **f** saved-analysis execution, sharing, stars integration, schedules, chart widgets, full home and exports. The current home summarizes stored rows; the host facade executes profiles. The home does not send deliveries.
 
 ## Build
 
 ```bash
-./mvnw verify
+./mvnw -o -q verify -Dqqq.snapshot.version=4.1.0-DATAANALYSIS-SNAPSHOT
 ```
 
-The wrapper pins Maven 3.9.11. On Windows use `mvnw.cmd`. Verification runs Checkstyle, a shared JUnit 5/AssertJ contract suite on memory and H2, PostgreSQL via Testcontainers when Docker is available, and JaCoCo gates of 70% instructions and 90% classes. The suite checks numerical references, every emitted count/drill pair, security, guarded cache JSON, prefix sampling, asynchronous jobs and cache invalidation. For a populated local dependency cache use `./mvnw -o -q verify`. RDBMS, H2, Testcontainers PostgreSQL and the PostgreSQL driver are test-scoped; middleware Javalin is optional.
+The wrapper pins Maven 3.9.11. On Windows use `mvnw.cmd`. Verification runs Checkstyle, a shared JUnit 5/AssertJ contract suite on memory and H2, PostgreSQL via Testcontainers when Docker is available, and JaCoCo gates of 70% instructions and 90% classes. The suite checks numerical references, every exact count/drill pair, full-population estimate drills, security, guarded cache JSON, native sampling, asynchronous jobs and cache invalidation. The POM targets RC.6; until its release, always supply the locally installed snapshot override shown above. RDBMS, H2, Testcontainers PostgreSQL and the PostgreSQL driver are test-scoped; middleware Javalin is optional.
 
 ## License
 

pom.xml

@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@
             <activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault>
          </activation>
          <properties>
-            <qqq.snapshot.version>4.1.0-RC.5</qqq.snapshot.version>
+            <qqq.snapshot.version>4.1.0-RC.6</qqq.snapshot.version>
          </properties>
          <dependencyManagement>
             <dependencies>

src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/DataAnalysisQBitConfig.java

@@ -26,6 +26,9 @@ import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.function.Supplier;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.engine.CoreTierFieldAccessResolver;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.engine.FieldAnalysisAccessResolver;
 import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.QInstance;
 import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.qbits.QBitConfig;
 
@@ -35,6 +38,8 @@ import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.qbits.QBitConfig;
  *******************************************************************************/
 public class DataAnalysisQBitConfig implements QBitConfig
 {
+   private Supplier<FieldAnalysisAccessResolver> fieldAnalysisAccessResolver = CoreTierFieldAccessResolver::defaultResolver;
+   private transient java.util.function.Function<String, com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.session.QSession> ownerSessionSupplier;
    private String backendName;
    private String schedulerName;
    private String appName = "dataAnalysis";
@@ -387,4 +392,38 @@ public class DataAnalysisQBitConfig implements QBitConfig
       this.tableDefaults = tableDefaults;
       return (this);
    }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Host override for session-aware field analysis access.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public Supplier<FieldAnalysisAccessResolver> getFieldAnalysisAccessResolver()
+   {
+      return (fieldAnalysisAccessResolver);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Configure an instance supplier; each service resolves one policy instance.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public DataAnalysisQBitConfig withFieldAnalysisAccessResolver(Supplier<FieldAnalysisAccessResolver> resolver)
+   {
+      this.fieldAnalysisAccessResolver = java.util.Objects.requireNonNull(resolver);
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Optional host adapter for scheduled owner permissions and record-lock keys.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public java.util.function.Function<String, com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.session.QSession> getOwnerSessionSupplier()
+   {
+      return (ownerSessionSupplier);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Without an adapter, use the host authentication module's automated session.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public DataAnalysisQBitConfig withOwnerSessionSupplier(java.util.function.Function<String, com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.session.QSession> supplier)
+   {
+      ownerSessionSupplier = supplier;
+      return (this);
+   }
 }

src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/DataAnalysisQBitProducer.java

@@ -21,11 +21,15 @@
 package com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis;
 
 
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.api.DataAnalysisApi;
 import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.exceptions.QException;
 import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.MetaDataProducerMultiOutput;
 import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.QInstance;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.permissions.TableFeaturePermission;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.permissions.TableFeaturePermissionsMetaData;
 import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.qbits.QBitMetaData;
 import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.qbits.QBitMetaDataProducer;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.tables.TablesPossibleValueSourceMetaDataProvider;
 
 
 /*******************************************************************************
@@ -126,9 +130,36 @@ public class DataAnalysisQBitProducer implements QBitMetaDataProducer<DataAnalys
    public MetaDataProducerMultiOutput produce(QInstance instance) throws QException
    {
       qBitConfig.validate(instance);
+      if(instance.getPossibleValueSource(TablesPossibleValueSourceMetaDataProvider.NAME) == null)
+      {
+         instance.addPossibleValueSource(TablesPossibleValueSourceMetaDataProvider.defineTablesPossibleValueSource(instance));
+      }
       MetaDataProducerMultiOutput output = QBitMetaDataProducer.super.produce(instance);
       output.addSelfToInstance(instance);
       new DataAnalysisRuntime(qBitConfig).addSelfToInstance(instance);
+      com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.alerts.AlertsInstanceMetaData.ofOrWithNew(instance).withAlertType(
+         new com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.alerts.QAlertTypeMetaData().withName(com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.watch.WatchEvaluator.ALERT_TYPE)
+            .withLabel("Data anomaly").withSourceName(ARTIFACT_ID).withGroupName("data-analysis")
+            .withDefaultSeverity(com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.alerts.AlertSeverity.WARNING)
+            .withResolveMode(com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.alerts.ResolveMode.PRODUCER)
+            .withSubjectTableName(com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.model.DataAnalysisTables.WATCH)
+            .withVisibilityPermission("data_analysis.watch.read"));
+      var included = java.util.Set.copyOf(qBitConfig.getIncludeTables());
+      var excluded = java.util.Set.copyOf(qBitConfig.getExcludeTables());
+      TableFeaturePermissionsMetaData.ofOrWithNew(instance).withPermission(new TableFeaturePermission()
+         .withSuffix("analyze").withLabel("Analyze").withImpliedBy(null)
+         .withAppliesTo((qInstance, table) -> !table.getName().startsWith(DataAnalysisQBitConfig.TABLE_NAME_PREFIX)
+            && (included.isEmpty() || included.contains(table.getName())) && !excluded.contains(table.getName())));
+      try
+      {
+         Class.forName("io.javalin.Javalin");
+         Class.forName("com.kingsrook.qqq.middleware.javalin.QJavalinImplementation");
+         DataAnalysisApi.register(instance);
+      }
+      catch(ClassNotFoundException expected)
+      {
+         // The engine and metadata also work without the optional middleware.
+      }
       if(qBitConfig.getParentAppName() != null && instance.getApp(qBitConfig.getParentAppName()) != null)
       {
          instance.getApp(qBitConfig.getParentAppName()).withChild(instance.getApp(qBitConfig.getAppName()));

src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/DataAnalysisRuntime.java

@@ -25,11 +25,12 @@ import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.context.QContext;
 import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.QSupplementalInstanceMetaData;
 
 /*******************************************************************************
- ** Instance-scoped service holder for future endpoints and host integrations.
+ ** Instance-scoped service holder for UI API endpoints and host integrations.
  *******************************************************************************/
 public class DataAnalysisRuntime implements QSupplementalInstanceMetaData
 {
    private final transient DataAnalysisService service;
+   private final transient com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.watch.WatchEvaluator watches;
 
    /*******************************************************************************
     ** Create a runtime for one configured instance.
@@ -37,6 +38,7 @@ public class DataAnalysisRuntime implements QSupplementalInstanceMetaData
    public DataAnalysisRuntime(DataAnalysisQBitConfig config)
    {
       service = new DataAnalysisService(config);
+      watches = new com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.watch.WatchEvaluator(config, service);
    }
 
 
@@ -70,4 +72,12 @@ public class DataAnalysisRuntime implements QSupplementalInstanceMetaData
    {
       return (((DataAnalysisRuntime) QContext.getQInstance().getSupplementalMetaData("dataAnalysisRuntime")).getService());
    }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Shared evaluator serializes manual and scheduled watch transitions.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public static com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.watch.WatchEvaluator watches()
+   {
+      return (((DataAnalysisRuntime) QContext.getQInstance().getSupplementalMetaData("dataAnalysisRuntime")).watches);
+   }
 }

src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/DataAnalysisSchema.java

@@ -83,6 +83,7 @@ public final class DataAnalysisSchema
       {
          case INTEGER -> "INTEGER";
          case LONG -> "BIGINT";
+         case DECIMAL -> "NUMERIC";
          case BOOLEAN -> "BOOLEAN";
          case DATE_TIME -> "TIMESTAMP WITHOUT TIME ZONE";
          case TEXT -> "TEXT";

src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/DataAnalysisService.java

@@ -21,24 +21,47 @@
 package com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis;
 
 import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
 import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.engine.AnalysisBackend;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.engine.AnalysisDrillGuard;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.engine.AnalysisLabels;
 import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.engine.AnalysisSecurity;
 import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.engine.ColumnProfiler;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.engine.ComparisonExplorer;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.engine.CoreAnalysisBackend;
 import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.engine.DistinctValues;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.engine.DrillFilters;
 import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.engine.DuplicateFinder;
 import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.engine.EffectiveConfigResolver;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.engine.FieldAnalysisAccessResolver;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.engine.PivotExplorer;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.engine.RelationshipExplorer;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.engine.ShiftExplorer;
 import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.engine.StandInAnalysisBackend;
 import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.engine.TableProfiler;
 import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.AnalysisRequest;
 import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.Capabilities;
 import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.ColumnProfile;
 import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.ColumnProfileRequest;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.CompareRequest;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.CompareResult;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.CorrelationRequest;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.CorrelationResult;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.CrosstabRequest;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.CrosstabResult;
 import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.DistinctValuesPage;
 import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.DistinctValuesRequest;
 import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.DuplicatesRequest;
 import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.DuplicatesResult;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.PivotRequest;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.PivotResult;
 import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.RunStatus;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.ScatterRequest;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.ScatterResult;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.ShiftRequest;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.ShiftResult;
 import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.TableProfile;
 import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.TableProfileRequest;
 import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.run.AnalysisRunService;
@@ -52,6 +75,7 @@ public class DataAnalysisService
 {
    private final EffectiveConfigResolver configs;
    private final AnalysisSecurity security;
+   private final FieldAnalysisAccessResolver fieldAccess;
    private final AnalysisRunService runs;
 
    /*******************************************************************************
@@ -70,7 +94,8 @@ public class DataAnalysisService
    public DataAnalysisService(DataAnalysisQBitConfig config, Executor executor)
    {
       configs = new EffectiveConfigResolver(config);
-      security = new AnalysisSecurity(configs);
+      fieldAccess = config.getFieldAnalysisAccessResolver().get();
+      security = new AnalysisSecurity(configs, fieldAccess);
       runs = new AnalysisRunService(this, executor);
    }
 
@@ -82,7 +107,7 @@ public class DataAnalysisService
    public Capabilities capabilities(String table) throws QException
    {
       return (new Capabilities().withTableName(table).withFields(security.analyzableFields(table).stream().map(QFieldMetaData::getName).toList())
-         .withConfig(configs.resolve(table)).withBackend("RC.5 stand-in; deterministic primary-key prefix sampling"));
+         .withConfig(configs.resolve(table)).withBackend(CoreAnalysisBackend.capabilities(table).isEmpty() ? "Streamed analysis" : "Core aggregate pushdown"));
    }
 
 
@@ -115,7 +140,7 @@ public class DataAnalysisService
    public DistinctValuesPage distinctValues(DistinctValuesRequest request) throws QException
    {
       validate(request);
-      return (new DistinctValues(backend(request.getTableName())).page(request, security.field(request.getTableName(), request.getFieldName()), configs.resolve(request.getTableName())));
+      return (protect(new DistinctValues(backend(request.getTableName()), fieldAccess).page(request, security.field(request.getTableName(), request.getFieldName()), configs.resolve(request.getTableName())), request));
    }
 
 
@@ -126,7 +151,7 @@ public class DataAnalysisService
    public DuplicatesResult duplicates(DuplicatesRequest request) throws QException
    {
       validate(request);
-      return (new DuplicateFinder(backend(request.getTableName())).find(request, configs.resolve(request.getTableName())));
+      return (protect(new DuplicateFinder(backend(request.getTableName())).find(request, configs.resolve(request.getTableName())), request));
    }
 
 
@@ -163,11 +188,11 @@ public class DataAnalysisService
 
 
    /*******************************************************************************
-    ** Fresh per-request backend, ready for a future core-backed implementation.
+    ** Select core pushdown when the backend advertises analysis capabilities.
     *******************************************************************************/
    public AnalysisBackend backend(String table) throws QException
    {
-      return (new StandInAnalysisBackend(configs.resolve(table)));
+      return (CoreAnalysisBackend.capabilities(table).isEmpty() ? new StandInAnalysisBackend(configs.resolve(table)) : new CoreAnalysisBackend(configs.resolve(table)));
    }
 
 
@@ -218,7 +243,7 @@ public class DataAnalysisService
    public ColumnProfile compute(ColumnProfileRequest request, AnalysisBackend backend, AnalysisBackend.Scope scope) throws QException
    {
       validate(request);
-      return (new ColumnProfiler(backend).profile(request, security.field(request.getTableName(), request.getFieldName()), scope, configs.resolve(request.getTableName())));
+      return (protect(new ColumnProfiler(backend, fieldAccess).profile(request, security.field(request.getTableName(), request.getFieldName()), scope, configs.resolve(request.getTableName())), request));
    }
 
 
@@ -231,6 +256,99 @@ public class DataAnalysisService
       validate(request);
       List<QFieldMetaData> fields = security.analyzableFields(request.getTableName()).stream()
          .filter(f -> request.getFields() == null || request.getFields().contains(f.getName())).toList();
-      return (new TableProfiler(backend).profile(request, fields, scope));
+      return (protect(new TableProfiler(backend).profile(request, fields, scope), request));
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Field policy identity is re-evaluated before cache reads and writes.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public String fieldAccessFingerprint(String table) throws QException
+   {
+      return (security.accessFingerprint(table));
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Execute a pivot as the current user through core aggregates.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public PivotResult pivot(PivotRequest request) throws QException
+   {
+      validate(request);
+      return (new PivotExplorer(security, configs.resolve(request.getTableName())).execute(request));
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Generated primary-key drills also obey the configured field-access seam.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   private <T> T protect(T result, AnalysisRequest request) throws QException
+   {
+      new AnalysisDrillGuard(Set.copyOf(capabilities(request.getTableName()).getFields()),
+         DrillFilters.restoreTypes(request.getTableName(), request.getFilter())).apply(result);
+      return (result);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Include resolved tiers of related label fields in cache identity.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public Map<String, Object> fieldAccessPolicy(String table) throws QException
+   {
+      return (AnalysisLabels.policy(table, fieldAccess));
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Execute compare under the current user's FULL-field and record policy.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public CompareResult compare(CompareRequest request) throws QException
+   {
+      validate(request);
+      return (new ComparisonExplorer(security, configs.resolve(request.getTableName()), request.getTableName()).compare(request));
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Execute correlation under the current user's FULL-field and record policy.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public CorrelationResult correlation(CorrelationRequest request) throws QException
+   {
+      validate(request);
+      return (new RelationshipExplorer(security, configs.resolve(request.getTableName()), request.getTableName()).correlation(request));
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Execute crosstab under the current user's FULL-field and record policy.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public CrosstabResult crosstab(CrosstabRequest request) throws QException
+   {
+      validate(request);
+      return (new RelationshipExplorer(security, configs.resolve(request.getTableName()), request.getTableName()).crosstab(request));
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Execute scatter under the current user's FULL-field and record policy.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public ScatterResult scatter(ScatterRequest request) throws QException
+   {
+      validate(request);
+      return (new RelationshipExplorer(security, configs.resolve(request.getTableName()), request.getTableName()).scatter(request));
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Execute shift under the current user's FULL-field and record policy.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public ShiftResult shift(ShiftRequest request) throws QException
+   {
+      validate(request);
+      return (new ShiftExplorer(security, configs.resolve(request.getTableName()), request.getTableName()).shift(request));
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Watch aggregates use the same current-user table and FULL-field policy.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.watch.WatchPreview watchPreview(com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.data.QRecord row, java.time.Instant now) throws QException
+   {
+      var resolved = com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.watch.WatchRecords.resolve(row);
+      String table = resolved.getValueString("table_name");
+      security.table(table);
+      var definition = com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.watch.WatchDefinition.parse(resolved);
+      return (new com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.watch.WatchSeries(security, configs.resolve(table), table)
+         .preview(definition, com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.watch.WatchRecords.filter(resolved), now));
    }
 }

src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/api/DataAnalysisApi.java

@@ -0,0 +1,793 @@
+/*
+ * QQQ - Low-code Application Framework for Engineers.
+ * Copyright (C) 2021-2025.  Kingsrook, LLC
+ * 651 N Broad St Ste 205 # 6917 | Middletown DE 19709 | United States
+ * contact@kingsrook.com
+ * https://github.com/Kingsrook/
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.api;
+
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.DataAnalysisRuntime;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.DataAnalysisService;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.engine.CoreAnalysisBackend;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.AnalysisRequest;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.ChartKind;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.ColumnProfileRequest;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.CompareRequest;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.CorrelationRequest;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.CrosstabRequest;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.DistinctValuesRequest;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.DuplicatesRequest;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.PivotRequest;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.ScatterRequest;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.ShiftRequest;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.TableProfileRequest;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.context.QContext;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.exceptions.QBadRequestException;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.exceptions.QNotFoundException;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.exceptions.QPermissionDeniedException;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.query.QQueryFilter;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.QInstance;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.fields.QFieldMetaData;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.tables.QTableMetaData;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.utils.JsonUtils;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.middleware.javalin.specs.BasicOperation;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.middleware.javalin.specs.extensions.AbstractJsonEndpointSpec;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.middleware.javalin.specs.extensions.MiddlewareSpecExtension;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.middleware.javalin.specs.extensions.MiddlewareSpecExtensionsMetaData;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.openapi.model.HttpMethod;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.openapi.model.In;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.openapi.model.Parameter;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.openapi.model.Schema;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.openapi.model.Type;
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ ** Session-bound analysis operations registered only with optional Javalin present.
+ *******************************************************************************/
+public class DataAnalysisApi
+{
+   public static final String PREFIX = "/qbit/data-analysis";
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Publish the extension through the core spec registry.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public static void register(QInstance instance)
+   {
+      MiddlewareSpecExtensionsMetaData.ofOrWithNew(instance).withExtension(extension());
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** The same descriptor drives routes, OpenAPI and assistant tool discovery.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public static MiddlewareSpecExtension extension()
+   {
+      return (new MiddlewareSpecExtension().withName("data-analysis").withSemanticVersion("1.3.0")
+         .withDescription("Profiles, pivots, comparisons, distribution shifts, correlations, scatter samples, crosstabs and anomaly watch previews as the signed-in user.")
+         .withSpec(CapabilitiesSpec.class).withSpec(ColumnProfileSpec.class).withSpec(DistinctValuesSpec.class)
+         .withSpec(CompareSpec.class).withSpec(ShiftSpec.class).withSpec(CorrelationSpec.class).withSpec(ScatterSpec.class).withSpec(CrosstabSpec.class)
+         .withSpec(WatchPreviewSpec.class).withSpec(PivotSpec.class).withSpec(TableProfileSpec.class).withSpec(DuplicatesSpec.class).withSpec(StartRunSpec.class).withSpec(GetRunSpec.class));
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Common schema catalog and path parameters for the analysis JSON specs.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public abstract static class ProfileSpec extends AbstractJsonEndpointSpec
+   {
+      private final String path;
+      private final HttpMethod method;
+      private final String summary;
+      private final String description;
+      private final String request;
+      private final String response;
+
+      /*******************************************************************************
+       ** Bind immutable operation metadata.
+       *******************************************************************************/
+      protected ProfileSpec(String path, HttpMethod method, String summary, String description, String request, String response)
+      {
+         this.path = path;
+         this.method = method;
+         this.summary = summary;
+         this.description = description;
+         this.request = request;
+         this.response = response;
+      }
+
+      /*******************************************************************************
+       ** Assistant-facing operation purpose.
+       *******************************************************************************/
+      @Override
+      public BasicOperation defineBasicOperation()
+      {
+         return (new BasicOperation().withPath(PREFIX + path).withHttpMethod(method).withShortSummary(summary).withLongDescription(description));
+      }
+
+      /*******************************************************************************
+       ** Required path parameter, when present.
+       *******************************************************************************/
+      @Override
+      public List<Parameter> defineRequestParameters()
+      {
+         String name = path.contains("{table}") ? "table" : path.contains("{runId}") ? "runId" : path.contains("{id}") ? "id" : null;
+         return (name == null ? List.of() : List.of(new Parameter().withName(name).withIn(In.PATH).withRequired(true)
+            .withDescription(name.equals("table") ? "QQQ table name to analyze." : "Owner-scoped analysis run or watch id.").withSchema(new Schema().withType(Type.STRING))));
+      }
+
+      /*******************************************************************************
+       ** Versioned request schema.
+       *******************************************************************************/
+      @Override
+      protected Schema defineRequestBodySchema()
+      {
+         return (request == null ? null : new Schema().withRef("#/components/schemas/DataAnalysis" + request + "V1"));
+      }
+
+      /*******************************************************************************
+       ** Versioned response schema.
+       *******************************************************************************/
+      @Override
+      protected String getResponseSchemaName()
+      {
+         return ("DataAnalysis" + response + "V1");
+      }
+
+      /*******************************************************************************
+       ** Include all referenced transport models and the shared core filter.
+       *******************************************************************************/
+      @Override
+      public Map<String, Schema> defineComponentSchemas()
+      {
+         return (this instanceof CapabilitiesSpec ? DataAnalysisSchemas.components() : Map.of());
+      }
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Existing table lookup before invoking permission-sensitive operations.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   private static QTableMetaData table(String name) throws QNotFoundException
+   {
+      QTableMetaData table = QContext.getQInstance().getTable(name);
+      if(table == null)
+      {
+         throw new QNotFoundException("Unknown analysis table.");
+      }
+      return (table);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Parse one JSON object with strict scalar/list types and core filter JSON.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   private static AnalysisRequest request(String operation, String table, Map<String, Object> body) throws Exception
+   {
+      table(table);
+      DataAnalysisService service = DataAnalysisRuntime.service();
+      List<String> readable = service.capabilities(table).getFields();
+      try
+      {
+         for(String name : List.of("fieldName", "search"))
+         {
+            if(body.get(name) != null && !(body.get(name) instanceof String))
+            {
+               throw new IllegalArgumentException(name + " must be a string.");
+            }
+         }
+         if(body.get("exact") != null && !(body.get("exact") instanceof Boolean))
+         {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("exact must be a boolean.");
+         }
+         QQueryFilter filter = body.get("filter") == null ? null : JsonUtils.toObject(JsonUtils.toJson(body.get("filter")), QQueryFilter.class);
+         validateFilter(filter);
+         List<String> fields = null;
+         if(body.get("fields") != null)
+         {
+            if(!(body.get("fields") instanceof List<?> values) || values.stream().anyMatch(v -> !(v instanceof String)))
+            {
+               throw new IllegalArgumentException("fields must be an array of field names.");
+            }
+            fields = ((List<?>) body.get("fields")).stream().map(String.class::cast).toList();
+            if(fields.isEmpty() || !readable.containsAll(fields))
+            {
+               throw new IllegalArgumentException("Choose readable analysis fields.");
+            }
+         }
+         String field = (String) body.get("fieldName");
+         if((operation.equals("COLUMN_PROFILE") || operation.equals("DISTINCT_VALUES")) && !readable.contains(field))
+         {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Choose a readable analysis field.");
+         }
+         boolean exact = Boolean.TRUE.equals(body.get("exact"));
+         return (switch(operation)
+         {
+            case "COLUMN_PROFILE" -> new ColumnProfileRequest().withTableName(table).withFilter(filter).withFieldName(field).withExact(exact);
+            case "TABLE_PROFILE" -> new TableProfileRequest().withTableName(table).withFilter(filter).withFields(fields);
+            case "DISTINCT_VALUES" -> new DistinctValuesRequest().withTableName(table).withFilter(filter).withFieldName(field)
+               .withPage(integer(body, "page", 0, 0, 1_000_000)).withPageSize(integer(body, "pageSize", 100, 1, 500)).withSearch((String) body.get("search"));
+            case "DUPLICATES" -> new DuplicatesRequest().withTableName(table).withFilter(filter)
+               .withFields(java.util.Objects.requireNonNull(fields, "Choose duplicate fields.")).withLimit(integer(body, "limit", 50, 1, 500));
+            default -> throw new IllegalArgumentException("operation must be COLUMN_PROFILE or TABLE_PROFILE.");
+         });
+      }
+      catch(Exception e)
+      {
+         throw new QBadRequestException("Invalid analysis request: " + e.getMessage());
+      }
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Bad filter fields fail before any aggregate or cached result is consulted.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   private static void validateFilter(QQueryFilter filter)
+   {
+      if(filter == null)
+      {
+         return;
+      }
+      for(var criterion : filter.getCriteria())
+      {
+         if(criterion.getOperator() == null || criterion.getFieldName() == null)
+         {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Choose readable filter fields and a valid operator.");
+         }
+      }
+      filter.getSubFilters().forEach(sub -> validateFilter(sub));
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Reject fractional, null, overflowing and out-of-range numeric parameters.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   private static int integer(Map<String, Object> body, String name, int fallback, int min, int max)
+   {
+      if(!body.containsKey(name))
+      {
+         return (fallback);
+      }
+      Object value = body.get(name);
+      if(!(value instanceof Number number) || number.doubleValue() != number.intValue() || number.intValue() < min || number.intValue() > max)
+      {
+         throw new IllegalArgumentException(name + " must be an integer from " + min + " to " + max + ".");
+      }
+      return (number.intValue());
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Transport conversion avoids middleware dependencies in engine results.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   private static <T> T transport(Object value, Class<T> type) throws Exception
+   {
+      return (JsonUtils.toObject(JsonUtils.toJson(value), type));
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Check analysis availability.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public static class CapabilitiesSpec extends ProfileSpec
+   {
+      /*******************************************************************************
+       ** Public constructor used by the core extension registry.
+       *******************************************************************************/
+      public CapabilitiesSpec()
+      {
+         super("/tables/{table}/capabilities", HttpMethod.GET, "Check analysis availability",
+            "Discover whether the current user can analyze this table, readable fields, chart defaults, limits and backend capabilities.", null, "Capabilities");
+      }
+
+      /*******************************************************************************
+       ** Execute in the request session established by core middleware.
+       *******************************************************************************/
+      @Override
+      protected Object handle(JsonInput input) throws Exception
+      {
+         return (capabilities(input.getPathParam("table")));
+      }
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Profile one column.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public static class ColumnProfileSpec extends ProfileSpec
+   {
+      /*******************************************************************************
+       ** Public constructor used by the core extension registry.
+       *******************************************************************************/
+      public ColumnProfileSpec()
+      {
+         super("/tables/{table}/column-profile", HttpMethod.POST, "Profile one column",
+            "Profile one column of a table under a filter: counts, nulls, distinct values, top values, numeric statistics and histogram, date patterns; every number has a drill-through filter unless privacy suppresses it.", "ColumnProfileRequest", "ColumnProfile");
+      }
+
+      /*******************************************************************************
+       ** Execute in the request session established by core middleware.
+       *******************************************************************************/
+      @Override
+      protected Object handle(JsonInput input) throws Exception
+      {
+         return (transport(DataAnalysisRuntime.service().columnProfile((ColumnProfileRequest) request("COLUMN_PROFILE", input.getPathParam("table"), input.getBody())), DataAnalysisSchemas.DataAnalysisColumnProfileV1.class));
+      }
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** List distinct column values.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public static class DistinctValuesSpec extends ProfileSpec
+   {
+      /*******************************************************************************
+       ** Public constructor used by the core extension registry.
+       *******************************************************************************/
+      public DistinctValuesSpec()
+      {
+         super("/tables/{table}/distinct-values", HttpMethod.POST, "List distinct column values",
+            "Page through distinct stored values with display labels, counts and drill-through filters; search narrows stored values.", "DistinctValuesRequest", "DistinctValuesPage");
+      }
+
+      /*******************************************************************************
+       ** Execute in the request session established by core middleware.
+       *******************************************************************************/
+      @Override
+      protected Object handle(JsonInput input) throws Exception
+      {
+         return (transport(DataAnalysisRuntime.service().distinctValues((DistinctValuesRequest) request("DISTINCT_VALUES", input.getPathParam("table"), input.getBody())), DataAnalysisSchemas.DataAnalysisDistinctValuesPageV1.class));
+      }
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Profile table completeness and keys.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public static class TableProfileSpec extends ProfileSpec
+   {
+      /*******************************************************************************
+       ** Public constructor used by the core extension registry.
+       *******************************************************************************/
+      public TableProfileSpec()
+      {
+         super("/tables/{table}/table-profile", HttpMethod.POST, "Profile table completeness and keys",
+            "Profile readable fields under a filter for completeness, uniqueness, constant or empty columns and candidate keys.", "TableProfileRequest", "TableProfile");
+      }
+
+      /*******************************************************************************
+       ** Execute in the request session established by core middleware.
+       *******************************************************************************/
+      @Override
+      protected Object handle(JsonInput input) throws Exception
+      {
+         return (transport(DataAnalysisRuntime.service().tableProfile((TableProfileRequest) request("TABLE_PROFILE", input.getPathParam("table"), input.getBody())), DataAnalysisSchemas.DataAnalysisTableProfileV1.class));
+      }
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Find duplicate groups.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public static class DuplicatesSpec extends ProfileSpec
+   {
+      /*******************************************************************************
+       ** Public constructor used by the core extension registry.
+       *******************************************************************************/
+      public DuplicatesSpec()
+      {
+         super("/tables/{table}/duplicates", HttpMethod.POST, "Find duplicate groups",
+            "Group matching records by the selected readable fields and return repeated tuples with counts and drill-through filters.", "DuplicatesRequest", "DuplicatesResult");
+      }
+
+      /*******************************************************************************
+       ** Execute in the request session established by core middleware.
+       *******************************************************************************/
+      @Override
+      protected Object handle(JsonInput input) throws Exception
+      {
+         return (transport(DataAnalysisRuntime.service().duplicates((DuplicatesRequest) request("DUPLICATES", input.getPathParam("table"), input.getBody())), DataAnalysisSchemas.DataAnalysisDuplicatesResultV1.class));
+      }
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Start an exact profile run.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public static class StartRunSpec extends ProfileSpec
+   {
+      /*******************************************************************************
+       ** Public constructor used by the core extension registry.
+       *******************************************************************************/
+      public StartRunSpec()
+      {
+         super("/runs", HttpMethod.POST, "Start an exact profile run",
+            "Start an owner-scoped exact column or table profile. Poll the returned runId until COMPLETE or FAILED; results honor the current session permissions.", "StartRunRequest", "RunStarted");
+      }
+
+      /*******************************************************************************
+       ** Execute in the request session established by core middleware.
+       *******************************************************************************/
+      @Override
+      protected Object handle(JsonInput input) throws Exception
+      {
+         Map<String, Object> body = input.getBody();
+         if(body == null || !(body.get("tableName") instanceof String name) || !(body.get("operation") instanceof String operation)
+            || !List.of("COLUMN_PROFILE", "TABLE_PROFILE").contains(operation) || !(body.get("request") instanceof Map<?, ?>))
+         {
+            throw new QBadRequestException("Supply operation, tableName and a profile request object.");
+         }
+         Map<String, Object> parameters = JsonUtils.toObject(JsonUtils.toJson(body.get("request")), java.util.LinkedHashMap.class);
+         String id = DataAnalysisRuntime.service().startExactRun(request(operation, name, parameters));
+         DataAnalysisSchemas.DataAnalysisRunStartedV1 result = new DataAnalysisSchemas.DataAnalysisRunStartedV1();
+         result.runId = id;
+         result.status = DataAnalysisRuntime.service().getRun(id).getStatus();
+         return (result);
+      }
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Get an exact profile run.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public static class GetRunSpec extends ProfileSpec
+   {
+      /*******************************************************************************
+       ** Public constructor used by the core extension registry.
+       *******************************************************************************/
+      public GetRunSpec()
+      {
+         super("/runs/{runId}", HttpMethod.GET, "Get an exact profile run",
+            "Read status, timestamps and the typed columnProfile or tableProfile result of an owner-scoped run. Completed results are rechecked against current permissions.", null, "RunStatus");
+      }
+
+      /*******************************************************************************
+       ** Execute in the request session established by core middleware.
+       *******************************************************************************/
+      @Override
+      protected Object handle(JsonInput input) throws Exception
+      {
+         return (transport(DataAnalysisRuntime.service().getRun(input.getPathParam("runId")), DataAnalysisSchemas.DataAnalysisRunStatusV1.class));
+      }
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Permission probing is a successful response with no disclosed field list.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   private static DataAnalysisSchemas.DataAnalysisCapabilitiesV1 capabilities(String name) throws Exception
+   {
+      QTableMetaData table = table(name);
+      DataAnalysisSchemas.DataAnalysisCapabilitiesV1 result = new DataAnalysisSchemas.DataAnalysisCapabilitiesV1();
+      result.tableName = name;
+      result.tableLabel = table.getLabel();
+      result.canAnalyze = false;
+      result.fields = List.of();
+      result.backendCapabilities = List.of();
+      result.sqlWorkbenchAvailable = QContext.getQInstance().getApp("sqlWorkbench") != null
+         || QContext.getQInstance().getTables().keySet().stream().anyMatch(t -> t.startsWith("sql_workbench_"));
+      try
+      {
+         var capabilities = DataAnalysisRuntime.service().capabilities(name);
+         result.canAnalyze = true;
+         result.backendCapabilities = CoreAnalysisBackend.capabilities(name).stream().map(Enum::name).sorted().toList();
+         result.fields = capabilities.getFields().stream().map(f -> capabilityField(table.getField(f))).toList();
+         var config = capabilities.getConfig();
+         result.limits = new DataAnalysisSchemas.DataAnalysisLimitsV1();
+         result.limits.maxRows = config.getMaxRows();
+         result.limits.sampleThresholdRows = config.getSampleThresholdRows();
+         result.limits.sampleRows = config.getSampleRows();
+         result.limits.minGroupSize = config.getMinGroupSize();
+      }
+      catch(QPermissionDeniedException expected)
+      {
+         // A UI capability probe deliberately reports denial without an error.
+      }
+      return (result);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Semantic type and the default visualization, with PVS/FK taking priority.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   private static DataAnalysisSchemas.DataAnalysisCapabilityFieldV1 capabilityField(QFieldMetaData field)
+   {
+      DataAnalysisSchemas.DataAnalysisCapabilityFieldV1 result = new DataAnalysisSchemas.DataAnalysisCapabilityFieldV1();
+      result.name = field.getName();
+      result.label = field.getLabel();
+      result.type = field.getType().name();
+      result.kind = field.getPossibleValueSourceName() != null ? "CATEGORY" : switch(field.getType())
+      {
+         case INTEGER, LONG, DECIMAL -> "NUMERIC";
+         case DATE -> "DATE";
+         case DATE_TIME -> "DATE_TIME";
+         case BOOLEAN -> "BOOLEAN";
+         default -> "TEXT";
+      };
+      result.defaultChartKind = switch(result.kind)
+      {
+         case "NUMERIC" -> ChartKind.HISTOGRAM;
+         case "DATE", "DATE_TIME" -> ChartKind.TIME_SERIES;
+         default -> ChartKind.BAR;
+      };
+      return (result);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Group records by row and column dimensions.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public static class PivotSpec extends ProfileSpec
+   {
+      /*******************************************************************************
+       ** Publish assistant-friendly grouping and measure capabilities.
+       *******************************************************************************/
+      public PivotSpec()
+      {
+         super("/tables/{table}/pivot", HttpMethod.POST, "Explore a pivot table",
+            "Group records by up to 3 row and 2 column fields (with date or numeric buckets) and compute counts, sums, averages, min/max, distinct counts or percentiles per cell; every cell has a drill-through filter.", "PivotRequest", "Pivot");
+      }
+
+      /*******************************************************************************
+       ** Strict body validation precedes the session-bound engine.
+       *******************************************************************************/
+      @Override
+      protected Object handle(JsonInput input) throws Exception
+      {
+         String tableName = input.getPathParam("table");
+         table(tableName);
+         DataAnalysisRuntime.service().capabilities(tableName);
+         PivotRequest pivot;
+         try
+         {
+            Map<String, Object> body = input.getBody();
+            integer(body, "limitGroups", 50, 1, 200);
+            if(body.containsKey("showTotals") && !(body.get("showTotals") instanceof Boolean))
+            {
+               throw new IllegalArgumentException("showTotals must be a boolean.");
+            }
+            for(String axis : List.of("rows", "columns"))
+            {
+               if(body.containsKey(axis))
+               {
+                  if(!(body.get(axis) instanceof List<?> dimensions))
+                  {
+                     throw new IllegalArgumentException("Dimensions must be arrays.");
+                  }
+                  for(Object dimension : dimensions)
+                  {
+                     if(!(dimension instanceof Map<?, ?> map) || !(map.get("field") instanceof String))
+                     {
+                        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Each dimension requires a field name.");
+                     }
+                     if(map.get("numericBins") instanceof Map<?, ?> bins)
+                     {
+                        Object count = bins.get("count");
+                        if(count != null && (!(count instanceof Number number) || number.doubleValue() != number.intValue()))
+                        {
+                           throw new IllegalArgumentException("Bin count must be an integer.");
+                        }
+                     }
+                  }
+               }
+            }
+            if(!(body.get("values") instanceof List<?> values) || values.stream().anyMatch(v -> !(v instanceof Map<?, ?> m)
+               || !(m.get("operator") instanceof String) || m.get("field") != null && !(m.get("field") instanceof String)))
+            {
+               throw new IllegalArgumentException("Measures require an operator and optional field name.");
+            }
+            pivot = JsonUtils.toObject(JsonUtils.toJson(body), PivotRequest.class).withTableName(tableName);
+            validateFilter(pivot.getFilter());
+         }
+         catch(Exception e)
+         {
+            throw new QBadRequestException("Invalid pivot request.");
+         }
+         return (transport(DataAnalysisRuntime.service().pivot(pivot), DataAnalysisSchemas.DataAnalysisPivotV1.class));
+      }
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Strict JSON types before Jackson conversion; engine validates FULL fields.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   private static <T> T relationshipRequest(String tableName, Map<String, Object> body, Class<T> type) throws Exception
+   {
+      table(tableName);
+      DataAnalysisRuntime.service().capabilities(tableName);
+      try
+      {
+         for(String name : List.of("field", "dateField", "bucket", "xField", "yField", "rowField", "columnField", "labelA", "labelB"))
+         {
+            if(body.containsKey(name) && !(body.get(name) instanceof String))
+            {
+               throw new IllegalArgumentException("Expected a field name or label.");
+            }
+         }
+         if(body.containsKey("fields") && (!(body.get("fields") instanceof List<?> fields) || fields.stream().anyMatch(f -> !(f instanceof String))))
+         {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Expected an array of field names.");
+         }
+         if(body.containsKey("limit"))
+         {
+            integer(body, "limit", 2000, 1, type == CrosstabRequest.class ? 20 : 2000);
+         }
+         for(String name : List.of("filter", "filterA", "filterB"))
+         {
+            Object filter = body.get(name);
+            if(filter != null)
+            {
+               if(!(filter instanceof Map<?, ?>))
+               {
+                  throw new IllegalArgumentException("Expected a query filter object.");
+               }
+               validateFilter(JsonUtils.toObject(JsonUtils.toJson(filter), QQueryFilter.class));
+            }
+         }
+         return (JsonUtils.toObject(JsonUtils.toJson(body), type));
+      }
+      catch(Exception e)
+      {
+         throw new QBadRequestException("Invalid relationship request.");
+      }
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Compare filtered A with filtered B (null means the whole permitted table). Return means, medians or category shares, B-minus-A deltas, valid significance tests and count-equivalent drills. Only FULL fields are accepted.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public static class CompareSpec extends ProfileSpec
+   {
+      /*******************************************************************************
+       ** Public constructor for endpoint and assistant discovery.
+       *******************************************************************************/
+      public CompareSpec()
+      {
+         super("/tables/{table}/compare", HttpMethod.POST, "Compare two populations",
+            "Compare filtered A with filtered B (null means the whole permitted table). Return means, medians or category shares, B-minus-A deltas, valid significance tests and count-equivalent drills. Only FULL fields are accepted.", "CompareRequest", "Compare");
+      }
+
+      /*******************************************************************************
+       ** Execute with the calling session and versioned transport contract.
+       *******************************************************************************/
+      @Override
+      protected Object handle(JsonInput input) throws Exception
+      {
+         String tableName = input.getPathParam("table");
+         CompareRequest request = relationshipRequest(tableName, input.getBody(), CompareRequest.class).withTableName(tableName);
+         return (transport(DataAnalysisRuntime.service().compare(request), RelationshipSchemas.DataAnalysisCompareV1.class));
+      }
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Compare category shares or numeric quartiles across session-timezone calendar buckets. Compute descriptive PSI between the first and last complete nonempty buckets using fixed categories or baseline quartile bins.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public static class ShiftSpec extends ProfileSpec
+   {
+      /*******************************************************************************
+       ** Public constructor for endpoint and assistant discovery.
+       *******************************************************************************/
+      public ShiftSpec()
+      {
+         super("/tables/{table}/shift", HttpMethod.POST, "Measure distribution shift over time",
+            "Compare category shares or numeric quartiles across session-timezone calendar buckets. Compute descriptive PSI between the first and last complete nonempty buckets using fixed categories or baseline quartile bins.", "ShiftRequest", "Shift");
+      }
+
+      /*******************************************************************************
+       ** Execute with the calling session and versioned transport contract.
+       *******************************************************************************/
+      @Override
+      protected Object handle(JsonInput input) throws Exception
+      {
+         String tableName = input.getPathParam("table");
+         ShiftRequest request = relationshipRequest(tableName, input.getBody(), ShiftRequest.class).withTableName(tableName);
+         return (transport(DataAnalysisRuntime.service().shift(request), RelationshipSchemas.DataAnalysisShiftV1.class));
+      }
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Compute a Pearson correlation matrix for 2 to 12 distinct FULL numeric fields, using paired non-null records. Every cell includes n and parameters for the scatter endpoint; core pushes down CORR or uses bounded streaming.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public static class CorrelationSpec extends ProfileSpec
+   {
+      /*******************************************************************************
+       ** Public constructor for endpoint and assistant discovery.
+       *******************************************************************************/
+      public CorrelationSpec()
+      {
+         super("/tables/{table}/correlation", HttpMethod.POST, "Find numeric relationships",
+            "Compute a Pearson correlation matrix for 2 to 12 distinct FULL numeric fields, using paired non-null records. Every cell includes n and parameters for the scatter endpoint; core pushes down CORR or uses bounded streaming.", "CorrelationRequest", "Correlation");
+      }
+
+      /*******************************************************************************
+       ** Execute with the calling session and versioned transport contract.
+       *******************************************************************************/
+      @Override
+      protected Object handle(JsonInput input) throws Exception
+      {
+         String tableName = input.getPathParam("table");
+         CorrelationRequest request = relationshipRequest(tableName, input.getBody(), CorrelationRequest.class).withTableName(tableName);
+         return (transport(DataAnalysisRuntime.service().correlation(request), RelationshipSchemas.DataAnalysisCorrelationV1.class));
+      }
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Return at most 2000 paired numeric points as the user, ordered by primary key when core query sampling is unavailable, plus a least-squares line fitted to the sample. Privacy disables individual drills and suppresses small populations.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public static class ScatterSpec extends ProfileSpec
+   {
+      /*******************************************************************************
+       ** Public constructor for endpoint and assistant discovery.
+       *******************************************************************************/
+      public ScatterSpec()
+      {
+         super("/tables/{table}/scatter", HttpMethod.POST, "Inspect a numeric relationship",
+            "Return at most 2000 paired numeric points as the user, ordered by primary key when core query sampling is unavailable, plus a least-squares line fitted to the sample. Privacy disables individual drills and suppresses small populations.", "ScatterRequest", "Scatter");
+      }
+
+      /*******************************************************************************
+       ** Execute with the calling session and versioned transport contract.
+       *******************************************************************************/
+      @Override
+      protected Object handle(JsonInput input) throws Exception
+      {
+         String tableName = input.getPathParam("table");
+         ScatterRequest request = relationshipRequest(tableName, input.getBody(), ScatterRequest.class).withTableName(tableName);
+         return (transport(DataAnalysisRuntime.service().scatter(request), RelationshipSchemas.DataAnalysisScatterV1.class));
+      }
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Count combinations of two FULL fields with row and column shares, up to 20 categories per axis plus Other. Test independence using chi-square and Cramer V after pooling low expected counts; privacy suppresses small cells and their drills.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public static class CrosstabSpec extends ProfileSpec
+   {
+      /*******************************************************************************
+       ** Public constructor for endpoint and assistant discovery.
+       *******************************************************************************/
+      public CrosstabSpec()
+      {
+         super("/tables/{table}/crosstab", HttpMethod.POST, "Cross-tabulate two fields",
+            "Count combinations of two FULL fields with row and column shares, up to 20 categories per axis plus Other. Test independence using chi-square and Cramer V after pooling low expected counts; privacy suppresses small cells and their drills.", "CrosstabRequest", "Crosstab");
+      }
+
+      /*******************************************************************************
+       ** Execute with the calling session and versioned transport contract.
+       *******************************************************************************/
+      @Override
+      protected Object handle(JsonInput input) throws Exception
+      {
+         String tableName = input.getPathParam("table");
+         CrosstabRequest request = relationshipRequest(tableName, input.getBody(), CrosstabRequest.class).withTableName(tableName);
+         return (transport(DataAnalysisRuntime.service().crosstab(request), RelationshipSchemas.DataAnalysisCrosstabV1.class));
+      }
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Read-only watch preview; standard table endpoints own watch CRUD.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public static class WatchPreviewSpec extends ProfileSpec
+   {
+      /*******************************************************************************
+       ** Publish a side-effect-free detector preview for a saved watch.
+       *******************************************************************************/
+      public WatchPreviewSpec()
+      {
+         super("/watches/{id}/preview", HttpMethod.POST, "Preview an anomaly watch",
+            "Compute complete time buckets and a detector verdict under the signed-in user's READ, Analyze and FULL-field permissions. Includes a baseline band annotation. Does not update the watch or raise alerts.", null, "WatchPreview");
+      }
+
+      /*******************************************************************************
+       ** Missing or inaccessible watch ids return the same not-found response.
+       *******************************************************************************/
+      @Override
+      protected Object handle(JsonInput input) throws Exception
+      {
+         Integer id;
+         try
+         {
+            id = Integer.valueOf(input.getPathParam("id"));
+         }
+         catch(NumberFormatException e)
+         {
+            throw new QBadRequestException("Watch id must be an integer.");
+         }
+         return (transport(DataAnalysisRuntime.watches().preview(id, java.time.Instant.now()), WatchSchemas.DataAnalysisWatchPreviewV1.class));
+      }
+   }
+}

src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/api/RelationshipSchemas.java

@@ -0,0 +1,663 @@
+/*
+ * QQQ - Low-code Application Framework for Engineers.
+ * Copyright (C) 2021-2025.  Kingsrook, LLC
+ * 651 N Broad St Ste 205 # 6917 | Middletown DE 19709 | United States
+ * contact@kingsrook.com
+ * https://github.com/Kingsrook/
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.api;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.query.QQueryFilter;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.middleware.javalin.schemabuilder.ToSchema;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.middleware.javalin.schemabuilder.annotations.OpenAPIDescription;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.openapi.model.Schema;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.openapi.model.Type;
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ ** Explicit version-one contracts for compare and relationships.
+ *******************************************************************************/
+public class RelationshipSchemas
+{
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Register every referenced response and request component.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public static Map<String, Schema> components()
+   {
+      Map<String, Schema> result = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+      result.put("DataAnalysisCompareRequestV1", new DataAnalysisCompareRequestV1().toSchema());
+      result.put("DataAnalysisShiftRequestV1", new DataAnalysisShiftRequestV1().toSchema());
+      result.put("DataAnalysisCorrelationRequestV1", new DataAnalysisCorrelationRequestV1().toSchema());
+      result.put("DataAnalysisScatterRequestV1", new DataAnalysisScatterRequestV1().toSchema());
+      result.put("DataAnalysisCrosstabRequestV1", new DataAnalysisCrosstabRequestV1().toSchema());
+      result.put("DataAnalysisSignificanceV1", new DataAnalysisSignificanceV1().toSchema());
+      result.put("DataAnalysisComparisonSideV1", new DataAnalysisComparisonSideV1().toSchema());
+      result.put("DataAnalysisComparisonValueV1", new DataAnalysisComparisonValueV1().toSchema());
+      result.put("DataAnalysisFieldComparisonV1", new DataAnalysisFieldComparisonV1().toSchema());
+      result.put("DataAnalysisCompareV1", new DataAnalysisCompareV1().toSchema());
+      result.put("DataAnalysisShiftBucketV1", new DataAnalysisShiftBucketV1().toSchema());
+      result.put("DataAnalysisShiftV1", new DataAnalysisShiftV1().toSchema());
+      result.put("DataAnalysisCorrelationCellV1", new DataAnalysisCorrelationCellV1().toSchema());
+      result.put("DataAnalysisCorrelationV1", new DataAnalysisCorrelationV1().toSchema());
+      result.put("DataAnalysisTrendLineV1", new DataAnalysisTrendLineV1().toSchema());
+      result.put("DataAnalysisScatterV1", new DataAnalysisScatterV1().toSchema());
+      result.put("DataAnalysisCrosstabCellV1", new DataAnalysisCrosstabCellV1().toSchema());
+      result.put("DataAnalysisCrosstabV1", new DataAnalysisCrosstabV1().toSchema());
+      return (result);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Reuse the common metric, filter and chart contracts.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   private static Schema ref(String name)
+   {
+      return (new Schema().withRef("#/components/schemas/" + name));
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** CompareRequest version-one transport model.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public static class DataAnalysisCompareRequestV1 implements ToSchema
+   {
+      @OpenAPIDescription("Population A filter; null selects the whole permitted table.")
+      public QQueryFilter filterA;
+
+      @OpenAPIDescription("Population B filter; null selects the whole permitted table.")
+      public QQueryFilter filterB;
+
+      @OpenAPIDescription("Display name of population A; default A.")
+      public String labelA;
+
+      @OpenAPIDescription("Display name of population B; default B.")
+      public String labelB;
+
+      @OpenAPIDescription("Distinct FULL fields to analyze; correlation requires 2 to 12 numeric fields.")
+      public List<String> fields;
+
+      /*******************************************************************************
+       ** Explicit references preserve the standalone OpenAPI fragment.
+       *******************************************************************************/
+      @Override
+      public Schema toSchema()
+      {
+         Map<String, Schema> properties = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+         properties.put("filterA", ref("QueryFilter").withDescription("Population A filter; null selects the whole permitted table.").withNullable(true));
+         properties.put("filterB", ref("QueryFilter").withDescription("Population B filter; null selects the whole permitted table.").withNullable(true));
+         properties.put("labelA", new Schema().withType(Type.STRING).withDescription("Display name of population A; default A."));
+         properties.put("labelB", new Schema().withType(Type.STRING).withDescription("Display name of population B; default B."));
+         properties.put("fields", new Schema().withType(Type.ARRAY).withItems(new Schema().withType(Type.STRING)).withDescription("Distinct FULL fields to analyze; correlation requires 2 to 12 numeric fields."));
+         return (new DataAnalysisSchemas.RequiredSchema(List.of("fields")).withType(Type.OBJECT).withProperties(properties));
+      }
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** ShiftRequest version-one transport model.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public static class DataAnalysisShiftRequestV1 implements ToSchema
+   {
+      @OpenAPIDescription("Current-user query filter; record locks and core field rules apply.")
+      public QQueryFilter filter;
+
+      @OpenAPIDescription("FULL field whose distribution is compared over time.")
+      public String field;
+
+      @OpenAPIDescription("FULL DATE or DATE_TIME field for session-timezone calendar buckets.")
+      public String dateField;
+
+      @OpenAPIDescription("Calendar unit: HOUR, DAY, WEEK, MONTH, QUARTER or YEAR; default MONTH.")
+      public String bucket;
+
+      /*******************************************************************************
+       ** Explicit references preserve the standalone OpenAPI fragment.
+       *******************************************************************************/
+      @Override
+      public Schema toSchema()
+      {
+         Map<String, Schema> properties = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+         properties.put("filter", ref("QueryFilter").withDescription("Current-user query filter; record locks and core field rules apply.").withNullable(true));
+         properties.put("field", new Schema().withType(Type.STRING).withDescription("FULL field whose distribution is compared over time."));
+         properties.put("dateField", new Schema().withType(Type.STRING).withDescription("FULL DATE or DATE_TIME field for session-timezone calendar buckets."));
+         properties.put("bucket", new Schema().withType(Type.STRING).withDescription("Calendar unit: HOUR, DAY, WEEK, MONTH, QUARTER or YEAR; default MONTH."));
+         return (new DataAnalysisSchemas.RequiredSchema(List.of("field", "dateField")).withType(Type.OBJECT).withProperties(properties));
+      }
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** CorrelationRequest version-one transport model.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public static class DataAnalysisCorrelationRequestV1 implements ToSchema
+   {
+      @OpenAPIDescription("Current-user query filter; record locks and core field rules apply.")
+      public QQueryFilter filter;
+
+      @OpenAPIDescription("Distinct FULL fields to analyze; correlation requires 2 to 12 numeric fields.")
+      public List<String> fields;
+
+      /*******************************************************************************
+       ** Explicit references preserve the standalone OpenAPI fragment.
+       *******************************************************************************/
+      @Override
+      public Schema toSchema()
+      {
+         Map<String, Schema> properties = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+         properties.put("filter", ref("QueryFilter").withDescription("Current-user query filter; record locks and core field rules apply.").withNullable(true));
+         properties.put("fields", new Schema().withType(Type.ARRAY).withItems(new Schema().withType(Type.STRING)).withDescription("Distinct FULL fields to analyze; correlation requires 2 to 12 numeric fields."));
+         return (new DataAnalysisSchemas.RequiredSchema(List.of("fields")).withType(Type.OBJECT).withProperties(properties));
+      }
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** ScatterRequest version-one transport model.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public static class DataAnalysisScatterRequestV1 implements ToSchema
+   {
+      @OpenAPIDescription("Table for the scatter link; route parameter takes precedence.")
+      public String tableName;
+
+      @OpenAPIDescription("Compatibility flag; scatter always returns the bounded sample.")
+      public Boolean exact;
+      @OpenAPIDescription("Current-user query filter; record locks and core field rules apply.")
+      public QQueryFilter filter;
+
+      @OpenAPIDescription("FULL numeric field on the x axis.")
+      public String xField;
+
+      @OpenAPIDescription("FULL numeric field on the y axis.")
+      public String yField;
+
+      @OpenAPIDescription("Maximum sample points (1 to 2000, default 2000) or kept crosstab categories per axis (1 to 20, default 20).")
+      public Integer limit;
+
+      /*******************************************************************************
+       ** Explicit references preserve the standalone OpenAPI fragment.
+       *******************************************************************************/
+      @Override
+      public Schema toSchema()
+      {
+         Map<String, Schema> properties = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+         properties.put("tableName", new Schema().withType(Type.STRING).withDescription("Table for the scatter link; route parameter takes precedence.").withNullable(true));
+         properties.put("exact", new Schema().withType(Type.BOOLEAN).withDescription("Compatibility flag; scatter always returns the bounded sample.").withNullable(true));
+         properties.put("filter", ref("QueryFilter").withDescription("Current-user query filter; record locks and core field rules apply.").withNullable(true));
+         properties.put("xField", new Schema().withType(Type.STRING).withDescription("FULL numeric field on the x axis."));
+         properties.put("yField", new Schema().withType(Type.STRING).withDescription("FULL numeric field on the y axis."));
+         properties.put("limit", new Schema().withType(Type.INTEGER).withDescription("Maximum sample points (1 to 2000, default 2000) or kept crosstab categories per axis (1 to 20, default 20)."));
+         return (new DataAnalysisSchemas.RequiredSchema(List.of("xField", "yField")).withType(Type.OBJECT).withProperties(properties));
+      }
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** CrosstabRequest version-one transport model.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public static class DataAnalysisCrosstabRequestV1 implements ToSchema
+   {
+      @OpenAPIDescription("Current-user query filter; record locks and core field rules apply.")
+      public QQueryFilter filter;
+
+      @OpenAPIDescription("FULL field defining crosstab rows.")
+      public String rowField;
+
+      @OpenAPIDescription("FULL field defining crosstab columns.")
+      public String columnField;
+
+      @OpenAPIDescription("Maximum sample points (1 to 2000, default 2000) or kept crosstab categories per axis (1 to 20, default 20).")
+      public Integer limit;
+
+      /*******************************************************************************
+       ** Explicit references preserve the standalone OpenAPI fragment.
+       *******************************************************************************/
+      @Override
+      public Schema toSchema()
+      {
+         Map<String, Schema> properties = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+         properties.put("filter", ref("QueryFilter").withDescription("Current-user query filter; record locks and core field rules apply.").withNullable(true));
+         properties.put("rowField", new Schema().withType(Type.STRING).withDescription("FULL field defining crosstab rows."));
+         properties.put("columnField", new Schema().withType(Type.STRING).withDescription("FULL field defining crosstab columns."));
+         properties.put("limit", new Schema().withType(Type.INTEGER).withDescription("Maximum sample points (1 to 2000, default 2000) or kept crosstab categories per axis (1 to 20, default 20)."));
+         return (new DataAnalysisSchemas.RequiredSchema(List.of("rowField", "columnField")).withType(Type.OBJECT).withProperties(properties));
+      }
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Significance version-one transport model.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public static class DataAnalysisSignificanceV1 implements ToSchema
+   {
+      @OpenAPIDescription("Test.")
+      public String test;
+
+      @OpenAPIDescription("Statistic.")
+      public Double statistic;
+
+      @OpenAPIDescription("Degrees of freedom; null when undefined.")
+      public Double df;
+
+      @OpenAPIDescription("Two-sided p-value; p >= 0.05 is never significant.")
+      public Double pValue;
+
+      @OpenAPIDescription("Whether all test validity and privacy requirements hold.")
+      public Boolean applicable;
+
+      @OpenAPIDescription("Plain-language result or reason the statistic is not applicable.")
+      public String sentence;
+
+      @OpenAPIDescription("Cramer association strength computed on the pooled contingency table; null when invalid.")
+      public Double cramersV;
+
+      /*******************************************************************************
+       ** Explicit references preserve the standalone OpenAPI fragment.
+       *******************************************************************************/
+      @Override
+      public Schema toSchema()
+      {
+         Map<String, Schema> properties = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+         properties.put("test", new Schema().withType(Type.STRING).withDescription("Test.").withNullable(true));
+         properties.put("statistic", new Schema().withType(Type.NUMBER).withDescription("Statistic.").withNullable(true));
+         properties.put("df", new Schema().withType(Type.NUMBER).withDescription("Degrees of freedom; null when undefined.").withNullable(true));
+         properties.put("pValue", new Schema().withType(Type.NUMBER).withDescription("Two-sided p-value; p >= 0.05 is never significant.").withNullable(true));
+         properties.put("applicable", new Schema().withType(Type.BOOLEAN).withDescription("Whether all test validity and privacy requirements hold.").withNullable(true));
+         properties.put("sentence", new Schema().withType(Type.STRING).withDescription("Plain-language result or reason the statistic is not applicable.").withNullable(true));
+         properties.put("cramersV", new Schema().withType(Type.NUMBER).withDescription("Cramer association strength computed on the pooled contingency table; null when invalid.").withNullable(true));
+         return (new Schema().withType(Type.OBJECT).withProperties(properties));
+      }
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** ComparisonSide version-one transport model.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public static class DataAnalysisComparisonSideV1 implements ToSchema
+   {
+      @OpenAPIDescription("Label.")
+      public String label;
+
+      @OpenAPIDescription("Typed metrics with exact population drills unless privacy suppresses them.")
+      public List<DataAnalysisSchemas.DataAnalysisMetricV1> metrics;
+
+      /*******************************************************************************
+       ** Explicit references preserve the standalone OpenAPI fragment.
+       *******************************************************************************/
+      @Override
+      public Schema toSchema()
+      {
+         Map<String, Schema> properties = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+         properties.put("label", new Schema().withType(Type.STRING).withDescription("Label.").withNullable(true));
+         properties.put("metrics", new Schema().withType(Type.ARRAY).withItems(ref("DataAnalysisMetricV1")).withDescription("Typed metrics with exact population drills unless privacy suppresses them.").withNullable(true));
+         return (new Schema().withType(Type.OBJECT).withProperties(properties));
+      }
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** ComparisonValue version-one transport model.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public static class DataAnalysisComparisonValueV1 implements ToSchema
+   {
+      @OpenAPIDescription("Value.")
+      public Serializable value;
+
+      @OpenAPIDescription("Label.")
+      public String label;
+
+      @OpenAPIDescription("Side a.")
+      public DataAnalysisComparisonSideV1 sideA;
+
+      @OpenAPIDescription("Side b.")
+      public DataAnalysisComparisonSideV1 sideB;
+
+      @OpenAPIDescription("B minus A, in original units (share differences are fractions).")
+      public DataAnalysisSchemas.DataAnalysisMetricV1 delta;
+
+      @OpenAPIDescription("(B minus A) divided by absolute A, a fraction; null at a zero baseline.")
+      public DataAnalysisSchemas.DataAnalysisMetricV1 percentDelta;
+
+      @OpenAPIDescription("Test assumptions, two-sided p-value, degrees of freedom and plain-language conclusion.")
+      public DataAnalysisSignificanceV1 significance;
+
+      /*******************************************************************************
+       ** Explicit references preserve the standalone OpenAPI fragment.
+       *******************************************************************************/
+      @Override
+      public Schema toSchema()
+      {
+         Map<String, Schema> properties = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+         properties.put("value", new Schema().withDescription("Value.").withNullable(true));
+         properties.put("label", new Schema().withType(Type.STRING).withDescription("Label.").withNullable(true));
+         properties.put("sideA", ref("DataAnalysisComparisonSideV1").withDescription("Side a.").withNullable(true));
+         properties.put("sideB", ref("DataAnalysisComparisonSideV1").withDescription("Side b.").withNullable(true));
+         properties.put("delta", ref("DataAnalysisMetricV1").withDescription("B minus A, in original units (share differences are fractions).").withNullable(true));
+         properties.put("percentDelta", ref("DataAnalysisMetricV1").withDescription("(B minus A) divided by absolute A, a fraction; null at a zero baseline.").withNullable(true));
+         properties.put("significance", ref("DataAnalysisSignificanceV1").withDescription("Test assumptions, two-sided p-value, degrees of freedom and plain-language conclusion.").withNullable(true));
+         return (new Schema().withType(Type.OBJECT).withProperties(properties));
+      }
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** FieldComparison version-one transport model.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public static class DataAnalysisFieldComparisonV1 implements ToSchema
+   {
+      @OpenAPIDescription("FULL field whose distribution is compared over time.")
+      public String field;
+
+      @OpenAPIDescription("Values.")
+      public List<DataAnalysisComparisonValueV1> values;
+
+      @OpenAPIDescription("Test assumptions, two-sided p-value, degrees of freedom and plain-language conclusion.")
+      public DataAnalysisSignificanceV1 significance;
+
+      @OpenAPIDescription("Semantic series; category comparisons are grouped and category time series are stacked.")
+      public DataAnalysisSchemas.DataAnalysisChartV1 chart;
+
+      /*******************************************************************************
+       ** Explicit references preserve the standalone OpenAPI fragment.
+       *******************************************************************************/
+      @Override
+      public Schema toSchema()
+      {
+         Map<String, Schema> properties = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+         properties.put("field", new Schema().withType(Type.STRING).withDescription("FULL field whose distribution is compared over time.").withNullable(true));
+         properties.put("values", new Schema().withType(Type.ARRAY).withItems(ref("DataAnalysisComparisonValueV1")).withDescription("Values.").withNullable(true));
+         properties.put("significance", ref("DataAnalysisSignificanceV1").withDescription("Test assumptions, two-sided p-value, degrees of freedom and plain-language conclusion.").withNullable(true));
+         properties.put("chart", ref("DataAnalysisChartV1").withDescription("Semantic series; category comparisons are grouped and category time series are stacked.").withNullable(true));
+         return (new Schema().withType(Type.OBJECT).withProperties(properties));
+      }
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** CompareResult version-one transport model.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public static class DataAnalysisCompareV1 implements ToSchema
+   {
+      @OpenAPIDescription("Distinct FULL fields to analyze; correlation requires 2 to 12 numeric fields.")
+      public List<DataAnalysisFieldComparisonV1> fields;
+
+      /*******************************************************************************
+       ** Explicit references preserve the standalone OpenAPI fragment.
+       *******************************************************************************/
+      @Override
+      public Schema toSchema()
+      {
+         Map<String, Schema> properties = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+         properties.put("fields", new Schema().withType(Type.ARRAY).withItems(ref("DataAnalysisFieldComparisonV1")).withDescription("Distinct FULL fields to analyze; correlation requires 2 to 12 numeric fields.").withNullable(true));
+         return (new Schema().withType(Type.OBJECT).withProperties(properties));
+      }
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** ShiftBucket version-one transport model.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public static class DataAnalysisShiftBucketV1 implements ToSchema
+   {
+      @OpenAPIDescription("Value.")
+      public Serializable value;
+
+      @OpenAPIDescription("Label.")
+      public String label;
+
+      @OpenAPIDescription("True when the calendar bucket end has passed in the session timezone.")
+      public Boolean complete;
+
+      @OpenAPIDescription("Typed metrics with exact population drills unless privacy suppresses them.")
+      public List<DataAnalysisSchemas.DataAnalysisMetricV1> metrics;
+
+      /*******************************************************************************
+       ** Explicit references preserve the standalone OpenAPI fragment.
+       *******************************************************************************/
+      @Override
+      public Schema toSchema()
+      {
+         Map<String, Schema> properties = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+         properties.put("value", new Schema().withDescription("Value.").withNullable(true));
+         properties.put("label", new Schema().withType(Type.STRING).withDescription("Label.").withNullable(true));
+         properties.put("complete", new Schema().withType(Type.BOOLEAN).withDescription("True when the calendar bucket end has passed in the session timezone.").withNullable(true));
+         properties.put("metrics", new Schema().withType(Type.ARRAY).withItems(ref("DataAnalysisMetricV1")).withDescription("Typed metrics with exact population drills unless privacy suppresses them.").withNullable(true));
+         return (new Schema().withType(Type.OBJECT).withProperties(properties));
+      }
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** ShiftResult version-one transport model.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public static class DataAnalysisShiftV1 implements ToSchema
+   {
+      @OpenAPIDescription("Buckets.")
+      public List<DataAnalysisShiftBucketV1> buckets;
+
+      @OpenAPIDescription("Population stability index, null when inapplicable; zero shares are floored at 0.000001.")
+      public DataAnalysisSchemas.DataAnalysisMetricV1 psi;
+
+      @OpenAPIDescription("Plain-language result or reason the statistic is not applicable.")
+      public String sentence;
+
+      @OpenAPIDescription("Semantic series; category comparisons are grouped and category time series are stacked.")
+      public DataAnalysisSchemas.DataAnalysisChartV1 chart;
+
+      /*******************************************************************************
+       ** Explicit references preserve the standalone OpenAPI fragment.
+       *******************************************************************************/
+      @Override
+      public Schema toSchema()
+      {
+         Map<String, Schema> properties = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+         properties.put("buckets", new Schema().withType(Type.ARRAY).withItems(ref("DataAnalysisShiftBucketV1")).withDescription("Buckets.").withNullable(true));
+         properties.put("psi", ref("DataAnalysisMetricV1").withDescription("Population stability index, null when inapplicable; zero shares are floored at 0.000001.").withNullable(true));
+         properties.put("sentence", new Schema().withType(Type.STRING).withDescription("Plain-language result or reason the statistic is not applicable.").withNullable(true));
+         properties.put("chart", ref("DataAnalysisChartV1").withDescription("Semantic series; category comparisons are grouped and category time series are stacked.").withNullable(true));
+         return (new Schema().withType(Type.OBJECT).withProperties(properties));
+      }
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** CorrelationCell version-one transport model.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public static class DataAnalysisCorrelationCellV1 implements ToSchema
+   {
+      @OpenAPIDescription("FULL numeric field on the x axis.")
+      public String xField;
+
+      @OpenAPIDescription("FULL numeric field on the y axis.")
+      public String yField;
+
+      @OpenAPIDescription("Pairwise non-null population count; null when privacy suppresses it.")
+      public Long n;
+
+      @OpenAPIDescription("Pearson correlation; null for insufficient data, zero variance or privacy suppression.")
+      public Double r;
+
+      @OpenAPIDescription("POST the included parameters to the table scatter endpoint.")
+      public DataAnalysisScatterRequestV1 scatter;
+
+      /*******************************************************************************
+       ** Explicit references preserve the standalone OpenAPI fragment.
+       *******************************************************************************/
+      @Override
+      public Schema toSchema()
+      {
+         Map<String, Schema> properties = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+         properties.put("xField", new Schema().withType(Type.STRING).withDescription("FULL numeric field on the x axis.").withNullable(true));
+         properties.put("yField", new Schema().withType(Type.STRING).withDescription("FULL numeric field on the y axis.").withNullable(true));
+         properties.put("n", new Schema().withType(Type.INTEGER).withDescription("Pairwise non-null population count; null when privacy suppresses it.").withNullable(true));
+         properties.put("r", new Schema().withType(Type.NUMBER).withDescription("Pearson correlation; null for insufficient data, zero variance or privacy suppression.").withNullable(true));
+         properties.put("scatter", ref("DataAnalysisScatterRequestV1").withDescription("POST the included parameters to the table scatter endpoint.").withNullable(true));
+         return (new Schema().withType(Type.OBJECT).withProperties(properties));
+      }
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** CorrelationResult version-one transport model.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public static class DataAnalysisCorrelationV1 implements ToSchema
+   {
+      @OpenAPIDescription("Distinct FULL fields to analyze; correlation requires 2 to 12 numeric fields.")
+      public List<String> fields;
+
+      @OpenAPIDescription("Cells.")
+      public List<DataAnalysisCorrelationCellV1> cells;
+
+      @OpenAPIDescription("Semantic series; category comparisons are grouped and category time series are stacked.")
+      public DataAnalysisSchemas.DataAnalysisChartV1 chart;
+
+      /*******************************************************************************
+       ** Explicit references preserve the standalone OpenAPI fragment.
+       *******************************************************************************/
+      @Override
+      public Schema toSchema()
+      {
+         Map<String, Schema> properties = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+         properties.put("fields", new Schema().withType(Type.ARRAY).withItems(new Schema().withType(Type.STRING)).withDescription("Distinct FULL fields to analyze; correlation requires 2 to 12 numeric fields.").withNullable(true));
+         properties.put("cells", new Schema().withType(Type.ARRAY).withItems(ref("DataAnalysisCorrelationCellV1")).withDescription("Cells.").withNullable(true));
+         properties.put("chart", ref("DataAnalysisChartV1").withDescription("Semantic series; category comparisons are grouped and category time series are stacked.").withNullable(true));
+         return (new Schema().withType(Type.OBJECT).withProperties(properties));
+      }
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** TrendLine version-one transport model.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public static class DataAnalysisTrendLineV1 implements ToSchema
+   {
+      @OpenAPIDescription("Slope.")
+      public Double slope;
+
+      @OpenAPIDescription("Intercept.")
+      public Double intercept;
+
+      @OpenAPIDescription("Pearson correlation; null for insufficient data, zero variance or privacy suppression.")
+      public Double r;
+
+      /*******************************************************************************
+       ** Explicit references preserve the standalone OpenAPI fragment.
+       *******************************************************************************/
+      @Override
+      public Schema toSchema()
+      {
+         Map<String, Schema> properties = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+         properties.put("slope", new Schema().withType(Type.NUMBER).withDescription("Slope.").withNullable(true));
+         properties.put("intercept", new Schema().withType(Type.NUMBER).withDescription("Intercept.").withNullable(true));
+         properties.put("r", new Schema().withType(Type.NUMBER).withDescription("Pearson correlation; null for insufficient data, zero variance or privacy suppression.").withNullable(true));
+         return (new Schema().withType(Type.OBJECT).withProperties(properties));
+      }
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** ScatterResult version-one transport model.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public static class DataAnalysisScatterV1 implements ToSchema
+   {
+      @OpenAPIDescription("Pairwise non-null population count; null when privacy suppresses it.")
+      public Long n;
+
+      @OpenAPIDescription("Number of displayed paired records.")
+      public Integer sampleSize;
+
+      @OpenAPIDescription("Sampling method; core query currently uses a deterministic primary-key prefix.")
+      public String sampling;
+
+      @OpenAPIDescription("Points.")
+      public List<DataAnalysisSchemas.DataAnalysisPointV1> points;
+
+      @OpenAPIDescription("Least-squares slope, intercept and r fitted to the displayed sample.")
+      public DataAnalysisTrendLineV1 trend;
+
+      @OpenAPIDescription("Semantic series; category comparisons are grouped and category time series are stacked.")
+      public DataAnalysisSchemas.DataAnalysisChartV1 chart;
+
+      /*******************************************************************************
+       ** Explicit references preserve the standalone OpenAPI fragment.
+       *******************************************************************************/
+      @Override
+      public Schema toSchema()
+      {
+         Map<String, Schema> properties = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+         properties.put("n", new Schema().withType(Type.INTEGER).withDescription("Pairwise non-null population count; null when privacy suppresses it.").withNullable(true));
+         properties.put("sampleSize", new Schema().withType(Type.INTEGER).withDescription("Number of displayed paired records.").withNullable(true));
+         properties.put("sampling", new Schema().withType(Type.STRING).withDescription("Sampling method; core query currently uses a deterministic primary-key prefix.").withNullable(true));
+         properties.put("points", new Schema().withType(Type.ARRAY).withItems(ref("DataAnalysisPointV1")).withDescription("Points.").withNullable(true));
+         properties.put("trend", ref("DataAnalysisTrendLineV1").withDescription("Least-squares slope, intercept and r fitted to the displayed sample.").withNullable(true));
+         properties.put("chart", ref("DataAnalysisChartV1").withDescription("Semantic series; category comparisons are grouped and category time series are stacked.").withNullable(true));
+         return (new Schema().withType(Type.OBJECT).withProperties(properties));
+      }
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** CrosstabCell version-one transport model.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public static class DataAnalysisCrosstabCellV1 implements ToSchema
+   {
+      @OpenAPIDescription("Row index.")
+      public Integer rowIndex;
+
+      @OpenAPIDescription("Column index.")
+      public Integer columnIndex;
+
+      @OpenAPIDescription("Cell count with its exact drill, or a suppressed metric.")
+      public DataAnalysisSchemas.DataAnalysisMetricV1 count;
+
+      @OpenAPIDescription("Cell count divided by row total; suppressed if it could disclose a hidden cell.")
+      public DataAnalysisSchemas.DataAnalysisMetricV1 rowShare;
+
+      @OpenAPIDescription("Cell count divided by column total; suppressed if it could disclose a hidden cell.")
+      public DataAnalysisSchemas.DataAnalysisMetricV1 columnShare;
+
+      /*******************************************************************************
+       ** Explicit references preserve the standalone OpenAPI fragment.
+       *******************************************************************************/
+      @Override
+      public Schema toSchema()
+      {
+         Map<String, Schema> properties = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+         properties.put("rowIndex", new Schema().withType(Type.INTEGER).withDescription("Row index.").withNullable(true));
+         properties.put("columnIndex", new Schema().withType(Type.INTEGER).withDescription("Column index.").withNullable(true));
+         properties.put("count", ref("DataAnalysisMetricV1").withDescription("Cell count with its exact drill, or a suppressed metric.").withNullable(true));
+         properties.put("rowShare", ref("DataAnalysisMetricV1").withDescription("Cell count divided by row total; suppressed if it could disclose a hidden cell.").withNullable(true));
+         properties.put("columnShare", ref("DataAnalysisMetricV1").withDescription("Cell count divided by column total; suppressed if it could disclose a hidden cell.").withNullable(true));
+         return (new Schema().withType(Type.OBJECT).withProperties(properties));
+      }
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** CrosstabResult version-one transport model.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public static class DataAnalysisCrosstabV1 implements ToSchema
+   {
+      @OpenAPIDescription("Rows.")
+      public List<DataAnalysisSchemas.DataAnalysisPivotHeaderV1> rows;
+
+      @OpenAPIDescription("Columns.")
+      public List<DataAnalysisSchemas.DataAnalysisPivotHeaderV1> columns;
+
+      @OpenAPIDescription("Cells.")
+      public List<DataAnalysisCrosstabCellV1> cells;
+
+      @OpenAPIDescription("Test assumptions, two-sided p-value, degrees of freedom and plain-language conclusion.")
+      public DataAnalysisSignificanceV1 significance;
+
+      /*******************************************************************************
+       ** Explicit references preserve the standalone OpenAPI fragment.
+       *******************************************************************************/
+      @Override
+      public Schema toSchema()
+      {
+         Map<String, Schema> properties = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+         properties.put("rows", new Schema().withType(Type.ARRAY).withItems(ref("DataAnalysisPivotHeaderV1")).withDescription("Rows.").withNullable(true));
+         properties.put("columns", new Schema().withType(Type.ARRAY).withItems(ref("DataAnalysisPivotHeaderV1")).withDescription("Columns.").withNullable(true));
+         properties.put("cells", new Schema().withType(Type.ARRAY).withItems(ref("DataAnalysisCrosstabCellV1")).withDescription("Cells.").withNullable(true));
+         properties.put("significance", ref("DataAnalysisSignificanceV1").withDescription("Test assumptions, two-sided p-value, degrees of freedom and plain-language conclusion.").withNullable(true));
+         return (new Schema().withType(Type.OBJECT).withProperties(properties));
+      }
+   }
+}

src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/api/WatchSchemas.java

@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+/*
+ * QQQ - Low-code Application Framework for Engineers.
+ * Copyright (C) 2021-2025.  Kingsrook, LLC
+ * 651 N Broad St Ste 205 # 6917 | Middletown DE 19709 | United States
+ * contact@kingsrook.com
+ * https://github.com/Kingsrook/
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.api;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.middleware.javalin.schemabuilder.ToSchema;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.openapi.model.Schema;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.openapi.model.Type;
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ ** Standalone watch preview contracts referencing the existing chart and drill.
+ *******************************************************************************/
+public class WatchSchemas
+{
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Register every referenced version-one watch response component.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public static Map<String, Schema> components()
+   {
+      return (Map.of("DataAnalysisWatchPreviewV1", new DataAnalysisWatchPreviewV1().toSchema(),
+         "DataAnalysisWatchBucketV1", new DataAnalysisWatchBucketV1().toSchema(),
+         "DataAnalysisWatchVerdictV1", new DataAnalysisWatchVerdictV1().toSchema()));
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** One complete bucket; suppressed series never expose categories or drills.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public static class DataAnalysisWatchBucketV1 implements ToSchema
+   {
+      public Serializable start;
+      public Double value;
+      public List<String> categories;
+      public DataAnalysisSchemas.DataAnalysisDrillV1 drill;
+
+      /*******************************************************************************
+       ** Explicit nullable types and component references.
+       *******************************************************************************/
+      @Override
+      public Schema toSchema()
+      {
+         Map<String, Schema> properties = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+         properties.put("start", new Schema().withType(Type.STRING).withDescription("Calendar date or hour-start instant in the user's time zone."));
+         properties.put("value", new Schema().withType(Type.NUMBER).withNullable(true));
+         properties.put("categories", new Schema().withType(Type.ARRAY).withItems(new Schema().withType(Type.STRING)));
+         properties.put("drill", new Schema().withRef("#/components/schemas/DataAnalysisDrillV1").withNullable(true));
+         return (new Schema().withType(Type.OBJECT).withProperties(properties));
+      }
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Unevaluated means no state change; baseline bounds describe the annotation.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public static class DataAnalysisWatchVerdictV1 implements ToSchema
+   {
+      public Boolean evaluated;
+      public Boolean firing;
+      public Double value;
+      public Double baseline;
+      public Double baselineLow;
+      public Double baselineHigh;
+      public String message;
+      public DataAnalysisSchemas.DataAnalysisDrillV1 drill;
+
+      /*******************************************************************************
+       ** Carry numeric baseline bounds as well as the plain-English explanation.
+       *******************************************************************************/
+      @Override
+      public Schema toSchema()
+      {
+         Map<String, Schema> properties = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+         properties.put("evaluated", new Schema().withType(Type.BOOLEAN).withDescription("False for insufficient history or privacy suppression; must not resolve an alert."));
+         properties.put("firing", new Schema().withType(Type.BOOLEAN));
+         for(String field : List.of("value", "baseline", "baselineLow", "baselineHigh"))
+         {
+            properties.put(field, new Schema().withType(Type.NUMBER).withNullable(true));
+         }
+         properties.put("message", new Schema().withType(Type.STRING));
+         properties.put("drill", new Schema().withRef("#/components/schemas/DataAnalysisDrillV1").withNullable(true));
+         return (new Schema().withType(Type.OBJECT).withProperties(properties));
+      }
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Complete preview, using the same semantic chart as other analysis endpoints.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public static class DataAnalysisWatchPreviewV1 implements ToSchema
+   {
+      public List<DataAnalysisWatchBucketV1> series;
+      public DataAnalysisSchemas.DataAnalysisChartV1 chart;
+      public DataAnalysisWatchVerdictV1 verdict;
+
+      /*******************************************************************************
+       ** Stable references let clients vendor this fragment without middleware.
+       *******************************************************************************/
+      @Override
+      public Schema toSchema()
+      {
+         Map<String, Schema> properties = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+         properties.put("series", new Schema().withType(Type.ARRAY).withItems(new Schema().withRef("#/components/schemas/DataAnalysisWatchBucketV1")));
+         properties.put("chart", new Schema().withRef("#/components/schemas/DataAnalysisChartV1").withDescription("TIME_SERIES with baseline band annotations."));
+         properties.put("verdict", new Schema().withRef("#/components/schemas/DataAnalysisWatchVerdictV1"));
+         return (new Schema().withType(Type.OBJECT).withProperties(properties));
+      }
+   }
+}

src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/app/DataAnalysisHome.java

@@ -22,26 +22,33 @@ package com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.app;
 
 
 import java.time.Instant;
-import java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit;
+import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Locale;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
 import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.DataAnalysisQBitConfig;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.engine.AnalysisFormatting;
 import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.model.DataAnalysisTables;
 import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.actions.dashboard.widgets.AbstractWidgetRenderer;
 import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.actions.permissions.PermissionEnforcement;
 import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.actions.permissions.PermissionsHelper;
 import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.actions.permissions.TablePermissionSubType;
 import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.actions.tables.CountAction;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.actions.tables.QueryAction;
 import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.context.QContext;
 import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.exceptions.QException;
 import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.count.CountInput;
 import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.query.QCriteriaOperator;
 import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.query.QFilterCriteria;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.query.QFilterOrderBy;
 import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.query.QQueryFilter;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.query.QueryInput;
 import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.query.QueryJoin;
 import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.widgets.RenderWidgetInput;
 import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.widgets.RenderWidgetOutput;
 import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.dashboard.widgets.RawHTML;
 import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.dashboard.widgets.WidgetType;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.data.QRecord;
 import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.code.QCodeReference;
 import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.dashboard.QWidgetMetaData;
 import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.layout.QAppMetaData;
@@ -93,7 +100,8 @@ public class DataAnalysisHome extends AbstractWidgetRenderer
 
 
    /*******************************************************************************
-    ** Standard QQQ widget renderer entry point.
+    ** RawHTML is carried as a JSON string by the HTML widget, not a text/html response.
+    ** Entities keep static separators independent of any host charset handling.
     *******************************************************************************/
    @Override
    public RenderWidgetOutput render(RenderWidgetInput input) throws QException
@@ -110,7 +118,7 @@ public class DataAnalysisHome extends AbstractWidgetRenderer
    {
       StringBuilder html = new StringBuilder("<div class=\"data-analysis-home\" style=\"display:grid;gap:1rem;min-width:0;overflow-wrap:anywhere\">");
       String userId = QContext.getQSession() == null || QContext.getQSession().getUser() == null ? null : QContext.getQSession().getUser().getIdReference();
-      html.append("<section><h2>Saved analyses</h2>");
+      html.append("<section><h3>Saved analyses</h3>");
       if(userId == null)
       {
          html.append("<p>Sign in to see your saved analyses and stars.</p>");
@@ -119,7 +127,7 @@ public class DataAnalysisHome extends AbstractWidgetRenderer
       {
          int mine = count(DataAnalysisTables.SAVED, equal("owner_user_id", userId));
          int shared = count(DataAnalysisTables.SAVED, equal("shared", true));
-         html.append("<p>Mine: ").append(mine).append(" · Shared (visible to you): ").append(shared).append("</p>");
+         html.append("<p>Mine: ").append(AnalysisFormatting.number(mine, 0)).append(" &middot; Shared (visible to you): ").append(AnalysisFormatting.number(shared, 0)).append("</p>");
          if(canRead(DataAnalysisTables.SAVED_STAR))
          {
             CountInput stars = new CountInput(DataAnalysisTables.SAVED).withIncludeDistinctCount(true)
@@ -127,28 +135,49 @@ public class DataAnalysisHome extends AbstractWidgetRenderer
                .withFilter(equal(DataAnalysisTables.SAVED_STAR + ".user_id", userId));
             stars.setPermissionEnforcement(PermissionEnforcement.ENFORCE);
             int starred = new CountAction().execute(stars).getDistinctCount();
-            html.append("<p>Starred by me: ").append(starred).append("</p>");
+            html.append("<p>Starred by me: ").append(AnalysisFormatting.number(starred, 0)).append("</p>");
          }
          if(mine == 0 && shared == 0)
          {
-            html.append("<p>No saved analyses yet. Saving analyses from the Analyze action is planned for a later release.</p>");
+            html.append("<p>No saved analyses yet. Open any table and choose Analyze on a column header to explore its data.</p>");
          }
-         html.append("<p>The Analyze action will be available in a later UI release.</p>");
          link(html, DataAnalysisTables.SAVED);
       }
       else
       {
          html.append("<p>Saved analyses are unavailable: you need data_analysis.saved.read.</p>");
       }
-      html.append("</section><section><h2>Watches</h2>");
+      html.append("</section><section><h3>Watches</h3>");
       if(canRead(DataAnalysisTables.WATCH))
       {
+         int total = count(DataAnalysisTables.WATCH, new QQueryFilter());
          int enabled = count(DataAnalysisTables.WATCH, equal("enabled", true));
          int firing = count(DataAnalysisTables.WATCH, equal("state", "FIRING"));
-         html.append("<p>Enabled: ").append(enabled).append(" · Firing: ").append(firing).append("</p>");
-         if(enabled == 0 && firing == 0)
+         html.append("<p>Total: ").append(AnalysisFormatting.number(total, 0)).append(" &middot; Enabled: ").append(AnalysisFormatting.number(enabled, 0)).append(" &middot; Firing: ").append(AnalysisFormatting.number(firing, 0)).append("</p>");
+         if(total == 0)
          {
-            html.append("<p>No active watches: watch evaluation is planned for phase e.</p>");
+            html.append("<p>No watches yet.</p>");
+         }
+         QueryInput watches = new QueryInput(DataAnalysisTables.WATCH).withShouldFetchHeavyFields(true)
+            .withFilter(new QQueryFilter().withOrderBy(new QFilterOrderBy("state", true)).withOrderBy(new QFilterOrderBy("id", false)).withLimit(5));
+         watches.setPermissionEnforcement(PermissionEnforcement.ENFORCE);
+         List<QRecord> recent = new QueryAction().execute(watches).getRecords();
+         if(!recent.isEmpty())
+         {
+            html.append("<ul>");
+            for(QRecord watch : recent)
+            {
+               String path = QContext.getQInstance().getTablePath(DataAnalysisTables.WATCH) + "/" + watch.getValueInteger("id");
+               html.append("<li><a href=\"").append(escape(path)).append("\">")
+                  .append(escape(words(watch.getValueString("state")))).append(" &middot; ")
+                  .append(escape(words(watch.getValueString("detector")))).append("</a>");
+               if(watch.getValueString("last_message") != null)
+               {
+                  html.append(" — ").append(escape(watch.getValueString("last_message")));
+               }
+               html.append("</li>");
+            }
+            html.append("</ul>");
          }
          link(html, DataAnalysisTables.WATCH);
       }
@@ -156,15 +185,37 @@ public class DataAnalysisHome extends AbstractWidgetRenderer
       {
          html.append("<p>Watches are unavailable: you need data_analysis.watch.read.</p>");
       }
-      html.append("</section><section><h2>Runs in the last 7 days</h2>");
-      if(canRead(DataAnalysisTables.RUN))
+      html.append("</section><section><h3>Recent analysis runs</h3>");
+      if(userId == null)
       {
-         int complete = count(DataAnalysisTables.RUN, recentRuns("COMPLETE", now));
-         int failed = count(DataAnalysisTables.RUN, recentRuns("FAILED", now));
-         html.append("<p>Complete: ").append(complete).append(" · Failed: ").append(failed).append("</p>");
-         if(complete == 0 && failed == 0)
+         html.append("<p>Sign in to see your recent analysis runs.</p>");
+      }
+      else if(canRead(DataAnalysisTables.RUN))
+      {
+         QueryInput query = new QueryInput(DataAnalysisTables.RUN).withFilter(equal("user_id", userId)
+            .withCriteria(new QFilterCriteria("started_at", QCriteriaOperator.LESS_THAN_OR_EQUALS, now))
+            .withOrderBy(new QFilterOrderBy("started_at", false)).withOrderBy(new QFilterOrderBy("id", false)).withLimit(5));
+         query.setPermissionEnforcement(PermissionEnforcement.ENFORCE);
+         List<QRecord> runs = new QueryAction().execute(query).getRecords();
+         if(runs.isEmpty())
          {
-            html.append("<p>No completed or failed runs in this period.</p>");
+            html.append("<p>No analysis runs yet.</p>");
+         }
+         else
+         {
+            html.append("<ul class=\"data-analysis-runs\">");
+            for(QRecord run : runs)
+            {
+               QTableMetaData table = QContext.getQInstance().getTable(run.getValueString("table_name"));
+               String tableLabel = table == null ? run.getValueString("table_name") : table.getLabel();
+               String path = QContext.getQInstance().getTablePath(DataAnalysisTables.RUN) + "/" + run.getValueInteger("id");
+               html.append("<li><a href=\"").append(escape(path)).append("\">").append(escape(tableLabel)).append(" &middot; ")
+                  .append(escape(words(run.getValueString("operation")))).append("</a><dl class=\"data-analysis-run-details\"><dt>Status</dt><dd>")
+                  .append(escape(words(run.getValueString("status")))).append("</dd><dt>Finished</dt><dd>")
+                  .append(run.getValue("finished_at") == null ? "Not finished" : escape(AnalysisFormatting.instant(run.getValueInstant("finished_at"))))
+                  .append("</dd></dl></li>");
+            }
+            html.append("</ul>");
          }
          link(html, DataAnalysisTables.RUN);
       }
@@ -198,13 +249,22 @@ public class DataAnalysisHome extends AbstractWidgetRenderer
 
 
    /*******************************************************************************
-    ** Runs started within the inclusive seven-day interval, excluding future rows.
+    ** Stored operation and status keys are displayed as ordinary words.
     *******************************************************************************/
-   private static QQueryFilter recentRuns(String status, Instant now)
+   private static String words(String value)
    {
-      return (equal("status", status)
-         .withCriteria(new QFilterCriteria("started_at", QCriteriaOperator.GREATER_THAN_OR_EQUALS, now.minus(7, ChronoUnit.DAYS)))
-         .withCriteria(new QFilterCriteria("started_at", QCriteriaOperator.LESS_THAN_OR_EQUALS, now)));
+      return (value == null ? "Unknown" : Arrays.stream(value.toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT).split("_"))
+         .filter(part -> !part.isEmpty()).map(part -> Character.toUpperCase(part.charAt(0)) + part.substring(1)).collect(Collectors.joining(" ")));
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Metadata and persisted values must never become executable widget markup.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   private static String escape(String value)
+   {
+      return (value == null ? "Unknown" : value.replace("&", "&amp;").replace("\"", "&quot;").replace("<", "&lt;").replace(">", "&gt;").replace("'", "&#39;"));
    }
 
 
@@ -227,7 +287,7 @@ public class DataAnalysisHome extends AbstractWidgetRenderer
    private static void link(StringBuilder html, String table) throws QException
    {
       String path = QContext.getQInstance().getTablePath(table);
-      html.append("<a href=\"").append(path.replace("&", "&amp;").replace("\"", "&quot;").replace("<", "&lt;").replace(">", "&gt;"))
+      html.append("<a href=\"").append(escape(path))
          .append("\">View all</a>");
    }
 }

src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/engine/AnalysisBackend.java

@@ -38,16 +38,33 @@ public interface AnalysisBackend
     *******************************************************************************/
    enum DateUnit
    {
-      DAY, WEEK, MONTH, YEAR, DAY_OF_WEEK, HOUR_OF_DAY
+      DAY, WEEK, MONTH, QUARTER, YEAR, HOUR, DAY_OF_WEEK, HOUR_OF_DAY
    }
 
 
 
    /*******************************************************************************
-    ** Actual row coverage and deterministic selected population.
+    ** Computation scope, observed coverage and optional native sampling percentage.
     *******************************************************************************/
-   record Scope(QQueryFilter filter, long total, long rowsScanned, boolean truncated, boolean estimate)
+   record Scope(QQueryFilter filter, long total, long rowsScanned, boolean truncated, boolean estimate, BigDecimal samplePercent)
    {
+      /*******************************************************************************
+       ** Exact and prefix scopes have no random sampling percentage.
+       *******************************************************************************/
+      public Scope(QQueryFilter filter, long total, long rowsScanned, boolean truncated, boolean estimate)
+      {
+         this(filter, total, rowsScanned, truncated, estimate, null);
+      }
+
+      /*******************************************************************************
+       ** Explain whether counts extrapolate a random sample or describe a prefix.
+       *******************************************************************************/
+      public String warning()
+      {
+         return (samplePercent == null ? "Estimate from the first " + rowsScanned + " rows by id"
+            : "Estimate from a random sample of about " + rowsScanned + " rows (" + samplePercent.stripTrailingZeros().toPlainString()
+               + "%). Counts are scaled to the full " + total + " rows; run exact for exact numbers.");
+      }
    }
 
 
@@ -55,8 +72,16 @@ public interface AnalysisBackend
    /*******************************************************************************
     ** Blank includes null and whitespace; distinct excludes null.
     *******************************************************************************/
-   record FieldCounts(long nonNull, long nulls, long blanks, long distinct, QQueryFilter blankFilter, QQueryFilter distinctFilter)
+   record FieldCounts(long nonNull, long nulls, long blanks, long distinct, QQueryFilter blankFilter, QQueryFilter distinctFilter, BigDecimal uniqueness, BigDecimal completeness, boolean constant)
    {
+      /*******************************************************************************
+       ** Exact and prefix counters use their own population for ratios.
+       *******************************************************************************/
+      public FieldCounts(long nonNull, long nulls, long blanks, long distinct, QQueryFilter blankFilter, QQueryFilter distinctFilter)
+      {
+         this(nonNull, nulls, blanks, distinct, blankFilter, distinctFilter, ProfileSupport.share(distinct, nonNull),
+            ProfileSupport.share(nonNull + nulls - blanks, nonNull + nulls), distinct == 1);
+      }
    }
 
 
@@ -64,8 +89,15 @@ public interface AnalysisBackend
    /*******************************************************************************
     ** Group and exact predicate producing its members.
     *******************************************************************************/
-   record GroupCount(Serializable value, String label, long count, QQueryFilter condition)
+   record GroupCount(Serializable value, String label, long count, QQueryFilter condition, BigDecimal share)
    {
+      /*******************************************************************************
+       ** Ordinary groups derive their share from the profiler population.
+       *******************************************************************************/
+      public GroupCount(Serializable value, String label, long count, QQueryFilter condition)
+      {
+         this(value, label, count, condition, null);
+      }
    }
 
 
@@ -89,12 +121,21 @@ public interface AnalysisBackend
 
 
    /*******************************************************************************
-    ** Exact filtered count.
+    ** Actual inspected non-null values, independent of estimated population counts.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   record PatternSummary(List<GroupCount> groups, long values, boolean truncated)
+   {
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Filtered count; a native estimate scales conditional counts to its population.
     *******************************************************************************/
    long count(String table, QQueryFilter filter) throws QException;
 
    /*******************************************************************************
-    ** Select the bounded population used consistently by all operations.
+    ** Configure a request-local exact, prefix or native sampling scope.
     *******************************************************************************/
    Scope scope(String table, QQueryFilter filter, boolean exact) throws QException;
 
@@ -136,7 +177,7 @@ public interface AnalysisBackend
    /*******************************************************************************
     ** Top shapes over a bounded primary-key prefix.
     *******************************************************************************/
-   List<GroupCount> patterns(String table, QQueryFilter filter, String field, int sampleRows) throws QException;
+   PatternSummary patterns(String table, QQueryFilter filter, String field, int sampleRows) throws QException;
 
    /*******************************************************************************
     ** Top groups with count greater than one.

src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/engine/AnalysisDrillGuard.java

@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+/*
+ * QQQ - Low-code Application Framework for Engineers.
+ * Copyright (C) 2021-2025.  Kingsrook, LLC
+ * 651 N Broad St Ste 205 # 6917 | Middletown DE 19709 | United States
+ * contact@kingsrook.com
+ * https://github.com/Kingsrook/
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.engine;
+
+import java.util.Set;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.CandidateKey;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.Chart;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.ColumnProfile;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.DateProfile;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.DistinctValuesPage;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.Drill;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.DuplicatesResult;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.FieldSummary;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.Metric;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.NumericProfile;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.Point;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.Series;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.TableProfile;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.TextProfile;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.ValueCount;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.query.QQueryFilter;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.utils.JsonUtils;
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ ** Final defense for profile-generated drills, including representative primary
+ ** keys and prefix bounds. User-authored predicates remain intact; unsafe generated
+ ** drills are disabled rather than broadened by removing their conditions.
+ *******************************************************************************/
+public class AnalysisDrillGuard
+{
+   private final Set<String> fields;
+   private final String original;
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Resolve FULL fields once per completed result.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public AnalysisDrillGuard(Set<String> fields, QQueryFilter original)
+   {
+      this.fields = fields;
+      this.original = JsonUtils.toJson(DrillFilters.copy(original));
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Visit only typed result containers, never the caller's query.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public void apply(Object value)
+   {
+      if(value instanceof Iterable<?> list)
+      {
+         list.forEach(this::apply);
+      }
+      else if(value instanceof Metric metric)
+      {
+         metric.withDrill(permitted(metric.getDrill()));
+      }
+      else if(value instanceof ValueCount count)
+      {
+         count.withDrill(permitted(count.getDrill()));
+      }
+      else if(value instanceof Point point)
+      {
+         point.withDrill(permitted(point.getDrill()));
+      }
+      else if(value instanceof CandidateKey key)
+      {
+         key.withDrill(permitted(key.getDrill()));
+      }
+      else if(value instanceof ColumnProfile profile)
+      {
+         apply(profile.getCounts());
+         apply(profile.getTopValues());
+         apply(profile.getBooleans());
+         apply(profile.getNumeric());
+         apply(profile.getDates());
+         apply(profile.getText());
+         apply(profile.getChart());
+      }
+      else if(value instanceof NumericProfile profile)
+      {
+         apply(profile.getMetrics());
+         apply(profile.getHistogram());
+         apply(profile.getOutliers());
+      }
+      else if(value instanceof DateProfile profile)
+      {
+         apply(profile.getMetrics());
+         apply(profile.getBuckets());
+         apply(profile.getGaps());
+         apply(profile.getDayOfWeek());
+         apply(profile.getHourOfDay());
+      }
+      else if(value instanceof TextProfile profile)
+      {
+         apply(profile.getMetrics());
+         apply(profile.getHistogram());
+         apply(profile.getPatterns());
+      }
+      else if(value instanceof TableProfile profile)
+      {
+         apply(profile.getRowCount());
+         apply(profile.getFields());
+         apply(profile.getCandidateKeys());
+         apply(profile.getHeatmap());
+      }
+      else if(value instanceof FieldSummary field)
+      {
+         apply(field.getNulls());
+         apply(field.getBlanks());
+      }
+      else if(value instanceof Chart chart)
+      {
+         apply(chart.getSeries());
+      }
+      else if(value instanceof Series series)
+      {
+         apply(series.getPoints());
+      }
+      else if(value instanceof DistinctValuesPage page)
+      {
+         apply(page.getValues());
+      }
+      else if(value instanceof DuplicatesResult result)
+      {
+         apply(result.getGroups());
+      }
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Preserve count equivalence by removing the entire unsafe drill.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   private Drill permitted(Drill drill)
+   {
+      return (drill == null || safe(drill.getFilter()) ? drill : null);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** An exact copy of a user subtree is exempt from analysis field restrictions.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   private boolean safe(QQueryFilter filter)
+   {
+      if(original.equals(JsonUtils.toJson(DrillFilters.copy(filter))))
+      {
+         return (true);
+      }
+      return (filter.getCriteria().stream().allMatch(c -> fields.contains(c.getFieldName())
+         && (c.getOtherFieldName() == null || fields.contains(c.getOtherFieldName()))
+         && (c.getFieldFunction() == null || fields.contains(c.getFieldFunction().getFieldName())))
+         && filter.getSubFilters().stream().allMatch(this::safe));
+   }
+}

src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/engine/AnalysisFormatting.java

@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+/*
+ * QQQ - Low-code Application Framework for Engineers.
+ * Copyright (C) 2021-2025.  Kingsrook, LLC
+ * 651 N Broad St Ste 205 # 6917 | Middletown DE 19709 | United States
+ * contact@kingsrook.com
+ * https://github.com/Kingsrook/
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.engine;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.math.BigDecimal;
+import java.math.MathContext;
+import java.math.RoundingMode;
+import java.time.DayOfWeek;
+import java.time.Instant;
+import java.time.LocalDate;
+import java.time.Period;
+import java.time.ZoneId;
+import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;
+import java.time.format.TextStyle;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Locale;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.Metric;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.ValueType;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.actions.values.QValueFormatter;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.fields.DisplayFormat;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.fields.QFieldMetaData;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.fields.QFieldType;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.utils.ValueUtils;
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ ** Display-ready values shared by metrics, chart labels and the home widget.
+ *******************************************************************************/
+public final class AnalysisFormatting
+{
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Utility class.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   private AnalysisFormatting()
+   {
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Ratios remain numeric and bounded, with stable JSON precision.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public static BigDecimal ratio(BigDecimal value)
+   {
+      return (value.max(BigDecimal.ZERO).min(BigDecimal.ONE).setScale(6, RoundingMode.HALF_UP).stripTrailingZeros());
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Plain numeric defaults are independent of the server locale.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public static String number(Number value, int decimals)
+   {
+      return (String.format(Locale.US, "%,." + decimals + "f", new BigDecimal(value.toString())));
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Types and length keys determine display without changing numeric raw values.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public static String scalar(String key, Serializable value, ValueType type)
+   {
+      if(value == null)
+      {
+         return (null);
+      }
+      if(type == ValueType.PERCENT)
+      {
+         BigDecimal percent = new BigDecimal(value.toString()).multiply(BigDecimal.valueOf(100)).setScale(1, RoundingMode.HALF_UP);
+         return (percent.signum() == 0 || percent.compareTo(BigDecimal.valueOf(100)) == 0 ? percent.toBigInteger() + "%" : percent.toPlainString() + "%");
+      }
+      if(type == ValueType.DATE_TIME)
+      {
+         return (instant((Instant) value));
+      }
+      if(value instanceof Number n)
+      {
+         return (number(n, "meanLength".equals(key) ? 1 : type == ValueType.COUNT || key.endsWith("Length") ? 0 : 2));
+      }
+      return (value.toString());
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Display formats belong to the host field; fallback defaults preserve fractions.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public static String numeric(QFieldMetaData field, String key, BigDecimal value)
+   {
+      if(value == null)
+      {
+         return (null);
+      }
+      String format = field.getDisplayFormat();
+      if(format != null && !format.isBlank() && !DisplayFormat.DEFAULT.equals(format))
+      {
+         Serializable displayValue = format.endsWith("d") ? value.toBigInteger() : value;
+         return (QValueFormatter.formatValue(format, displayValue));
+      }
+      return (number(value, field.getType() == QFieldType.DECIMAL || "mean".equals(key) || "stddev".equals(key) ? 2 : 0));
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Decimal statistics retain ten significant digits; formatting uses the original.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public static Metric numericMetric(QFieldMetaData field, String key, BigDecimal value)
+   {
+      BigDecimal raw = value == null || field.getType() != QFieldType.DECIMAL ? value : value.round(new MathContext(10));
+      return (ProfileSupport.metric(key, raw, ValueType.DECIMAL).withFormatted(numeric(field, key, value)));
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Use the same field formatter on both ends of every histogram interval.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public static String interval(QFieldMetaData field, BigDecimal low, BigDecimal high)
+   {
+      return (low == null ? "Below " + edge(field, high)
+         : high == null ? edge(field, low) + " and above"
+         : edge(field, low) + " – " + edge(field, high));
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Whole edges omit redundant cents; unformatted fractional edges stay distinct.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   private static String edge(QFieldMetaData field, BigDecimal value)
+   {
+      String format = field.getDisplayFormat();
+      int scale = Math.max(0, value.stripTrailingZeros().scale());
+      if(format == null || format.isBlank() || DisplayFormat.DEFAULT.equals(format))
+      {
+         return (number(value, scale));
+      }
+      String formatted = numeric(field, "min", value);
+      return (scale == 0 && DisplayFormat.CURRENCY.equals(format) && formatted.endsWith(".00")
+         ? formatted.substring(0, formatted.length() - 3) : formatted);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Instants remain UTC in raw values and display in the current session zone.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public static String instant(Instant value)
+   {
+      return (DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("uuuu-MM-dd HH:mm", Locale.US).format(value.atZone(ValueUtils.getSessionOrInstanceZoneId())));
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Calendar duration avoids misleading fixed-length month and year arithmetic.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public static String duration(LocalDate first, LocalDate last)
+   {
+      Period period = Period.between(first, last);
+      List<String> parts = new ArrayList<>();
+      if(period.getYears() != 0)
+      {
+         parts.add(period.getYears() + (period.getYears() == 1 ? " year" : " years"));
+      }
+      if(period.getMonths() != 0)
+      {
+         parts.add(period.getMonths() + (period.getMonths() == 1 ? " month" : " months"));
+      }
+      if(period.getDays() != 0 || parts.isEmpty())
+      {
+         parts.add(period.getDays() + (period.getDays() == 1 ? " day" : " days"));
+      }
+      return (String.join(" ", parts));
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Calendar labels describe one bucket; the raw value remains its ISO start.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public static String dateBucket(Serializable start, AnalysisBackend.DateUnit unit, ZoneId zone)
+   {
+      if(unit == AnalysisBackend.DateUnit.DAY_OF_WEEK)
+      {
+         return (DayOfWeek.of(((Number) start).intValue()).getDisplayName(TextStyle.FULL, Locale.US));
+      }
+      if(unit == AnalysisBackend.DateUnit.HOUR_OF_DAY)
+      {
+         return (String.format(Locale.US, "%02d:00", ((Number) start).intValue()));
+      }
+      LocalDate date = ProfileSupport.day(start, zone);
+      return (switch(unit)
+      {
+         case YEAR -> Integer.toString(date.getYear());
+         case QUARTER -> date.getYear() + " Q" + ((date.getMonthValue() - 1) / 3 + 1);
+         case MONTH -> DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("MMM uuuu", Locale.US).format(date);
+         case WEEK -> "Week of " + date;
+         case HOUR -> DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("uuuu-MM-dd HH:00", Locale.US).format(((Instant) start).atZone(zone));
+         default -> date.toString();
+      });
+   }
+}

src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/engine/AnalysisLabels.java

@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Set;
 import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.actions.metadata.personalization.TableMetaDataPersonalizerAction;
-import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.actions.permissions.FieldSecurityLockHelper;
 import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.actions.permissions.PermissionEnforcement;
 import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.actions.tables.QueryAction;
 import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.actions.values.QPossibleValueTranslator;
@@ -64,7 +63,7 @@ public final class AnalysisLabels
     *******************************************************************************/
    public static String translate(QFieldMetaData field, Serializable value) throws QException
    {
-      return (translate(field, value, new LinkedHashSet<>()));
+      return (translate(field, value, CoreTierFieldAccessResolver.defaultResolver()));
    }
 
 
@@ -72,12 +71,24 @@ public final class AnalysisLabels
    /*******************************************************************************
     ** Resolve nested PVS label fields without invoking core's trusted lookup path.
     *******************************************************************************/
-   private static String translate(QFieldMetaData field, Serializable value, Set<String> visited) throws QException
+   public static String translate(QFieldMetaData field, Serializable value, FieldAnalysisAccessResolver access) throws QException
+   {
+      return (translate(field, value, new LinkedHashSet<>(), access));
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Resolve nested labels only through FULL fields under the host policy.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   private static String translate(QFieldMetaData field, Serializable value, Set<String> visited, FieldAnalysisAccessResolver access) throws QException
    {
       if(value == null)
       {
          return (null);
       }
+      if(field.getType() == com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.fields.QFieldType.BOOLEAN)
+      {
+         return (com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.utils.ValueUtils.getValueAsBoolean(value) ? "Yes" : "No");
+      }
       String fallback = value.toString();
       QPossibleValueSource source = QContext.getQInstance().getPossibleValueSource(field.getPossibleValueSourceName());
       if(source == null || visited.size() >= 8 || !visited.add(source.getName()))
@@ -98,7 +109,7 @@ public final class AnalysisLabels
          List<String> labelFields = original.getRecordLabelFields() == null ? List.of() : original.getRecordLabelFields();
          for(String labelField : labelFields)
          {
-            if(!table.getFields().containsKey(labelField) || !FieldSecurityLockHelper.isFieldAccessible(table.getField(labelField)))
+            if(!table.getFields().containsKey(labelField) || access.resolve(table, table.getField(labelField)) != FieldAnalysisAccess.FULL)
             {
                return (fallback);
             }
@@ -119,7 +130,7 @@ public final class AnalysisLabels
             QFieldMetaData labelMetadata = table.getField(labelField);
             if(labelMetadata.getPossibleValueSourceName() != null)
             {
-               record.withDisplayValue(labelField, translate(labelMetadata, record.getValue(labelField), visited));
+               record.withDisplayValue(labelField, translate(labelMetadata, record.getValue(labelField), visited, access));
             }
          }
          String label = QValueFormatter.formatRecordLabel(table, record);
@@ -144,6 +155,14 @@ public final class AnalysisLabels
     ** host changing field/record locks cannot release older translated labels.
     *******************************************************************************/
    public static java.util.Map<String, Object> policy(String tableName) throws QException
+   {
+      return (policy(tableName, CoreTierFieldAccessResolver.defaultResolver()));
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Include host-resolved tiers of related labels in the exact-run identity.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public static java.util.Map<String, Object> policy(String tableName, FieldAnalysisAccessResolver access) throws QException
    {
       java.util.Map<String, Object> result = new java.util.TreeMap<>();
       java.util.ArrayDeque<String> pending = new java.util.ArrayDeque<>();
@@ -160,6 +179,7 @@ public final class AnalysisLabels
          QTableMetaData table = TableMetaDataPersonalizerAction.execute(input, true);
          java.util.Map<String, Object> entry = new java.util.TreeMap<>();
          entry.put("fields", table.getFields());
+         entry.put("fullFields", table.getFields().values().stream().filter(f -> access.resolve(table, f) == FieldAnalysisAccess.FULL).map(QFieldMetaData::getName).sorted().toList());
          entry.put("locks", table.getRecordSecurityLocks());
          entry.put("labelFields", table.getRecordLabelFields());
          entry.put("labelFormat", table.getRecordLabelFormat());

src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/engine/AnalysisSecurity.java

@@ -20,19 +20,21 @@
 
 package com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.engine;
 
+import java.io.Serializable;
 import java.util.List;
 import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.permissions.DataAnalysisPermissions;
 import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.actions.metadata.personalization.TableMetaDataPersonalizerAction;
-import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.actions.permissions.FieldSecurityLockHelper;
 import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.actions.permissions.PermissionEnforcement;
 import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.actions.permissions.PermissionsHelper;
 import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.actions.permissions.TablePermissionSubType;
 import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.context.QContext;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.exceptions.QBadRequestException;
 import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.exceptions.QException;
 import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.exceptions.QPermissionDeniedException;
 import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.query.QueryInput;
 import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.fields.QFieldMetaData;
 import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.tables.QTableMetaData;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.utils.JsonUtils;
 
 /*******************************************************************************
  ** Fail closed before any source-table computation, including cache retrieval.
@@ -40,17 +42,27 @@ import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.tables.QTableMetaData;
 public class AnalysisSecurity
 {
    private final EffectiveConfigResolver configs;
+   private final FieldAnalysisAccessResolver fieldAccess;
 
    /*******************************************************************************
     ** Use the runtime's configuration policy.
     *******************************************************************************/
    public AnalysisSecurity(EffectiveConfigResolver configs)
    {
-      this.configs = configs;
+      this(configs, CoreTierFieldAccessResolver.defaultResolver());
    }
 
 
 
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Bind the host field policy.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public AnalysisSecurity(EffectiveConfigResolver configs, FieldAnalysisAccessResolver fieldAccess)
+   {
+      this.configs = configs;
+      this.fieldAccess = fieldAccess;
+   }
+
    /*******************************************************************************
     ** Explicit enforcement is independent of the instance's default switch.
     *******************************************************************************/
@@ -76,7 +88,7 @@ public class AnalysisSecurity
    {
       QTableMetaData table = table(name);
       EffectiveConfig c = configs.resolve(name);
-      return (table.getFields().values().stream().filter(FieldSecurityLockHelper::isFieldAccessible)
+      return (table.getFields().values().stream().filter(f -> fieldAccess.resolve(table, f) == FieldAnalysisAccess.FULL)
          .filter(f -> c.getAnalyzableFields().isEmpty() || c.getAnalyzableFields().contains(f.getName()))
          .filter(f -> !c.getExcludedFields().contains(f.getName())).toList());
    }
@@ -89,6 +101,50 @@ public class AnalysisSecurity
    public QFieldMetaData field(String table, String field) throws QException
    {
       return (analyzableFields(table).stream().filter(f -> f.getName().equals(field)).findFirst()
-         .orElseThrow(() -> new QPermissionDeniedException("Analysis is unavailable for this field.")));
+         .orElseThrow(() -> new QBadRequestException("Unknown analysis field.")));
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Core fingerprint plus the sorted FULL-field list, hashed by the run identity.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public String accessFingerprint(String table) throws QException
+   {
+      return (fieldAccess.getAccessFingerprint() + ":" + JsonUtils.toJson(analyzableFields(table).stream().map(QFieldMetaData::getName).sorted().toList()));
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Check a joined field without requiring the related table analyze permission.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public QFieldMetaData joinedField(String tableName, String fieldName) throws QException
+   {
+      QTableMetaData table = joinedTable(tableName);
+      QFieldMetaData field = table.getFields().get(fieldName);
+      if(field == null || fieldAccess.resolve(table, field) != FieldAnalysisAccess.FULL)
+      {
+         throw new QBadRequestException("Unknown analysis field.");
+      }
+      return (field);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Display labels use the same policy as the selected pivot field.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public String label(QFieldMetaData field, Serializable value) throws QException
+   {
+      return (AnalysisLabels.translate(field, value, fieldAccess));
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Each intermediate exposed-join table requires READ, without analyze rights.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public QTableMetaData joinedTable(String tableName) throws QException
+   {
+      QueryInput input = new QueryInput(tableName);
+      input.setPermissionEnforcement(PermissionEnforcement.ENFORCE);
+      if(QContext.getQInstance().getTable(tableName) == null || !PermissionsHelper.hasTablePermission(input, tableName, TablePermissionSubType.READ))
+      {
+         throw new QBadRequestException("Unknown analysis field.");
+      }
+      return (TableMetaDataPersonalizerAction.execute(input, true));
    }
 }

src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/engine/ColumnProfiler.java

@@ -48,13 +48,23 @@ import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.utils.ValueUtils;
 public class ColumnProfiler
 {
    private final AnalysisBackend backend;
+   private final FieldAnalysisAccessResolver fieldAccess;
 
    /*******************************************************************************
     ** The backend can be replaced when core's new operators ship.
     *******************************************************************************/
    public ColumnProfiler(AnalysisBackend backend)
+   {
+      this(backend, CoreTierFieldAccessResolver.defaultResolver());
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Bind the host field policy for possible-value labels.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public ColumnProfiler(AnalysisBackend backend, FieldAnalysisAccessResolver fieldAccess)
    {
       this.backend = backend;
+      this.fieldAccess = fieldAccess;
    }
 
 
@@ -68,38 +78,45 @@ public class ColumnProfiler
       String name = field.getName();
       QQueryFilter filter = scope.filter();
       long rows = backend.count(table, filter);
+      QQueryFilter drillFilter = scope.estimate() ? request.getFilter() : filter;
       AnalysisBackend.FieldCounts counts = backend.fieldCounts(table, filter, List.of(name)).get(name);
       ColumnProfile result = new ColumnProfile().withTableName(table).withFieldName(name).withFieldLabel(field.getLabel()).withFieldType(field.getType().name())
-         .withFilter(DrillFilters.restoreTypes(request.getTableName(), request.getFilter())).withEstimate(scope.estimate()).withSampleRows(scope.estimate() ? rows : 0L)
+         .withFilter(DrillFilters.restoreTypes(request.getTableName(), request.getFilter())).withEstimate(scope.estimate()).withSampleRows(scope.estimate() ? scope.rowsScanned() : 0L)
          .withRowsScanned(scope.rowsScanned()).withTruncated(scope.truncated()).withAsOf(Instant.now());
-      result.getCounts().add(ProfileSupport.count("rows", rows, table, filter, null));
-      result.getCounts().add(ProfileSupport.count("nonNull", counts.nonNull(), table, filter, DrillFilters.nonNull(name, field.getType().isStringLike())));
-      result.getCounts().add(ProfileSupport.count("nulls", counts.nulls(), table, filter, DrillFilters.nulls(name, field.getType().isStringLike())));
+      result.getCounts().add(ProfileSupport.count("rows", scope.estimate() ? scope.total() : rows, table, drillFilter, null));
+      result.getCounts().add(ProfileSupport.count("nonNull", counts.nonNull(), table, drillFilter, DrillFilters.nonNull(name, field.getType().isStringLike())));
+      result.getCounts().add(ProfileSupport.count("nulls", counts.nulls(), table, drillFilter, DrillFilters.nulls(name, field.getType().isStringLike())));
       if(field.getType().isStringLike())
       {
-         result.getCounts().add(ProfileSupport.count("blanks", counts.blanks(), table, filter, counts.blankFilter()));
+         result.getCounts().add(ProfileSupport.count("blanks", counts.blanks(), table, drillFilter, counts.blankFilter()));
       }
-      result.getCounts().add(ProfileSupport.count("distinct", counts.distinct(), table, filter, counts.distinctFilter()));
-      result.getCounts().add(ProfileSupport.metric("uniqueness", ProfileSupport.share(counts.distinct(), counts.nonNull()), ValueType.PERCENT));
-      result.withTopValues(ProfileSupport.values(table, filter, field, backend.topValues(table, filter, name, 20, 0, null), rows));
+      result.getCounts().add(ProfileSupport.count("distinct", counts.distinct(), table, drillFilter, counts.distinctFilter()));
+      result.getCounts().add(ProfileSupport.metric("uniqueness", counts.uniqueness(), ValueType.PERCENT));
+      result.withTopValues(ProfileSupport.values(table, drillFilter, field, backend.topValues(table, filter, name, 20, 0, null), rows, fieldAccess));
       QFieldType type = field.getType();
       if(type == QFieldType.INTEGER || type == QFieldType.LONG || type == QFieldType.DECIMAL)
       {
-         numeric(result, filter, rows);
+         numeric(result, filter, drillFilter, rows, field);
       }
       else if(type == QFieldType.DATE || type == QFieldType.DATE_TIME)
       {
-         dates(result, filter, rows, type);
+         dates(result, filter, drillFilter, rows, type);
       }
       else if(type.isStringLike())
       {
          AnalysisBackend.LengthSummary summary = backend.lengthSummary(table, filter, name);
-         TextProfile text = new TextProfile().withHistogram(ProfileSupport.values(table, filter, null, summary.histogram(), rows))
-            .withPatterns(ProfileSupport.values(table, filter, null, backend.patterns(table, filter, name, 10_000), Math.min(rows, 10_000)))
-            .withSampleRows(Math.min(rows, 10_000));
+         AnalysisBackend.PatternSummary patterns = backend.patterns(table, filter, name, 10_000);
+         long patternValues = patterns.values();
+         TextProfile text = new TextProfile().withHistogram(ProfileSupport.values(table, drillFilter, null, summary.histogram(), rows))
+            .withPatterns(ProfileSupport.values(table, drillFilter, null, patterns.groups(), patternValues))
+            .withSampleRows(patternValues);
          summary.metrics().forEach((key, value) -> text.getMetrics().add(ProfileSupport.metric(key, value, ValueType.DECIMAL)));
          result.withText(text);
-         result.getWarnings().add("Patterns use the first " + Math.min(rows, 10_000) + " rows by primary key.");
+         if(patterns.truncated())
+         {
+            result.getWarnings().add(scope.samplePercent() == null ? "Patterns are based on the first " + AnalysisFormatting.number(patternValues, 0) + " values."
+               : "Patterns are based on " + AnalysisFormatting.number(patternValues, 0) + " sampled values.");
+         }
       }
       else if(type == QFieldType.BOOLEAN)
       {
@@ -107,11 +124,28 @@ public class ColumnProfiler
          for(boolean value : List.of(true, false))
          {
             QQueryFilter condition = DrillFilters.value(name, value, false);
-            result.getBooleans().add(ProfileSupport.count(Boolean.toString(value), backend.count(table, DrillFilters.and(filter, condition)), table, filter, condition));
+            result.getBooleans().add(ProfileSupport.count(Boolean.toString(value), backend.count(table, DrillFilters.and(filter, condition)), table, drillFilter, condition));
          }
-         result.getBooleans().add(ProfileSupport.count("nulls", counts.nulls(), table, filter, DrillFilters.nulls(name, false)));
+         result.getBooleans().add(ProfileSupport.count("nulls", counts.nulls(), table, drillFilter, DrillFilters.nulls(name, false)));
       }
       new MinGroupSizeGuard(config.getMinGroupSize()).column(result, rows);
+      if(scope.estimate())
+      {
+         ProfileSupport.markEstimates(result.getCounts());
+         ProfileSupport.markEstimates(result.getBooleans());
+         if(result.getNumeric() != null)
+         {
+            ProfileSupport.markEstimates(result.getNumeric().getMetrics());
+         }
+         if(result.getDates() != null)
+         {
+            ProfileSupport.markEstimates(result.getDates().getMetrics());
+         }
+         if(result.getText() != null)
+         {
+            ProfileSupport.markEstimates(result.getText().getMetrics());
+         }
+      }
       if(field.getPossibleValueSourceName() != null || result.getNumeric() == null && result.getDates() == null)
       {
          result.withChart(ProfileSupport.chart(ChartKind.BAR, ChartKind.PARETO, name, result.getTopValues()));
@@ -123,22 +157,28 @@ public class ColumnProfiler
       else
       {
          result.withChart(ProfileSupport.chart(ChartKind.TIME_SERIES, ChartKind.BAR, name, result.getDates().getBuckets()));
+         result.getChart().getX().withLabel(field.getLabel() + (result.getDates().getUnit() == null ? "" : " (" + result.getDates().getUnit().toLowerCase(java.util.Locale.ROOT) + ")"));
       }
-      if(rows == 0)
+      if(scope.total() == 0)
       {
          result.getWarnings().add("No readable records match this analysis scope.");
       }
-      else if(counts.nonNull() == 0)
+      else if(counts.nonNull() == 0 && rows > 0 && (!scope.estimate() || scope.rowsScanned() > 0))
       {
-         result.getWarnings().add("All values in this analysis scope are null.");
+         result.getWarnings().add(scope.estimate() ? "All observed values are null." : "All values in this analysis scope are null.");
       }
       if(scope.estimate())
       {
-         result.getWarnings().add("Estimate: first " + rows + " rows by primary key; not a random sample.");
+         result.getWarnings().add(scope.warning());
+         if(scope.rowsScanned() == 0)
+         {
+            result.getWarnings().add("No sample rows were observed; run exact for exact numbers.");
+         }
       }
       if(scope.truncated())
       {
-         result.getWarnings().add("Partial result: max_rows reached; counts and drills cover only the selected prefix.");
+         result.getWarnings().add(scope.estimate() ? "Partial result: max_rows reached; counts cover the selected prefix and drills cover the full population."
+            : "Partial result: max_rows reached; counts and drills cover only the selected prefix.");
       }
       return (result);
    }
@@ -146,24 +186,24 @@ public class ColumnProfiler
 
 
    /*******************************************************************************
-    ** Numeric moments, twenty interior bins, exterior bins and Tukey outliers.
+    ** Numeric moments, nice interior bins, exterior bins and Tukey outliers.
     *******************************************************************************/
-   private void numeric(ColumnProfile result, QQueryFilter filter, long rows) throws QException
+   private void numeric(ColumnProfile result, QQueryFilter filter, QQueryFilter drillFilter, long rows, QFieldMetaData metadata) throws QException
    {
       String table = result.getTableName();
       String field = result.getFieldName();
       AnalysisBackend.NumericSummary summary = backend.numericSummary(table, filter, field,
          List.of("0.01", "0.05", "0.25", "0.50", "0.75", "0.95", "0.99").stream().map(BigDecimal::new).toList());
       NumericProfile numeric = new NumericProfile();
-      summary.metrics().forEach((key, value) -> numeric.getMetrics().add(ProfileSupport.metric(key, value, ValueType.DECIMAL)));
+      summary.metrics().forEach((key, value) -> numeric.getMetrics().add(AnalysisFormatting.numericMetric(metadata, key, value)));
       for(AnalysisBackend.GroupCount count : summary.counts())
       {
-         numeric.getMetrics().add(ProfileSupport.count(count.label(), count.count(), table, filter, count.condition()));
+         numeric.getMetrics().add(ProfileSupport.count(count.label(), count.count(), table, drillFilter, count.condition()));
       }
-      numeric.getMetrics().add(ProfileSupport.count("outliers", summary.outlierCount(), table, filter, summary.outlierFilter()));
-      numeric.withHistogram(ProfileSupport.values(table, filter, null,
+      numeric.getMetrics().add(ProfileSupport.count("outliers", summary.outlierCount(), table, drillFilter, summary.outlierFilter()));
+      numeric.withHistogram(ProfileSupport.values(table, drillFilter, null,
          backend.numericHistogram(table, filter, field, summary.metrics().get("p1"), summary.metrics().get("p99"), 20), rows));
-      numeric.withOutliers(ProfileSupport.values(table, filter, null, summary.outliers(), rows));
+      numeric.withOutliers(ProfileSupport.values(table, drillFilter, null, summary.outliers(), rows));
       result.withNumeric(numeric);
    }
 
@@ -172,7 +212,7 @@ public class ColumnProfiler
    /*******************************************************************************
     ** Date extrema, range, calendar volume, gaps and cyclic time patterns.
     *******************************************************************************/
-   private void dates(ColumnProfile result, QQueryFilter filter, long rows, QFieldType type) throws QException
+   private void dates(ColumnProfile result, QQueryFilter filter, QQueryFilter drillFilter, long rows, QFieldType type) throws QException
    {
       String table = result.getTableName();
       String field = result.getFieldName();
@@ -187,13 +227,13 @@ public class ColumnProfiler
          LocalDate last = ProfileSupport.day(extrema.get("max"), zone);
          AnalysisBackend.DateUnit unit = autoBucket(first, last);
          dates.withUnit(unit.name());
-         dates.getMetrics().add(ProfileSupport.metric("range", ChronoUnit.DAYS.between(first, last), ValueType.DURATION));
-         List<ValueCount> buckets = ProfileSupport.values(table, filter, null, backend.dateBuckets(table, filter, field, unit, zone), rows);
+         dates.getMetrics().add(ProfileSupport.metric("range", ChronoUnit.DAYS.between(first, last), ValueType.DURATION).withFormatted(AnalysisFormatting.duration(first, last)));
+         List<ValueCount> buckets = ProfileSupport.values(table, drillFilter, null, backend.dateBuckets(table, filter, field, unit, zone), rows);
          dates.withBuckets(buckets).withGaps(buckets.stream().filter(b -> b.getCount() == 0).toList());
          if(type == QFieldType.DATE_TIME)
          {
-            dates.withDayOfWeek(ProfileSupport.values(table, filter, null, backend.dateBuckets(table, filter, field, AnalysisBackend.DateUnit.DAY_OF_WEEK, zone), rows))
-               .withHourOfDay(ProfileSupport.values(table, filter, null, backend.dateBuckets(table, filter, field, AnalysisBackend.DateUnit.HOUR_OF_DAY, zone), rows));
+            dates.withDayOfWeek(ProfileSupport.values(table, drillFilter, null, backend.dateBuckets(table, filter, field, AnalysisBackend.DateUnit.DAY_OF_WEEK, zone), rows))
+               .withHourOfDay(ProfileSupport.values(table, drillFilter, null, backend.dateBuckets(table, filter, field, AnalysisBackend.DateUnit.HOUR_OF_DAY, zone), rows));
          }
       }
       result.withDates(dates);

src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/engine/ComparisonExplorer.java

@@ -0,0 +1,254 @@
+/*
+ * QQQ - Low-code Application Framework for Engineers.
+ * Copyright (C) 2021-2025.  Kingsrook, LLC
+ * 651 N Broad St Ste 205 # 6917 | Middletown DE 19709 | United States
+ * contact@kingsrook.com
+ * https://github.com/Kingsrook/
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.engine;
+
+import java.math.BigDecimal;
+import java.math.MathContext;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.ChartKind;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.CompareRequest;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.CompareResult;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.ComparisonSide;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.ComparisonValue;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.FieldComparison;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.Metric;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.Point;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.Series;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.ValueType;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.stats.Statistics;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.exceptions.QBadRequestException;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.exceptions.QException;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.aggregate.Aggregate;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.aggregate.AggregateOperator;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.query.QQueryFilter;
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ ** Two populations share category boundaries and exact producing predicates.
+ *******************************************************************************/
+public class ComparisonExplorer extends RelationshipSupport
+{
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Bind request-local policy without modifying session metadata.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public ComparisonExplorer(AnalysisSecurity security, EffectiveConfig config, String table)
+   {
+      super(security, config, table);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Resolve every field before issuing source queries.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public CompareResult compare(CompareRequest request) throws QException
+   {
+      if(request.getFields() == null || request.getFields().isEmpty() || request.getFields().size() > 100
+         || request.getFields().stream().distinct().count() != request.getFields().size())
+      {
+         throw new QBadRequestException("Choose 1 to 100 distinct analysis fields.");
+      }
+      for(String field : request.getFields())
+      {
+         full(field);
+      }
+      CompareResult result = new CompareResult();
+      for(String field : request.getFields())
+      {
+         result.getFields().add(numeric(full(field)) ? numericComparison(request, field) : categoryComparison(request, field));
+      }
+      return (result);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** All moments and quartiles are computed together by core, including VAR_SAMP.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   protected Map<String, BigDecimal> moments(String field, QQueryFilter filter) throws QException
+   {
+      Map<String, Aggregate> measures = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+      measures.put("count", measure(field, AggregateOperator.COUNT));
+      measures.put("mean", measure(field, AggregateOperator.AVG));
+      measures.put("variance", measure(field, AggregateOperator.VAR_SAMP));
+      measures.put("min", measure(field, AggregateOperator.MIN));
+      measures.put("max", measure(field, AggregateOperator.MAX));
+      for(int p : List.of(25, 50, 75))
+      {
+         measures.put("p" + p, measure(field, AggregateOperator.PERCENTILE_CONT).withPercentile(BigDecimal.valueOf(p, 2)));
+      }
+      var row = summarize(filter, new ArrayList<>(measures.values()));
+      Map<String, BigDecimal> result = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+      measures.forEach((name, aggregate) -> result.put(name, decimal(row.getAggregateValues().get(aggregate))));
+      result.putIfAbsent("count", BigDecimal.ZERO);
+      return (result);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Two BOX series retain all five summary values; mean and median get drills.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   private FieldComparison numericComparison(CompareRequest request, String field) throws QException
+   {
+      Map<String, BigDecimal> a = moments(field, request.getFilterA());
+      Map<String, BigDecimal> b = moments(field, request.getFilterB());
+      long nA = a.get("count").longValue();
+      long nB = b.get("count").longValue();
+      ComparisonSide sideA = numericSide(field, request.getLabelA(), request.getFilterA(), a);
+      ComparisonSide sideB = numericSide(field, request.getLabelB(), request.getFilterB(), b);
+      ComparisonValue value = new ComparisonValue().withSideA(sideA).withSideB(sideB).withLabel(field);
+      boolean hidden = nA < config.getMinGroupSize() || nB < config.getMinGroupSize();
+      if(!hidden)
+      {
+         deltas(value, a.get("mean"), b.get("mean"));
+      }
+      Statistics.Result test = hidden ? Statistics.unavailable("Welch's t-test", "privacy guard")
+         : Statistics.welch(nA, number(a, "mean"), number(a, "variance"), nB, number(b, "mean"), number(b, "variance"));
+      return (new FieldComparison().withField(field).withValues(List.of(value)).withSignificance(significance(test))
+         .withChart(chart(ChartKind.BOX, List.of(box(sideA), box(sideB)), "Two box summaries; delta is B minus A.")));
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Null moments remain invalid test inputs rather than becoming zero variance.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   private static double number(Map<String, BigDecimal> values, String key)
+   {
+      return (values.get(key) == null ? Double.NaN : values.get(key).doubleValue());
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Count means non-null numeric records; every summary drills to that set.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   protected ComparisonSide numericSide(String field, String label, QQueryFilter filter, Map<String, BigDecimal> values)
+   {
+      ComparisonSide result = new ComparisonSide().withLabel(label);
+      for(String key : List.of("count", "mean", "min", "p25", "p50", "p75", "max"))
+      {
+         String name = key.equals("p50") ? "median" : key;
+         result.getMetrics().add(metric(name, values.get(key), key.equals("count") ? ValueType.COUNT : ValueType.DECIMAL, filter, DrillFilters.nonNull(field, false)));
+      }
+      guard(result.getMetrics(), values.get("count").longValue());
+      return (result);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Only guarded summary metrics enter charts.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   private Series box(ComparisonSide side)
+   {
+      Series series = new Series().withName(side.getLabel());
+      side.getMetrics().stream().filter(m -> !List.of("count", "mean").contains(m.getKey()) && m.getValue() != null)
+         .forEach(m -> series.getPoints().add(new Point().withX(m.getKey()).withY(decimal(m.getValue())).withLabel(m.getLabel()).withDrill(m.getDrill())));
+      return (series);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Top ten across the union gives both populations the same categories.
+    ** Expected counts below five pool into Other before display and inference.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   private FieldComparison categoryComparison(CompareRequest request, String field) throws QException
+   {
+      QQueryFilter union = request.getFilterA() == null || request.getFilterB() == null ? null
+         : new QQueryFilter().withBooleanOperator(QQueryFilter.BooleanOperator.OR).withSubFilter(DrillFilters.copy(request.getFilterA())).withSubFilter(DrillFilters.copy(request.getFilterB()));
+      long nA = size(request.getFilterA());
+      long nB = size(request.getFilterB());
+      List<Category> kept = new ArrayList<>();
+      List<Category> other = new ArrayList<>();
+      boolean privateOther = false;
+      for(Category category : categories(field, union, 10))
+      {
+         long a = size(DrillFilters.and(request.getFilterA(), category.condition()));
+         long b = size(DrillFilters.and(request.getFilterB(), category.condition()));
+         boolean hidden = category.privateGroup() || a < config.getMinGroupSize() || b < config.getMinGroupSize();
+         double pooled = nA + nB == 0 ? 0 : (double) (a + b) / (nA + nB);
+         if(hidden || Math.min(nA * pooled, nB * pooled) < 5 || category.label().equals("Other") && category.value() == null)
+         {
+            other.add(category);
+            privateOther |= hidden;
+         }
+         else
+         {
+            kept.add(category);
+         }
+      }
+      if(!other.isEmpty())
+      {
+         kept.add(merge(other, privateOther));
+      }
+      double[][] counts = new double[2][kept.size()];
+      FieldComparison result = new FieldComparison().withField(field);
+      Series seriesA = new Series().withName(request.getLabelA());
+      Series seriesB = new Series().withName(request.getLabelB());
+      for(int i = 0; i < kept.size(); i++)
+      {
+         Category category = kept.get(i);
+         long a = size(DrillFilters.and(request.getFilterA(), category.condition()));
+         long b = size(DrillFilters.and(request.getFilterB(), category.condition()));
+         counts[0][i] = a;
+         counts[1][i] = b;
+         ComparisonSide sideA = categorySide(request.getLabelA(), request.getFilterA(), category, a, nA);
+         ComparisonSide sideB = categorySide(request.getLabelB(), request.getFilterB(), category, b, nB);
+         ComparisonValue value = new ComparisonValue().withValue(category.value()).withLabel(category.label()).withSideA(sideA).withSideB(sideB);
+         boolean hidden = a < config.getMinGroupSize() || b < config.getMinGroupSize();
+         if(!hidden)
+         {
+            deltas(value, ProfileSupport.share(a, nA), ProfileSupport.share(b, nB));
+         }
+         value.withSignificance(significance(hidden || category.privateGroup() ? Statistics.unavailable("Two-proportion z-test", "privacy guard") : Statistics.proportions(a, nA, b, nB)));
+         result.getValues().add(value);
+         categoryPoint(seriesA, category, sideA);
+         categoryPoint(seriesB, category, sideB);
+      }
+      result.withSignificance(significance(privateOther ? Statistics.unavailable("Chi-square homogeneity", "privacy guard") : Statistics.chiSquare(counts, true)));
+      return (result.withChart(chart(ChartKind.BAR, List.of(seriesA, seriesB), "Grouped bars; delta is B minus A. Low expected counts are merged into Other.")));
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Sensitive merged categories reveal no predicate or original value.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   private ComparisonSide categorySide(String label, QQueryFilter filter, Category category, long n, long total)
+   {
+      ComparisonSide side = new ComparisonSide().withLabel(label).withMetrics(List.of(metric("count", n, ValueType.COUNT, filter, category.condition()),
+         metric("share", ProfileSupport.share(n, total), ValueType.PERCENT, filter, category.condition())));
+      if(category.privateGroup())
+      {
+         side.getMetrics().forEach(m -> m.withDrill(null));
+      }
+      guard(side.getMetrics(), n);
+      return (side);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Charts reflect only released count metrics.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   private void categoryPoint(Series series, Category category, ComparisonSide side)
+   {
+      Metric count = side.getMetrics().getFirst();
+      series.getPoints().add(new Point().withX(category.label()).withLabel(category.label()).withY(decimal(count.getValue())).withDrill(count.getDrill()));
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Percent delta is a fraction relative to |A|; zero baseline is undefined.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   private void deltas(ComparisonValue value, BigDecimal a, BigDecimal b)
+   {
+      BigDecimal delta = a == null || b == null ? null : b.subtract(a);
+      value.withDelta(ProfileSupport.metric("delta", delta, ValueType.DECIMAL));
+      value.withPercentDelta(ProfileSupport.metric("percentDelta", delta == null || a.signum() == 0 ? null : delta.divide(a.abs(), MathContext.DECIMAL128), ValueType.PERCENT));
+   }
+}

src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/engine/CoreAnalysisBackend.java

@@ -0,0 +1,483 @@
+/*
+ * QQQ - Low-code Application Framework for Engineers.
+ * Copyright (C) 2021-2025.  Kingsrook, LLC
+ * 651 N Broad St Ste 205 # 6917 | Middletown DE 19709 | United States
+ * contact@kingsrook.com
+ * https://github.com/Kingsrook/
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.engine;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.math.BigDecimal;
+import java.math.MathContext;
+import java.math.RoundingMode;
+import java.time.LocalDate;
+import java.time.ZoneId;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.Set;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.exceptions.QException;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.aggregate.Aggregate;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.aggregate.AggregateCapability;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.aggregate.AggregateInput;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.aggregate.AggregateOperator;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.aggregate.AggregateResult;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.aggregate.DateBucket;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.aggregate.DateBucketUnit;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.aggregate.GroupBy;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.aggregate.NumericBucket;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.query.QCriteriaOperator;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.query.QQueryFilter;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.data.QRecord;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.fields.QFieldType;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.modules.backend.QBackendModuleDispatcher;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.utils.JsonUtils;
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ ** Capability-directed aggregates; streamed primitives retain portable drills.
+ *******************************************************************************/
+public class CoreAnalysisBackend extends StandInAnalysisBackend
+{
+   private BigDecimal samplePercent;
+   private QQueryFilter populationFilter;
+   private long populationRows;
+   private long aggregateRows;
+   private BigDecimal lastCountShare;
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Bind the same bounded configuration as the streamed implementation.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public CoreAnalysisBackend(EffectiveConfig config)
+   {
+      super(config);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Ask the actual backend implementation, including dialect-specific support.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public static Set<AggregateCapability> capabilities(String table) throws QException
+   {
+      AggregateInput input = new AggregateInput(table);
+      return (new QBackendModuleDispatcher().getQBackendModule(input.getBackend()).getAggregateInterface().getSupportedCapabilities(input));
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Sampling belongs to each aggregate, never to a materialized key filter.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   @Override
+   public Scope scope(String table, QQueryFilter filter, boolean exact) throws QException
+   {
+      samplePercent = null;
+      long total = super.count(table, filter);
+      if(exact || total <= config.getSampleThresholdRows() || total <= config.getSampleRows() || !capabilities(table).contains(AggregateCapability.SAMPLING))
+      {
+         return (super.scope(table, filter, exact));
+      }
+      estimating = true;
+      populationRows = total;
+      populationFilter = DrillFilters.copy(filter);
+      samplePercent = BigDecimal.valueOf(config.getSampleRows()).multiply(BigDecimal.valueOf(100))
+         .divide(BigDecimal.valueOf(total), MathContext.DECIMAL128).min(BigDecimal.valueOf(100));
+      long seen = sampledCount(table, populationFilter);
+      return (new Scope(DrillFilters.copy(filter), total, seen, false, true, samplePercent));
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Count the sampled call's actual rows rather than assuming the requested size.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   private long sampledCount(String table, QQueryFilter filter) throws QException
+   {
+      if(samplePercent.signum() == 0)
+      {
+         return (0);
+      }
+      List<AggregateResult> result = super.aggregate(new AggregateInput(table).withFilter(DrillFilters.copy(filter))
+         .withAggregate(countOf(primaryKey(table), AggregateOperator.COUNT)).withSamplePercent(samplePercent));
+      return (result.isEmpty() ? 0 : number(result.getFirst(), primaryKey(table), AggregateOperator.COUNT).longValue());
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Unpaginated groups supply their own denominator, including null groups.
+    ** Limited groups use a separate sampled population count for this call.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   @Override
+   protected List<AggregateResult> aggregate(AggregateInput input) throws QException
+   {
+      if(samplePercent == null)
+      {
+         return (super.aggregate(input));
+      }
+      if(samplePercent.signum() == 0)
+      {
+         aggregateRows = 0;
+         return (List.of());
+      }
+      Aggregate count = countOf(primaryKey(input.getTableName()), AggregateOperator.COUNT);
+      if(input.getAggregates() == null || !input.getAggregates().contains(count))
+      {
+         input.withAggregate(count);
+      }
+      input.withSamplePercent(samplePercent);
+      boolean fullPopulation = JsonUtils.toJson(DrillFilters.copy(input.getFilter())).equals(JsonUtils.toJson(populationFilter));
+      List<AggregateResult> result = super.aggregate(input);
+      aggregateRows = fullPopulation && input.getLimit() == null
+         ? result.stream().mapToLong(r -> number(r, primaryKey(input.getTableName()), AggregateOperator.COUNT).longValue()).sum()
+         : sampledCount(input.getTableName(), populationFilter);
+      return (result);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Population rows remain exact; conditional counters estimate their membership.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   @Override
+   public long count(String table, QQueryFilter filter) throws QException
+   {
+      if(samplePercent == null)
+      {
+         return (super.count(table, filter));
+      }
+      if(JsonUtils.toJson(DrillFilters.copy(filter)).equals(JsonUtils.toJson(populationFilter)))
+      {
+         lastCountShare = ProfileSupport.share(populationRows, populationRows);
+         return (populationRows);
+      }
+      long value = sampledCount(table, filter);
+      aggregateRows = sampledCount(table, populationFilter);
+      lastCountShare = ProfileSupport.share(value, aggregateRows);
+      return (aggregateCount(value));
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Round count estimates only after normalizing by observed sample rows.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   @Override
+   protected long aggregateCount(long value)
+   {
+      return (samplePercent == null ? value : aggregateRows == 0 ? 0 : BigDecimal.valueOf(value).multiply(BigDecimal.valueOf(populationRows))
+         .divide(BigDecimal.valueOf(aggregateRows), 0, RoundingMode.HALF_UP).longValueExact());
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Keep ratios in sample units, independent of count rounding.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   @Override
+   protected BigDecimal aggregateShare(long value)
+   {
+      return (samplePercent == null ? null : ProfileSupport.share(value, aggregateRows));
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Conditional groups retain the ratio from their sampled count call.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   @Override
+   protected BigDecimal countShare()
+   {
+      return (samplePercent == null ? null : lastCountShare);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Streamed fallbacks also observe native sampling, without binding sampled ids.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   @Override
+   protected List<QRecord> rows(String table, QQueryFilter filter, Set<String> fields, int limit) throws QException
+   {
+      if(samplePercent == null)
+      {
+         return (super.rows(table, filter, fields, limit));
+      }
+      if(limit == 0 || config.getMaxRows() == 0)
+      {
+         return (List.of());
+      }
+      AggregateInput input = new AggregateInput(table).withFilter(DrillFilters.copy(filter)).withGroupBy(new GroupBy(field(table, primaryKey(table))))
+         .withLimit(Math.min(limit, config.getMaxRows()));
+      fields.stream().filter(f -> !f.equals(primaryKey(table))).forEach(f -> input.withGroupBy(new GroupBy(field(table, f))));
+      List<QRecord> result = new ArrayList<>();
+      for(AggregateResult row : aggregate(input))
+      {
+         QRecord record = new QRecord();
+         row.getGroupByValues().forEach((key, value) -> record.setValue(key.getFieldName(), value));
+         result.add(record);
+      }
+      return (result);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Every field batch shares a COUNT denominator from the same sampled call.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   @Override
+   public Map<String, FieldCounts> fieldCounts(String table, QQueryFilter filter, List<String> fields) throws QException
+   {
+      if(samplePercent == null)
+      {
+         return (super.fieldCounts(table, filter, fields));
+      }
+      Map<String, FieldCounts> result = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+      for(int start = 0; start < fields.size(); start += 20)
+      {
+         List<String> batch = fields.subList(start, Math.min(start + 20, fields.size()));
+         AggregateInput input = new AggregateInput(table).withFilter(DrillFilters.copy(filter));
+         for(String field : batch)
+         {
+            input.withAggregate(countOf(field, AggregateOperator.COUNT)).withAggregate(countOf(field, AggregateOperator.COUNT_DISTINCT));
+         }
+         fieldCountAggregates(input, batch);
+         List<String> stringFields = batch.stream().filter(f -> field(table, f).getType().isStringLike()).toList();
+         List<QRecord> records = stringFields.isEmpty() ? List.of() : rows(table, filter, Set.copyOf(stringFields), config.getMaxRows());
+         List<AggregateResult> results = aggregate(input);
+         long seen = aggregateRows;
+         for(String field : batch)
+         {
+            boolean string = field(table, field).getType().isStringLike();
+            long nonNull = results.isEmpty() ? 0 : number(results.getFirst(), field, AggregateOperator.COUNT).longValue();
+            long distinct = results.isEmpty() ? 0 : number(results.getFirst(), field, AggregateOperator.COUNT_DISTINCT).longValue();
+            long blanks = string && capabilities(table).contains(AggregateCapability.NULL_BLANK_COUNTS) && !results.isEmpty()
+               ? number(results.getFirst(), field, AggregateOperator.COUNT_BLANK).longValue() : seen - nonNull;
+            QQueryFilter blankFilter = DrillFilters.nulls(field, string);
+            if(string)
+            {
+               blankFilter = new QQueryFilter().withBooleanOperator(QQueryFilter.BooleanOperator.OR).withSubFilter(blankFilter);
+               for(String blank : records.stream().map(r -> r.getValueString(field)).filter(Objects::nonNull).filter(String::isBlank).distinct().toList())
+               {
+                  blankFilter.withSubFilter(DrillFilters.condition(field, QCriteriaOperator.EQUALS, blank));
+               }
+            }
+            long blankCount = aggregateCount(blanks);
+            BigDecimal completeness = ProfileSupport.share(seen - blanks, seen);
+            if(string && !capabilities(table).contains(AggregateCapability.NULL_BLANK_COUNTS))
+            {
+               blankCount = count(table, DrillFilters.and(filter, blankFilter));
+               completeness = BigDecimal.ONE.subtract(countShare());
+               aggregateRows = seen;
+            }
+            result.put(field, new FieldCounts(aggregateCount(nonNull), aggregateCount(seen - nonNull), blankCount, aggregateCount(distinct),
+               blankFilter, DrillFilters.nonNull(field, string), ProfileSupport.share(distinct, nonNull), completeness, distinct == 1));
+         }
+      }
+      return (result);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Add supported counters to the existing twenty-field aggregate batch.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   @Override
+   protected void fieldCountAggregates(AggregateInput input, List<String> fields) throws QException
+   {
+      if(capabilities(input.getTableName()).contains(AggregateCapability.NULL_BLANK_COUNTS))
+      {
+         for(String name : fields)
+         {
+            input.withAggregate(new Aggregate(name, AggregateOperator.COUNT_NULL));
+            if(field(input.getTableName(), name).getType().isStringLike())
+            {
+               input.withAggregate(new Aggregate(name, AggregateOperator.COUNT_BLANK));
+            }
+         }
+      }
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Read native counters, falling back to the portable predicate counter.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   @Override
+   protected long fieldCount(String table, QQueryFilter filter, String field, AggregateOperator operator,
+      List<AggregateResult> results, QQueryFilter condition) throws QException
+   {
+      if(capabilities(table).contains(AggregateCapability.NULL_BLANK_COUNTS))
+      {
+         return (results.isEmpty() ? 0 : number(results.getFirst(), field, operator).longValue());
+      }
+      return (super.fieldCount(table, filter, field, operator, results, condition));
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Push each supported statistic, streaming only unavailable operators.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   @Override
+   protected Map<String, BigDecimal> numericMetrics(String table, QQueryFilter filter, String field, List<BigDecimal> percentiles, List<BigDecimal> values) throws QException
+   {
+      Set<AggregateCapability> supported = capabilities(table);
+      if(!supported.containsAll(Set.of(AggregateCapability.STDDEV, AggregateCapability.PERCENTILE)))
+      {
+         return (partialNumericMetrics(table, filter, field, percentiles, values, supported));
+      }
+      return (nativeNumericMetrics(table, filter, field, percentiles, supported));
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Existing streamed arithmetic supplies only unavailable metrics.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   private Map<String, BigDecimal> partialNumericMetrics(String table, QQueryFilter filter, String field, List<BigDecimal> percentiles,
+      List<BigDecimal> values, Set<AggregateCapability> supported) throws QException
+   {
+      Map<String, BigDecimal> metrics = super.numericMetrics(table, filter, field, percentiles, values);
+      metrics.putAll(nativeNumericMetrics(table, filter, field, percentiles, supported));
+      return (metrics);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** One aggregate call computes basic moments and all supported extensions.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   private Map<String, BigDecimal> nativeNumericMetrics(String table, QQueryFilter filter, String field, List<BigDecimal> percentiles,
+      Set<AggregateCapability> supported) throws QException
+   {
+      Map<String, BigDecimal> metrics = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+      AggregateInput input = new AggregateInput(table).withFilter(DrillFilters.copy(filter));
+      Map<AggregateOperator, String> names = Map.of(AggregateOperator.MIN, "min", AggregateOperator.MAX, "max", AggregateOperator.AVG, "mean", AggregateOperator.SUM, "sum", AggregateOperator.STDDEV_SAMP, "stddev");
+      for(AggregateOperator op : names.keySet())
+      {
+         if(op != AggregateOperator.STDDEV_SAMP || supported.contains(AggregateCapability.STDDEV))
+         {
+            input.withAggregate(new Aggregate(field, op));
+         }
+      }
+      if(supported.contains(AggregateCapability.PERCENTILE))
+      {
+         percentiles.forEach(p -> input.withAggregate(new Aggregate(field, AggregateOperator.PERCENTILE_CONT).withPercentile(p)));
+      }
+      for(AggregateResult row : aggregate(input))
+      {
+         row.getAggregateValues().entrySet().stream().filter(e -> e.getKey().getOperator() != AggregateOperator.COUNT).forEach(entry ->
+         {
+            Aggregate key = entry.getKey();
+            Serializable value = entry.getValue();
+            metrics.put(key.getOperator() == AggregateOperator.PERCENTILE_CONT
+               ? "p" + key.getPercentile().multiply(BigDecimal.valueOf(100)).stripTrailingZeros().toPlainString() : names.get(key.getOperator()),
+               value == null ? null : new BigDecimal(value.toString()));
+         });
+      }
+      return (metrics);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Convert native bin numbers into identical half-open drill predicates.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   @Override
+   public List<GroupCount> numericHistogram(String table, QQueryFilter filter, String field, BigDecimal low, BigDecimal high, int bins) throws QException
+   {
+      if(low == null || high == null || low.compareTo(high) >= 0 || !capabilities(table).contains(AggregateCapability.NUMERIC_BUCKET))
+      {
+         return (super.numericHistogram(table, filter, field, low, high, bins));
+      }
+      NiceBins nice = NiceBins.covering(low, high);
+      low = nice.low();
+      high = nice.high();
+      bins = nice.count();
+      GroupBy group = new GroupBy(field(table, field)).withBucket(new NumericBucket(low, high, bins));
+      Map<Serializable, Long> counts = bucketCounts(table, filter, group);
+      List<BigDecimal> values = !estimating && isMemory(table) ? rows(table, filter, Set.of(field), config.getMaxRows()).stream().map(r -> r.getValue(field))
+         .filter(Objects::nonNull).map(v -> new BigDecimal(v.toString())).toList() : List.of();
+      List<GroupCount> result = new ArrayList<>();
+      result.add(new GroupCount(AnalysisFormatting.interval(field(table, field), null, low), AnalysisFormatting.interval(field(table, field), null, low), aggregateCount(counts.getOrDefault(0, 0L)), numericRange(table, field, values, null, low, false), aggregateShare(counts.getOrDefault(0, 0L))));
+      BigDecimal width = high.subtract(low).divide(BigDecimal.valueOf(bins), MathContext.DECIMAL128);
+      for(int i = 0; i < bins; i++)
+      {
+         BigDecimal start = low.add(width.multiply(BigDecimal.valueOf(i)));
+         BigDecimal end = i == bins - 1 ? high : low.add(width.multiply(BigDecimal.valueOf(i + 1)));
+         String label = AnalysisFormatting.interval(field(table, field), start, end);
+         result.add(new GroupCount(label, label, aggregateCount(counts.getOrDefault(i + 1, 0L)), numericRange(table, field, values, start, end, i == bins - 1), aggregateShare(counts.getOrDefault(i + 1, 0L))));
+      }
+      result.add(new GroupCount(AnalysisFormatting.interval(field(table, field), high, null), AnalysisFormatting.interval(field(table, field), high, null), aggregateCount(counts.getOrDefault(bins + 1, 0L)),
+         DrillFilters.and(DrillFilters.condition(field, QCriteriaOperator.IS_NOT_BLANK), DrillFilters.condition(field, QCriteriaOperator.GREATER_THAN, high)), aggregateShare(counts.getOrDefault(bins + 1, 0L))));
+      return (result);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Native dates use the session zone; fill calendar gaps with zero counts.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   @Override
+   public List<GroupCount> dateBuckets(String table, QQueryFilter filter, String field, DateUnit unit, ZoneId zone) throws QException
+   {
+      if(unit == DateUnit.HOUR || unit == DateUnit.QUARTER)
+      {
+         return (super.dateBuckets(table, filter, field, unit, zone));
+      }
+      GroupBy group = new GroupBy(field(table, field)).withBucket(new DateBucket(DateBucketUnit.valueOf(unit.name())));
+      AggregateInput probe = new AggregateInput(table).withGroupBy(group);
+      if(!new QBackendModuleDispatcher().getQBackendModule(probe.getBackend()).getAggregateInterface().getSupportedCapabilities(probe).contains(AggregateCapability.DATE_BUCKET))
+      {
+         return (super.dateBuckets(table, filter, field, unit, zone));
+      }
+      Map<Serializable, Long> counts = bucketCounts(table, filter, group);
+      if(unit == DateUnit.DAY_OF_WEEK || unit == DateUnit.HOUR_OF_DAY)
+      {
+         long seen = aggregateRows;
+         List<GroupCount> conditions = super.dateBuckets(table, filter, field, unit, zone);
+         aggregateRows = seen;
+         return (conditions.stream()
+            .map(g -> new GroupCount(g.value(), g.label(), aggregateCount(counts.getOrDefault(g.value(), 0L)), g.condition(), aggregateShare(counts.getOrDefault(g.value(), 0L)))).toList());
+      }
+      List<LocalDate> dates = counts.keySet().stream().filter(Objects::nonNull).map(v -> (LocalDate) v).sorted().toList();
+      List<GroupCount> result = new ArrayList<>();
+      if(!dates.isEmpty())
+      {
+         LocalDate start = dates.getFirst();
+         while(!start.isAfter(dates.getLast()))
+         {
+            LocalDate end = next(start, unit);
+            String label = AnalysisFormatting.dateBucket(start, unit, zone);
+            result.add(new GroupCount(start, label, aggregateCount(counts.getOrDefault(start, 0L)),
+               DrillFilters.dateRange(field, start, end, field(table, field).getType() == QFieldType.DATE_TIME, zone), aggregateShare(counts.getOrDefault(start, 0L))));
+            start = end;
+         }
+      }
+      return (result);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Length moments are native; the derived length histogram remains streamed.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   @Override
+   public LengthSummary lengthSummary(String table, QQueryFilter filter, String field) throws QException
+   {
+      LengthSummary streamed = super.lengthSummary(table, filter, field);
+      if(capabilities(table).contains(AggregateCapability.STRING_LENGTH))
+      {
+         AggregateInput input = new AggregateInput(table).withFilter(DrillFilters.copy(filter));
+         Map<AggregateOperator, String> names = Map.of(AggregateOperator.MIN_LENGTH, "minLength", AggregateOperator.MAX_LENGTH, "maxLength", AggregateOperator.AVG_LENGTH, "meanLength");
+         names.keySet().forEach(op -> input.withAggregate(new Aggregate(field, op)));
+         for(AggregateResult row : aggregate(input))
+         {
+            row.getAggregateValues().forEach((key, value) ->
+            {
+               if(value != null && names.containsKey(key.getOperator()))
+               {
+                  streamed.metrics().put(names.get(key.getOperator()), new BigDecimal(value.toString()));
+               }
+            });
+         }
+      }
+      return (streamed);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Bucket result keys retain core's typed date or integer values.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   private Map<Serializable, Long> bucketCounts(String table, QQueryFilter filter, GroupBy group) throws QException
+   {
+      Map<Serializable, Long> result = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+      AggregateInput input = new AggregateInput(table).withFilter(DrillFilters.copy(filter)).withGroupBy(group)
+         .withAggregate(countOf(primaryKey(table), AggregateOperator.COUNT));
+      for(AggregateResult row : aggregate(input))
+      {
+         result.put(row.getGroupByValues().get(group), number(row, primaryKey(table), AggregateOperator.COUNT).longValue());
+      }
+      return (result);
+   }
+}

src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/engine/CoreTierFieldAccessResolver.java

@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+/*
+ * QQQ - Low-code Application Framework for Engineers.
+ * Copyright (C) 2021-2025.  Kingsrook, LLC
+ * 651 N Broad St Ste 205 # 6917 | Middletown DE 19709 | United States
+ * contact@kingsrook.com
+ * https://github.com/Kingsrook/
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.engine;
+
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.fields.QFieldMetaData;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.tables.QTableMetaData;
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ ** Optional core bridge: replace with direct calls once QQQ ships the fieldaccess package.
+ ** Class and method discovery happen once; invocation failures fail closed.
+ *******************************************************************************/
+public class CoreTierFieldAccessResolver implements FieldAnalysisAccessResolver
+{
+   private static final CoreTierFieldAccessResolver DEFAULT = discover();
+   private final Method tier;
+   private final Method fingerprint;
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Bind discovered static methods once.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public CoreTierFieldAccessResolver(Class<?> helper) throws ReflectiveOperationException
+   {
+      tier = helper.getMethod("getTier", QTableMetaData.class, String.class);
+      Method optional;
+      try
+      {
+         optional = helper.getMethod("getAccessFingerprint");
+      }
+      catch(NoSuchMethodException e)
+      {
+         optional = null;
+      }
+      fingerprint = optional;
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Resolve the optional class once per class loader.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   private static CoreTierFieldAccessResolver discover()
+   {
+      try
+      {
+         return (new CoreTierFieldAccessResolver(Class.forName("com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.actions.permissions.fieldaccess.FieldAccessHelper")));
+      }
+      catch(ClassNotFoundException e)
+      {
+         return (null);
+      }
+      catch(ReflectiveOperationException e)
+      {
+         throw new ExceptionInInitializerError(e);
+      }
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Use legacy locks only when the core helper class is absent.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public static FieldAnalysisAccessResolver defaultResolver()
+   {
+      return (DEFAULT == null ? new FieldSecurityLockFieldAccessResolver() : DEFAULT);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Unknown tiers and invocation failures never grant analysis rights.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   @Override
+   public FieldAnalysisAccess resolve(QTableMetaData table, QFieldMetaData field)
+   {
+      try
+      {
+         return (switch(String.valueOf(tier.invoke(null, table, field.getName())))
+         {
+            case "FULL" -> FieldAnalysisAccess.FULL;
+            case "REVEALABLE" -> FieldAnalysisAccess.EXACT_MATCH_ONLY;
+            default -> FieldAnalysisAccess.NONE;
+         });
+      }
+      catch(ReflectiveOperationException e)
+      {
+         return (FieldAnalysisAccess.NONE);
+      }
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** A broken fingerprint prevents cache reuse rather than returning stale data.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   @Override
+   public String getAccessFingerprint()
+   {
+      try
+      {
+         return (fingerprint == null ? "" : (String) fingerprint.invoke(null));
+      }
+      catch(ReflectiveOperationException e)
+      {
+         throw new IllegalStateException("Could not resolve field access fingerprint.", e);
+      }
+   }
+}

src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/engine/DistinctValues.java

@@ -34,13 +34,23 @@ import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.fields.QFieldMetaData;
 public class DistinctValues
 {
    private final AnalysisBackend backend;
+   private final FieldAnalysisAccessResolver fieldAccess;
 
    /*******************************************************************************
     ** Bind primitive operations.
     *******************************************************************************/
    public DistinctValues(AnalysisBackend backend)
+   {
+      this(backend, CoreTierFieldAccessResolver.defaultResolver());
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Bind the host field policy for possible-value labels.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public DistinctValues(AnalysisBackend backend, FieldAnalysisAccessResolver fieldAccess)
    {
       this.backend = backend;
+      this.fieldAccess = fieldAccess;
    }
 
 
@@ -60,7 +70,7 @@ public class DistinctValues
       boolean wholeListing = config.getMinGroupSize() > 0 || request.getSearch() != null && !request.getSearch().isBlank();
       int fetch = wholeListing ? Math.max(1, config.getMaxRows()) : request.getPageSize() + 1;
       List<ValueCount> values = ProfileSupport.values(request.getTableName(), scope.filter(), field,
-         backend.topValues(request.getTableName(), scope.filter(), field.getName(), fetch, wholeListing ? 0 : offset, request.getSearch()), scope.rowsScanned());
+         backend.topValues(request.getTableName(), scope.filter(), field.getName(), fetch, wholeListing ? 0 : offset, request.getSearch()), scope.rowsScanned(), fieldAccess);
       long totalDistinct = wholeListing ? values.stream().filter(v -> v.getValue() != null).count()
          : backend.fieldCounts(request.getTableName(), scope.filter(), List.of(field.getName())).get(field.getName()).distinct();
       values = new MinGroupSizeGuard(config.getMinGroupSize()).groups(values);

src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/engine/DrillFilters.java

@@ -75,11 +75,63 @@ public final class DrillFilters
     *******************************************************************************/
    public static Drill drill(String table, QQueryFilter original, QQueryFilter condition)
    {
-      return (new Drill().withTableName(table).withFilter(and(original, condition)));
+      QQueryFilter filter = and(original, condition);
+      var instance = com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.context.QContext.getQInstance();
+      if(instance != null && "memory".equals(instance.getBackend(instance.getTable(table).getBackendName()).getBackendType()))
+      {
+         filter = memoryTemporalBounds(restoreTypes(table, filter));
+      }
+      return (new Drill().withTableName(table).withFilter(filter));
    }
 
 
 
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Memory's inclusive lower bound uses Java equality, which differs after
+    ** HTTP turns dates into strings. Strict lower bounds avoid that equality.
+    ** Only memory uses this adjustment: SQL timestamp precision may be coarser.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   private static QQueryFilter memoryTemporalBounds(QQueryFilter filter)
+   {
+      filter.setSubFilters(new java.util.ArrayList<>(filter.getSubFilters()));
+      for(var criterion : new java.util.ArrayList<>(filter.getCriteria()))
+      {
+         if(criterion.getValues() != null && !criterion.getValues().isEmpty()
+            && criterion.getValues().stream().allMatch(v -> v instanceof java.time.Instant || v instanceof LocalDate)
+            && (criterion.getOperator() == QCriteriaOperator.EQUALS || criterion.getOperator() == QCriteriaOperator.IN))
+         {
+            QQueryFilter members = new QQueryFilter().withBooleanOperator(QQueryFilter.BooleanOperator.OR);
+            for(Serializable value : criterion.getValues())
+            {
+               members.withSubFilter(range(criterion.getFieldName(), value, value, true));
+            }
+            filter.getCriteria().remove(criterion);
+            filter.withSubFilter(members);
+            continue;
+         }
+         if(criterion.getValues() != null && criterion.getValues().size() == 1)
+         {
+            Serializable value = criterion.getValues().getFirst();
+            if(value instanceof java.time.Instant || value instanceof LocalDate)
+            {
+               Serializable previous = value instanceof java.time.Instant instant ? instant.minusNanos(1) : ((LocalDate) value).minusDays(1);
+               if(criterion.getOperator() == QCriteriaOperator.GREATER_THAN_OR_EQUALS)
+               {
+                  criterion.setOperator(QCriteriaOperator.GREATER_THAN);
+                  criterion.setValues(List.of(previous));
+               }
+               else if(criterion.getOperator() == QCriteriaOperator.LESS_THAN)
+               {
+                  criterion.setOperator(QCriteriaOperator.LESS_THAN_OR_EQUALS);
+                  criterion.setValues(List.of(previous));
+               }
+            }
+         }
+      }
+      filter.getSubFilters().forEach(DrillFilters::memoryTemporalBounds);
+      return (filter);
+   }
+
    /*******************************************************************************
     ** One criterion, including predicates without operands.
     *******************************************************************************/
@@ -116,7 +168,7 @@ public final class DrillFilters
       QQueryFilter result = condition(field, QCriteriaOperator.IS_NOT_BLANK);
       if(string)
       {
-         result.withBooleanOperator(QQueryFilter.BooleanOperator.OR).withCriteria(field, QCriteriaOperator.EQUALS, "");
+         result.withBooleanOperator(QQueryFilter.BooleanOperator.OR).withSubFilter(emptyString(field));
       }
       return (result);
    }
@@ -128,7 +180,8 @@ public final class DrillFilters
     *******************************************************************************/
    public static QQueryFilter value(String field, Serializable value, boolean string)
    {
-      return (value == null ? nulls(field, string) : condition(field, QCriteriaOperator.EQUALS, value));
+      return (value == null ? nulls(field, string) : "".equals(value) ? emptyString(field)
+         : value instanceof java.time.Instant || value instanceof LocalDate ? range(field, value, value, true) : condition(field, QCriteriaOperator.EQUALS, value));
    }
 
 
@@ -181,11 +234,33 @@ public final class DrillFilters
     *******************************************************************************/
    public static QQueryFilter in(String field, List<? extends Serializable> values)
    {
+      if(values.stream().anyMatch(v -> v instanceof java.time.Instant || v instanceof LocalDate))
+      {
+         QQueryFilter result = new QQueryFilter().withBooleanOperator(QQueryFilter.BooleanOperator.OR);
+         values.forEach(value -> result.withSubFilter(range(field, value, value, true)));
+         return (result);
+      }
+      if(values.contains(""))
+      {
+         List<? extends Serializable> nonEmpty = values.stream().filter(v -> !"".equals(v)).toList();
+         return (new QQueryFilter().withBooleanOperator(QQueryFilter.BooleanOperator.OR).withSubFilter(emptyString(field)).withSubFilter(in(field, nonEmpty)));
+      }
       return (values.isEmpty() ? condition(field, QCriteriaOperator.FALSE) : new QQueryFilter().withCriteria(field, QCriteriaOperator.IN, values));
    }
 
 
 
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Core HTTP interpretation treats empty string operands as missing inputs.
+    ** A zero-length predicate expresses the same set without an empty operand.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   private static QQueryFilter emptyString(String field)
+   {
+      return (new QQueryFilter().withCriteria(new com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.query.QFilterCriteria(field, QCriteriaOperator.EQUALS, 0)
+         .withFieldFunction(new com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.fields.functions.FieldFunction().withFieldName(field)
+            .withFunctionTypeIdentifier(com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.fields.functions.implementations.StringLengthFunction.IDENTIFIER))));
+   }
+
    /*******************************************************************************
     ** JSON has no temporal scalar types. Restore them from current metadata before
     ** a cached drill is handed back to core, without mutating the stored filter.

src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/engine/DuplicateFinder.java

@@ -51,6 +51,6 @@ public class DuplicateFinder
       return (new DuplicatesResult().withTableName(request.getTableName()).withFields(request.getFields()).withFilter(DrillFilters.copy(request.getFilter()))
          .withRowsScanned(scope.rowsScanned()).withTruncated(scope.truncated()).withAsOf(Instant.now())
          .withGroups(new MinGroupSizeGuard(config.getMinGroupSize()).groups(ProfileSupport.values(request.getTableName(), scope.filter(), null,
-            backend.duplicates(request.getTableName(), scope.filter(), request.getFields(), 50), scope.rowsScanned()))));
+            backend.duplicates(request.getTableName(), scope.filter(), request.getFields(), request.getLimit()), scope.rowsScanned()))));
    }
 }

src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/engine/FieldAnalysisAccess.java

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+/*
+ * QQQ - Low-code Application Framework for Engineers.
+ * Copyright (C) 2021-2025.  Kingsrook, LLC
+ * 651 N Broad St Ste 205 # 6917 | Middletown DE 19709 | United States
+ * contact@kingsrook.com
+ * https://github.com/Kingsrook/
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.engine;
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ ** Analysis access is stricter than the ability to submit an exact query.
+ *******************************************************************************/
+public enum FieldAnalysisAccess
+{
+   FULL, EXACT_MATCH_ONLY, NONE
+}

src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/engine/FieldAnalysisAccessResolver.java

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+/*
+ * QQQ - Low-code Application Framework for Engineers.
+ * Copyright (C) 2021-2025.  Kingsrook, LLC
+ * 651 N Broad St Ste 205 # 6917 | Middletown DE 19709 | United States
+ * contact@kingsrook.com
+ * https://github.com/Kingsrook/
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.engine;
+
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.fields.QFieldMetaData;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.tables.QTableMetaData;
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ ** Resolve the current user's analysis rights without exposing protected values.
+ *******************************************************************************/
+public interface FieldAnalysisAccessResolver
+{
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Only FULL fields may contribute generated analysis predicates.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   FieldAnalysisAccess resolve(QTableMetaData table, QFieldMetaData field);
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Optional core policy fingerprint supplements the FULL-field list hash.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   default String getAccessFingerprint()
+   {
+      return ("");
+   }
+}

src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/engine/FieldSecurityLockFieldAccessResolver.java

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+/*
+ * QQQ - Low-code Application Framework for Engineers.
+ * Copyright (C) 2021-2025.  Kingsrook, LLC
+ * 651 N Broad St Ste 205 # 6917 | Middletown DE 19709 | United States
+ * contact@kingsrook.com
+ * https://github.com/Kingsrook/
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.engine;
+
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.actions.permissions.FieldSecurityLockHelper;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.fields.QFieldMetaData;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.tables.QTableMetaData;
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ ** Legacy lock adapter. The core tier API (qbit-secured-data) will map REVEALABLE
+ ** to EXACT_MATCH_ONLY, MASKED/HIDDEN without filter rights to NONE, and
+ ** MASKED/HIDDEN with filter rights to FULL.
+ *******************************************************************************/
+public class FieldSecurityLockFieldAccessResolver implements FieldAnalysisAccessResolver
+{
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Keep the legacy lock enforcement when core tiers are not installed.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   @Override
+   public FieldAnalysisAccess resolve(QTableMetaData table, QFieldMetaData field)
+   {
+      return (FieldSecurityLockHelper.isFieldAccessible(field) ? FieldAnalysisAccess.FULL : FieldAnalysisAccess.NONE);
+   }
+}

src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/engine/MetricLabels.java

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+/*
+ * QQQ - Low-code Application Framework for Engineers.
+ * Copyright (C) 2021-2025.  Kingsrook, LLC
+ * 651 N Broad St Ste 205 # 6917 | Middletown DE 19709 | United States
+ * contact@kingsrook.com
+ * https://github.com/Kingsrook/
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.engine;
+
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.ValueType;
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ ** One vocabulary for every emitted metric, including date-specific extrema.
+ *******************************************************************************/
+public final class MetricLabels
+{
+   private static final Map<String, String> LABELS = Map.ofEntries(
+      Map.entry("count", "Count"), Map.entry("delta", "Difference"), Map.entry("percentDelta", "Percent change"),
+      Map.entry("psi", "Population stability index"), Map.entry("rowShare", "Row share"), Map.entry("columnShare", "Column share"),
+      Map.entry("rows", "Rows"), Map.entry("nonNull", "Non-empty"), Map.entry("nulls", "Nulls"),
+      Map.entry("blanks", "Blanks"), Map.entry("distinct", "Distinct values"), Map.entry("uniqueness", "Uniqueness"),
+      Map.entry("completeness", "Completeness"), Map.entry("share", "Share"),
+      Map.entry("min", "Minimum"), Map.entry("max", "Maximum"), Map.entry("mean", "Mean"),
+      Map.entry("median", "Median"), Map.entry("stddev", "Standard deviation"), Map.entry("sum", "Sum"),
+      Map.entry("zeros", "Zeros"), Map.entry("negatives", "Negatives"), Map.entry("outliers", "Outliers"),
+      Map.entry("p1", "1st percentile"), Map.entry("p5", "5th percentile"), Map.entry("p25", "25th percentile (Q1)"),
+      Map.entry("p50", "Median"), Map.entry("p75", "75th percentile (Q3)"), Map.entry("p95", "95th percentile"), Map.entry("p99", "99th percentile"),
+      Map.entry("minLength", "Shortest"), Map.entry("maxLength", "Longest"), Map.entry("meanLength", "Average length"),
+      Map.entry("earliest", "Earliest"), Map.entry("latest", "Latest"), Map.entry("range", "Range"),
+      Map.entry("true", "True"), Map.entry("false", "False"), Map.entry("other", "Other"));
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Utility class.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   private MetricLabels()
+   {
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fail at construction when a new metric lacks a human label.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public static String label(String key, ValueType type)
+   {
+      if(type == ValueType.DATE || type == ValueType.DATE_TIME)
+      {
+         key = "min".equals(key) ? "earliest" : "max".equals(key) ? "latest" : key;
+      }
+      return (Objects.requireNonNull(LABELS.get(key), "Missing metric label: " + key));
+   }
+}

src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/engine/MinGroupSizeGuard.java

@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ public class MinGroupSizeGuard
       }
       if(hidden > 0)
       {
-         result.add(new ValueCount().withLabel("Other (" + hidden + " groups below " + minimum + ")").withCount(count).withShare(share));
+         result.add(new ValueCount().withLabel("Other (" + hidden + " groups below " + minimum + ")").withCount(count).withShare(AnalysisFormatting.ratio(share)));
       }
       return (result);
    }
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ public class MinGroupSizeGuard
             List<ValueCount> booleanGroups = profile.getBooleans().stream().map(m -> new ValueCount().withValue(m.getKey()).withLabel(m.getLabel())
                .withCount(((Number) m.getValue()).longValue()).withShare(ProfileSupport.share(((Number) m.getValue()).longValue(), rows)).withDrill(m.getDrill())).toList();
             profile.withBooleans(groups(booleanGroups).stream().map(v -> ProfileSupport.metric(v.getValue() == null ? "other" : v.getValue().toString(), v.getCount(),
-               com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.ValueType.COUNT).withLabel(v.getLabel()).withDrill(v.getDrill())).toList());
+               com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.ValueType.COUNT).withDrill(v.getDrill())).toList());
          }
       }
       if(profile.getNumeric() != null)
@@ -143,4 +143,16 @@ public class MinGroupSizeGuard
          profile.getText().withHistogram(groups(profile.getText().getHistogram())).withPatterns(groups(profile.getText().getPatterns()));
       }
    }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Small pivot cells suppress every measure, including count, with no drill.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public void pivotMetrics(List<Metric> metrics, long rows)
+   {
+      if(rows < minimum)
+      {
+         metrics.forEach(m -> m.withValue(null).withFormatted(null).withDrill(null).withSuppressed(true)
+            .withSuppressedReason("Hidden: fewer than " + minimum + " records"));
+      }
+   }
 }

src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/engine/NiceBins.java

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+/*
+ * QQQ - Low-code Application Framework for Engineers.
+ * Copyright (C) 2021-2025.  Kingsrook, LLC
+ * 651 N Broad St Ste 205 # 6917 | Middletown DE 19709 | United States
+ * contact@kingsrook.com
+ * https://github.com/Kingsrook/
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.engine;
+
+import java.math.BigDecimal;
+import java.math.RoundingMode;
+import java.util.List;
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ ** Exact decimal boundaries with a readable step and approximately twenty bins.
+ *******************************************************************************/
+public record NiceBins(BigDecimal low, BigDecimal high, int count)
+{
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Select the closest 10..25-bin enclosure from 1, 2, 2.5 and 5 times powers of ten.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public static NiceBins covering(BigDecimal low, BigDecimal high)
+   {
+      return (covering(low, high, 20));
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Choose readable enclosing edges for a requested pivot bin count.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public static NiceBins covering(BigDecimal low, BigDecimal high, int target)
+   {
+      BigDecimal span = high.subtract(low);
+      if(span.signum() == 0)
+      {
+         span = low.abs().max(BigDecimal.ONE);
+         low = low.subtract(span.divide(BigDecimal.valueOf(2)));
+         high = high.add(span.divide(BigDecimal.valueOf(2)));
+      }
+      int exponent = span.precision() - span.scale() - Integer.toString(target).length();
+      NiceBins best = null;
+      for(int power = exponent - 2; power <= exponent + 2; power++)
+      {
+         for(String factor : List.of("1", "2", "2.5", "5"))
+         {
+            BigDecimal step = new BigDecimal(factor).scaleByPowerOfTen(power);
+            BigDecimal first = low.divide(step, 0, RoundingMode.FLOOR).multiply(step);
+            BigDecimal last = high.divide(step, 0, RoundingMode.CEILING).multiply(step);
+            int count = last.subtract(first).divide(step).intValueExact();
+            if(count >= Math.max(1, target / 2) && count <= Math.max(2, target * 5 / 4) && (best == null || Math.abs(count - target) < Math.abs(best.count() - target)))
+            {
+               best = new NiceBins(first, last, count);
+            }
+         }
+      }
+      return (java.util.Objects.requireNonNull(best));
+   }
+}

src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/engine/PivotExplorer.java

@@ -0,0 +1,642 @@
+/*
+ * QQQ - Low-code Application Framework for Engineers.
+ * Copyright (C) 2021-2025.  Kingsrook, LLC
+ * 651 N Broad St Ste 205 # 6917 | Middletown DE 19709 | United States
+ * contact@kingsrook.com
+ * https://github.com/Kingsrook/
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.engine;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.math.BigDecimal;
+import java.math.MathContext;
+import java.time.Instant;
+import java.time.LocalDate;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
+import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.Metric;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.PivotCell;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.PivotDimension;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.PivotHeader;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.PivotMeasure;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.PivotMeasureInfo;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.PivotRequest;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.PivotResult;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.ValueType;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.actions.permissions.PermissionEnforcement;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.actions.tables.AggregateAction;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.context.QContext;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.exceptions.QBadRequestException;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.exceptions.QException;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.aggregate.Aggregate;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.aggregate.AggregateInput;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.aggregate.AggregateOperator;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.aggregate.AggregateResult;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.aggregate.DateBucket;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.aggregate.DateBucketUnit;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.aggregate.GroupBy;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.aggregate.NumericBucket;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.aggregate.QFilterOrderByAggregate;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.query.QCriteriaOperator;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.query.QQueryFilter;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.query.QueryJoin;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.fields.QFieldMetaData;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.fields.QFieldType;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.joins.JoinType;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.tables.ExposedJoin;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.utils.ValueUtils;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.utils.aggregates.AggregateAnalysis;
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ ** Request-local pivot planner. Core executes every aggregate with ENFORCE.
+ ** Merged cells are re-aggregated so non-additive measures remain exact.
+ *******************************************************************************/
+public class PivotExplorer
+{
+   private final AnalysisSecurity security;
+   private final EffectiveConfig config;
+   private final List<QueryJoin> joins = new ArrayList<>();
+   private final LinkedHashSet<String> toManyTables = new LinkedHashSet<>();
+   private final LinkedHashSet<String> multiHopTables = new LinkedHashSet<>();
+   private PivotRequest request;
+   private Aggregate count;
+   private final List<Aggregate> measures = new ArrayList<>();
+   private final List<PivotMeasureInfo> measureInfo = new ArrayList<>();
+   private boolean partial;
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Bind the current user's policy and bounded streamed fallback.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public PivotExplorer(AnalysisSecurity security, EffectiveConfig config)
+   {
+      this.security = security;
+      this.config = config;
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** One slot is a visible group or the exact complement of the kept groups.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   private record Slot(Serializable value, String label, QQueryFilter condition, boolean other)
+   {
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Dimension state owns predicates, so no generated filter names hidden fields.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   private record Dimension(GroupBy group, QFieldMetaData field, Map<Serializable, Slot> kept, Map<Serializable, Long> counts, Slot other)
+   {
+      /*******************************************************************************
+       ** Return the kept group, Other, or null for a privacy-suppressed group.
+       *******************************************************************************/
+      Slot slot(Serializable value, int minimum)
+      {
+         return (counts.getOrDefault(value, 0L) < minimum ? null : kept.getOrDefault(value, other));
+      }
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Validate the complete plan before any source computation.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public PivotResult execute(PivotRequest request) throws QException
+   {
+      this.request = request;
+      validate();
+      String primaryKey = QContext.getQInstance().getTable(request.getTableName()).getPrimaryKeyField();
+      count = new Aggregate(primaryKey, AggregateOperator.COUNT).withFieldType(QFieldType.INTEGER);
+      List<PivotDimension> requested = new ArrayList<>(request.getRows());
+      requested.addAll(request.getColumns());
+      List<QFieldMetaData> fields = new ArrayList<>();
+      for(PivotDimension dimension : requested)
+      {
+         fields.add(resolve(dimension.getField()));
+      }
+      for(int i = 0; i < request.getValues().size(); i++)
+      {
+         prepareMeasure(request.getValues().get(i), i);
+      }
+      List<Dimension> dimensions = new ArrayList<>();
+      for(int i = 0; i < requested.size(); i++)
+      {
+         dimensions.add(dimension(requested.get(i), fields.get(i)));
+      }
+      int rowCount = request.getRows().size();
+      List<Dimension> rows = dimensions.subList(0, rowCount);
+      List<Dimension> columns = dimensions.subList(rowCount, dimensions.size());
+      PivotResult result = new PivotResult().withAsOf(Instant.now()).withMeasures(measureInfo)
+         .withTruncatedRows(rows.stream().anyMatch(d -> d.other() != null))
+         .withTruncatedColumns(columns.stream().anyMatch(d -> d.other() != null));
+      Map<List<Slot>, List<Metric>> matrix = level(dimensions);
+      Map<List<Slot>, List<Metric>> rowTotals = request.getShowTotals() || config.getMinGroupSize() > 0 ? level(rows) : Map.of();
+      Map<List<Slot>, List<Metric>> columnTotals = request.getShowTotals() || config.getMinGroupSize() > 0 ? level(columns) : Map.of();
+      List<List<Slot>> rowKeys = new ArrayList<>();
+      List<List<Slot>> columnKeys = new ArrayList<>();
+      for(var entry : matrix.entrySet())
+      {
+         List<Slot> row = List.copyOf(entry.getKey().subList(0, rowCount));
+         List<Slot> column = List.copyOf(entry.getKey().subList(rowCount, dimensions.size()));
+         if(config.getMinGroupSize() > 0 && (rowTotals.getOrDefault(row, List.of()).stream().allMatch(m -> m.getSuppressed())
+            || columnTotals.getOrDefault(column, List.of()).stream().allMatch(m -> m.getSuppressed())))
+         {
+            continue;
+         }
+         if(!rowKeys.contains(row))
+         {
+            rowKeys.add(row);
+         }
+         if(!columnKeys.contains(column))
+         {
+            columnKeys.add(column);
+         }
+         result.getCells().add(new PivotCell().withRowIndex(rowKeys.indexOf(row)).withColumnIndex(columnKeys.indexOf(column)).withValues(entry.getValue()));
+      }
+      result.withRowHeaders(headers(rowKeys)).withColumnHeaders(headers(columnKeys));
+      if(request.getShowTotals())
+      {
+         rowKeys.forEach(key -> result.getRowTotals().add(rowTotals.getOrDefault(key, List.of())));
+         columnKeys.forEach(key -> result.getColumnTotals().add(columnTotals.getOrDefault(key, List.of())));
+         result.withGrandTotals(level(List.of()).getOrDefault(List.of(), List.of()));
+      }
+      for(String tableName : toManyTables)
+      {
+         result.getWarnings().add("Counts include one row per related " + QContext.getQInstance().getTable(tableName).getLabel()
+            + "; drill-through is not available for this dimension.");
+      }
+      for(String tableName : multiHopTables)
+      {
+         result.getWarnings().add("Drill-through is not available for fields reached through more than one join (" + QContext.getQInstance().getTable(tableName).getLabel() + ").");
+      }
+      if(config.getMinGroupSize() > 0)
+      {
+         result.getWarnings().add("Groups below " + config.getMinGroupSize() + " records are omitted; small cells and totals are suppressed.");
+      }
+      if(partial)
+      {
+         result.withEstimate(true);
+         result.getWarnings().add("Partial pivot: the streamed row limit was reached. Drills are disabled because aggregates may cover different prefixes.");
+         result.getCells().forEach(c -> disableDrills(c.getValues()));
+         result.getRowTotals().forEach(this::disableDrills);
+         result.getColumnTotals().forEach(this::disableDrills);
+         disableDrills(result.getGrandTotals());
+      }
+      return (result);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Reject invalid shapes and types before aggregate execution.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   private void validate() throws QException
+   {
+      if(request.getRows() == null || request.getRows().isEmpty() || request.getRows().size() > 3
+         || request.getColumns() == null || request.getColumns().size() > 2 || request.getValues() == null
+         || request.getValues().isEmpty() || request.getValues().size() > 6 || request.getShowTotals() == null
+         || request.getLimitGroups() == null || request.getLimitGroups() < 1 || request.getLimitGroups() > 200)
+      {
+         throw new QBadRequestException("Choose 1�3 row dimensions, 0�2 column dimensions, 1�6 measures and a group limit from 1 to 200.");
+      }
+      List<PivotDimension> dimensions = new ArrayList<>(request.getRows());
+      dimensions.addAll(request.getColumns());
+      LinkedHashSet<String> names = new LinkedHashSet<>();
+      for(PivotDimension dimension : dimensions)
+      {
+         if(dimension == null || dimension.getField() == null || !names.add(dimension.getField()))
+         {
+            throw new QBadRequestException("Choose distinct dimension fields.");
+         }
+         QFieldMetaData field = resolve(dimension.getField());
+         var bins = dimension.getNumericBins();
+         if(dimension.getDateBucket() != null && (bins != null || field.getType() != QFieldType.DATE && field.getType() != QFieldType.DATE_TIME)
+            || bins != null && (!numeric(field) || bins.getCount() == null || bins.getCount() < 1 || bins.getCount() > 200
+               || bins.getMin() != null && bins.getMax() != null && bins.getMin().compareTo(bins.getMax()) >= 0))
+         {
+            throw new QBadRequestException("Buckets must match the field type; numeric bins require 1�200 bins and min < max.");
+         }
+      }
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Only exposed, unambiguous paths may introduce a joined field.
+    ** The installed snapshot has no related-record picker join-path helper.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   private QFieldMetaData resolve(String name) throws QException
+   {
+      if(name == null || !name.contains("."))
+      {
+         return (security.field(request.getTableName(), name));
+      }
+      String[] parts = name.split("\\.", -1);
+      var table = QContext.getQInstance().getTable(request.getTableName());
+      List<ExposedJoin> exposed = table.getExposedJoins() == null ? List.of() : table.getExposedJoins();
+      List<ExposedJoin> paths = exposed.stream().filter(j -> j.getJoinTable().equals(parts[0])).toList();
+      if(parts.length != 2 || paths.size() != 1 || paths.getFirst().getJoinPath() == null || paths.getFirst().getJoinPath().isEmpty())
+      {
+         throw new QBadRequestException("Unknown analysis field.");
+      }
+      String current = table.getName();
+      boolean toOne = true;
+      for(String joinName : paths.getFirst().getJoinPath())
+      {
+         var metadata = QContext.getQInstance().getJoin(joinName);
+         if(metadata == null || !current.equals(metadata.getLeftTable()) && !current.equals(metadata.getRightTable()))
+         {
+            throw new QBadRequestException("Unknown analysis field.");
+         }
+         String next = current.equals(metadata.getLeftTable()) ? metadata.getRightTable() : metadata.getLeftTable();
+         JoinType type = metadata.getType();
+         if(type != null && current.equals(metadata.getRightTable()))
+         {
+            type = type.flip();
+         }
+         toOne &= type == JoinType.MANY_TO_ONE || type == JoinType.ONE_TO_ONE;
+         security.joinedTable(next);
+         QueryJoin existing = joins.stream().filter(j -> next.equals(j.getJoinTable())).findFirst().orElse(null);
+         if(existing == null)
+         {
+            joins.add(new QueryJoin(current, next).withJoinMetaData(metadata));
+         }
+         else if(!existing.getJoinMetaData().getName().equals(joinName))
+         {
+            throw new QBadRequestException("Ambiguous analysis join path.");
+         }
+         current = next;
+      }
+      if(!current.equals(parts[0]))
+      {
+         throw new QBadRequestException("Unknown analysis field.");
+      }
+      if(!toOne)
+      {
+         toManyTables.add(current);
+      }
+      else if(paths.getFirst().getJoinPath().size() > 1)
+      {
+         ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+         // counts are per record, but core's implicit joins for a multi-hop filter     //
+         // do not reproduce them on every backend yet (memory counts differ), so no   //
+         // drill until that is fixed in core                                          //
+         ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+         multiHopTables.add(current);
+      }
+      return (security.joinedField(parts[0], parts[1]));
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Count records even when a supplied COUNT field is nullable.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   private void prepareMeasure(PivotMeasure measure, int index) throws QException
+   {
+      if(measure == null || measure.getOperator() == null)
+      {
+         throw new QBadRequestException("Choose a measure operator.");
+      }
+      QFieldMetaData field = measure.getField() == null && measure.getOperator() == PivotMeasure.Operator.COUNT ? null : resolve(measure.getField());
+      PivotMeasure.Operator operator = measure.getOperator();
+      if((operator == PivotMeasure.Operator.SUM || operator == PivotMeasure.Operator.AVG || operator == PivotMeasure.Operator.PERCENTILE) && !numeric(field)
+         || operator == PivotMeasure.Operator.PERCENTILE && (measure.getPercentile() == null || measure.getPercentile().signum() < 0 || measure.getPercentile().compareTo(BigDecimal.ONE) > 0)
+         || operator != PivotMeasure.Operator.PERCENTILE && measure.getPercentile() != null)
+      {
+         throw new QBadRequestException("Numeric measures require a numeric field; percentile must be between 0 and 1.");
+      }
+      Aggregate aggregate = operator == PivotMeasure.Operator.COUNT ? count : new Aggregate(measure.getField(),
+         operator == PivotMeasure.Operator.PERCENTILE ? AggregateOperator.PERCENTILE_CONT : AggregateOperator.valueOf(operator.name()));
+      if(operator == PivotMeasure.Operator.PERCENTILE)
+      {
+         aggregate.withPercentile(measure.getPercentile());
+      }
+      if(operator == PivotMeasure.Operator.COUNT_DISTINCT)
+      {
+         aggregate.withFieldType(QFieldType.INTEGER);
+      }
+      measures.add(aggregate);
+      ValueType type = operator == PivotMeasure.Operator.COUNT || operator == PivotMeasure.Operator.COUNT_DISTINCT ? ValueType.COUNT
+         : numeric(field) ? ValueType.DECIMAL : field.getType() == QFieldType.DATE ? ValueType.DATE : field.getType() == QFieldType.DATE_TIME ? ValueType.DATE_TIME : ValueType.TEXT;
+      measureInfo.add(new PivotMeasureInfo().withKey("value" + index).withLabel(measureLabel(measure, field)).withValueType(type));
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Human measure labels shared by headers, totals and cells.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   private static String measureLabel(PivotMeasure measure, QFieldMetaData field)
+   {
+      String label = field == null ? "" : field.getLabel();
+      return (switch(measure.getOperator())
+      {
+         case COUNT -> "Count";
+         case AVG -> "Average " + label;
+         case SUM -> "Sum of " + label;
+         case COUNT_DISTINCT -> "Distinct " + label;
+         case MIN -> "Minimum " + label;
+         case MAX -> "Maximum " + label;
+         case PERCENTILE -> measure.getPercentile().compareTo(new BigDecimal("0.5")) == 0 ? "Median " + label
+            : ordinal(measure.getPercentile().multiply(BigDecimal.valueOf(100))) + " percentile of " + label;
+      });
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** English ordinal suffixes, including the eleventh through thirteenth.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   private static String ordinal(BigDecimal value)
+   {
+      int number = value.intValue();
+      String suffix = number % 100 >= 11 && number % 100 <= 13 ? "th" : switch(number % 10)
+      {
+         case 1 -> "st";
+         case 2 -> "nd";
+         case 3 -> "rd";
+         default -> "th";
+      };
+      return (value.stripTrailingZeros().toPlainString() + suffix);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Numeric buckets and moments accept the same numeric QQQ field types.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   private static boolean numeric(QFieldMetaData field)
+   {
+      return (field != null && (field.getType() == QFieldType.INTEGER || field.getType() == QFieldType.LONG || field.getType() == QFieldType.DECIMAL));
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Select top groups first, then collect cardinality and privacy counts.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   private Dimension dimension(PivotDimension requested, QFieldMetaData field) throws QException
+   {
+      GroupBy group = new GroupBy(field.getType(), requested.getField());
+      if(requested.getDateBucket() != null)
+      {
+         group.withBucket(new DateBucket(requested.getDateBucket()));
+      }
+      if(requested.getNumericBins() != null)
+      {
+         var bins = requested.getNumericBins();
+         BigDecimal low = bins.getMin();
+         BigDecimal high = bins.getMax();
+         if(low == null || high == null)
+         {
+            Aggregate min = new Aggregate(requested.getField(), AggregateOperator.MIN);
+            Aggregate max = new Aggregate(requested.getField(), AggregateOperator.MAX);
+            var extrema = aggregate(List.of(), request.getFilter(), List.of(min, max), null);
+            Serializable first = extrema.isEmpty() ? null : extrema.getFirst().getAggregateValues().get(min);
+            Serializable last = extrema.isEmpty() ? null : extrema.getFirst().getAggregateValues().get(max);
+            NiceBins nice = NiceBins.covering(first == null ? BigDecimal.ZERO : new BigDecimal(first.toString()), last == null ? BigDecimal.ONE : new BigDecimal(last.toString()), bins.getCount());
+            low = low == null ? nice.low() : low;
+            high = high == null ? nice.high() : high;
+         }
+         if(low.compareTo(high) >= 0)
+         {
+            throw new QBadRequestException("Numeric bin min must be below max.");
+         }
+         group.withBucket(new NumericBucket(low, high, bins.getCount()));
+      }
+      List<AggregateResult> top = aggregate(List.of(group), request.getFilter(), List.of(count), request.getLimitGroups());
+      List<AggregateResult> all = aggregate(List.of(group), request.getFilter(), List.of(count), null);
+      Map<Serializable, Long> counts = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+      all.forEach(r -> counts.put(r.getGroupByValues().get(group), count(r)));
+      Map<Serializable, Slot> kept = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+      for(AggregateResult row : top)
+      {
+         Serializable value = row.getGroupByValues().get(group);
+         if(count(row) >= config.getMinGroupSize())
+         {
+            kept.put(value, new Slot(value, label(group, field, value), condition(group, field, value), false));
+         }
+      }
+      List<Serializable> remaining = counts.keySet().stream().filter(v -> !kept.containsKey(v) && counts.get(v) >= config.getMinGroupSize()).toList();
+      Slot other = null;
+      if(!remaining.isEmpty())
+      {
+         QQueryFilter predicate;
+         if(group.getBucket() == null && field.getType() != QFieldType.BOOLEAN && config.getMinGroupSize() == 0 && !kept.containsKey("") && kept.keySet().stream().noneMatch(v -> v instanceof Instant || v instanceof LocalDate))
+         {
+            List<Serializable> values = kept.keySet().stream().filter(Objects::nonNull).toList();
+            predicate = values.isEmpty() ? new QQueryFilter() : new QQueryFilter().withCriteria(group.getFieldName(), QCriteriaOperator.NOT_IN, values);
+            predicate = DrillFilters.and(predicate, DrillFilters.nonNull(group.getFieldName(), field.getType().isStringLike()));
+            if(!kept.containsKey(null))
+            {
+               predicate = new QQueryFilter().withBooleanOperator(QQueryFilter.BooleanOperator.OR).withSubFilter(predicate).withSubFilter(DrillFilters.nulls(group.getFieldName(), field.getType().isStringLike()));
+            }
+            if(field.getType().isStringLike())
+            {
+               predicate = new QQueryFilter().withBooleanOperator(QQueryFilter.BooleanOperator.OR).withSubFilter(predicate).withSubFilter(DrillFilters.value(group.getFieldName(), "", true));
+            }
+         }
+         else
+         {
+            predicate = new QQueryFilter().withBooleanOperator(QQueryFilter.BooleanOperator.OR);
+            for(Serializable value : remaining)
+            {
+               predicate.withSubFilter(condition(group, field, value));
+            }
+         }
+         other = new Slot(null, "Other (" + remaining.size() + " groups)", predicate, true);
+      }
+      return (new Dimension(group, field, kept, counts, other));
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Native group keys are displayed as labels without changing filter operands.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   private String label(GroupBy group, QFieldMetaData field, Serializable value) throws QException
+   {
+      if(value == null)
+      {
+         return ("(Blank)");
+      }
+      if(group.getBucket() instanceof DateBucket date)
+      {
+         return (AnalysisFormatting.dateBucket(value, AnalysisBackend.DateUnit.valueOf(date.getUnit().name()), ValueUtils.getSessionOrInstanceZoneId()));
+      }
+      if(group.getBucket() instanceof NumericBucket bins)
+      {
+         BigDecimal[] edges = edges(bins, ((Number) value).intValue());
+         return (AnalysisFormatting.interval(field, edges[0], edges[1]));
+      }
+      return (security.label(field, value));
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Match core's final closed numeric bin and exterior bins.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   private static BigDecimal[] edges(NumericBucket bins, int index)
+   {
+      BigDecimal width = bins.getMax().subtract(bins.getMin()).divide(BigDecimal.valueOf(bins.getCount()), MathContext.DECIMAL128);
+      return (new BigDecimal[] { index == 0 ? null : index > bins.getCount() ? bins.getMax() : bins.getMin().add(width.multiply(BigDecimal.valueOf(index - 1))),
+         index == 0 ? bins.getMin() : index > bins.getCount() ? null : index == bins.getCount() ? bins.getMax() : bins.getMin().add(width.multiply(BigDecimal.valueOf(index))) });
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Calendar and numeric predicates use core bucket boundaries in the session zone.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   private QQueryFilter condition(GroupBy group, QFieldMetaData field, Serializable value) throws QException
+   {
+      String name = group.getFieldName();
+      if(value == null || group.getBucket() == null)
+      {
+         return (DrillFilters.value(name, value, field.getType().isStringLike()));
+      }
+      if(group.getBucket() instanceof NumericBucket bins)
+      {
+         int index = ((Number) value).intValue();
+         BigDecimal[] edges = edges(bins, index);
+         if(StandInAnalysisBackend.isMemory(request.getTableName()) && index <= bins.getCount())
+         {
+            GroupBy raw = new GroupBy(field.getType(), name);
+            List<BigDecimal> members = aggregate(List.of(raw), request.getFilter(), List.of(count), null).stream()
+               .map(r -> r.getGroupByValues().get(raw)).filter(Objects::nonNull).map(v -> new BigDecimal(v.toString())).toList();
+            return (new StandInAnalysisBackend(config).numericRange(request.getTableName(), name, members, edges[0], edges[1], index == bins.getCount()));
+         }
+         return (index > bins.getCount() ? DrillFilters.condition(name, QCriteriaOperator.GREATER_THAN, bins.getMax())
+            : DrillFilters.range(name, edges[0], edges[1], index == bins.getCount()));
+      }
+      DateBucketUnit unit = ((DateBucket) group.getBucket()).getUnit();
+      if(unit == DateBucketUnit.HOUR)
+      {
+         Instant start = ValueUtils.getValueAsInstant(value);
+         return (DrillFilters.range(name, start, start.plusSeconds(3600), false));
+      }
+      if(unit == DateBucketUnit.DAY_OF_WEEK || unit == DateBucketUnit.HOUR_OF_DAY)
+      {
+         GroupBy raw = new GroupBy(field.getType(), name);
+         List<Serializable> members = aggregate(List.of(raw), request.getFilter(), List.of(count), null).stream().map(r -> r.getGroupByValues().get(raw))
+            .filter(v -> Objects.equals(AggregateAnalysis.bucket(v, group.getBucket(), ValueUtils.getSessionOrInstanceZoneId()), value)).toList();
+         return (DrillFilters.in(name, members));
+      }
+      LocalDate start = ValueUtils.getValueAsLocalDate(value);
+      LocalDate end = switch(unit)
+      {
+         case YEAR -> start.plusYears(1);
+         case QUARTER -> start.plusMonths(3);
+         case MONTH -> start.plusMonths(1);
+         case WEEK -> start.plusWeeks(1);
+         default -> start.plusDays(1);
+      };
+      return (DrillFilters.dateRange(name, start, end, field.getType() == QFieldType.DATE_TIME, ValueUtils.getSessionOrInstanceZoneId()));
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** A level is the full matrix, row totals, column totals or grand totals.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   private Map<List<Slot>, List<Metric>> level(List<Dimension> dimensions) throws QException
+   {
+      List<Aggregate> requested = new ArrayList<>(measures);
+      if(!requested.contains(count))
+      {
+         requested.add(count);
+      }
+      Map<List<Slot>, List<AggregateResult>> grouped = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+      List<AggregateResult> aggregates = aggregate(dimensions.stream().map(Dimension::group).toList(), request.getFilter(), requested, null);
+      if(dimensions.isEmpty() && aggregates.isEmpty())
+      {
+         AggregateResult empty = new AggregateResult();
+         requested.forEach(a -> empty.withAggregateValue(a, a.getOperator() == AggregateOperator.COUNT || a.getOperator() == AggregateOperator.COUNT_DISTINCT ? 0L : null));
+         aggregates = List.of(empty);
+      }
+      for(AggregateResult row : aggregates)
+      {
+         List<Slot> key = new ArrayList<>();
+         for(Dimension dimension : dimensions)
+         {
+            key.add(dimension.slot(row.getGroupByValues().get(dimension.group()), config.getMinGroupSize()));
+         }
+         if(!key.contains(null))
+         {
+            grouped.computeIfAbsent(key, ignored -> new ArrayList<>()).add(row);
+         }
+      }
+      Map<List<Slot>, List<Metric>> result = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+      for(var entry : grouped.entrySet())
+      {
+         QQueryFilter predicate = new QQueryFilter();
+         entry.getKey().forEach(slot -> predicate.withSubFilter(slot.condition()));
+         AggregateResult row = entry.getValue().getFirst();
+         if(entry.getKey().stream().anyMatch(Slot::other))
+         {
+            var merged = aggregate(List.of(), DrillFilters.and(request.getFilter(), predicate), requested, null);
+            if(merged.isEmpty())
+            {
+               continue;
+            }
+            row = merged.getFirst();
+         }
+         List<Metric> values = new ArrayList<>();
+         for(int i = 0; i < measures.size(); i++)
+         {
+            PivotMeasureInfo info = measureInfo.get(i);
+            Serializable value = row.getAggregateValues().get(measures.get(i));
+            Metric metric = new Metric().withKey(info.getKey()).withLabel(info.getLabel()).withValueType(info.getValueType()).withValue(value)
+               .withFormatted(AnalysisFormatting.scalar(info.getKey(), value, info.getValueType()));
+            if(toManyTables.isEmpty() && multiHopTables.isEmpty())
+            {
+               metric.withDrill(DrillFilters.drill(request.getTableName(), request.getFilter(), predicate));
+            }
+            values.add(metric);
+         }
+         new MinGroupSizeGuard(config.getMinGroupSize()).pivotMetrics(values, count(row));
+         result.put(entry.getKey(), values);
+      }
+      return (result);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Count is always present, even when the user selects only non-count measures.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   private long count(AggregateResult row)
+   {
+      Object value = row.getAggregateValues().get(count);
+      return (value == null ? 0 : ((Number) value).longValue());
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Core owns SQL pushdown, joins, record locks, field locks and bounded fallback.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   private List<AggregateResult> aggregate(List<GroupBy> groups, QQueryFilter filter, List<Aggregate> aggregates, Integer limit) throws QException
+   {
+      QQueryFilter query = DrillFilters.restoreTypes(request.getTableName(), filter);
+      if(limit != null)
+      {
+         query.withOrderBy(new QFilterOrderByAggregate(count, false));
+      }
+      AggregateInput input = new AggregateInput(request.getTableName()).withFilter(query).withQueryJoins(joins.stream().map(QueryJoin::clone).toList())
+         .withAllowStreamedFallback(true).withStreamedRowLimit(config.getMaxRows()).withLimit(limit);
+      groups.forEach(input::withGroupBy);
+      new LinkedHashSet<>(aggregates).forEach(input::withAggregate);
+      input.setPermissionEnforcement(PermissionEnforcement.ENFORCE);
+      var output = new AggregateAction().execute(input);
+      partial |= output.getTruncated();
+      return (limit == null ? output.getResults() : output.getResults().stream().sorted(java.util.Comparator.comparingLong(this::count).reversed()
+         .thenComparing(r -> String.valueOf(r.getGroupByValues().values()))).limit(limit).toList());
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Header tuples retain typed values; Other is distinguished by its label.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   private static List<List<PivotHeader>> headers(List<List<Slot>> keys)
+   {
+      return (keys.stream().map(key -> key.stream().map(slot -> new PivotHeader().withValue(slot.value()).withLabel(slot.label())).toList()).toList());
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Partial numbers must never claim an exact drill equivalence.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   private void disableDrills(List<Metric> metrics)
+   {
+      metrics.forEach(m -> m.withDrill(null).withEstimate(true));
+   }
+}
+

src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/engine/ProfileSupport.java

@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ public final class ProfileSupport
     *******************************************************************************/
    public static BigDecimal share(long count, long rows)
    {
-      return (rows == 0 ? BigDecimal.ZERO : BigDecimal.valueOf(count).divide(BigDecimal.valueOf(rows), MathContext.DECIMAL128));
+      return (rows == 0 ? BigDecimal.ZERO : BigDecimal.valueOf(count).divide(BigDecimal.valueOf(rows), 6, java.math.RoundingMode.HALF_UP).stripTrailingZeros());
    }
 
 
@@ -76,15 +76,47 @@ public final class ProfileSupport
     *******************************************************************************/
    public static Metric metric(String key, Serializable value, ValueType type)
    {
-      return (new Metric().withKey(key).withLabel(key).withValue(value).withValueType(type).withFormatted(value == null ? null : value.toString()));
+      if(type == ValueType.PERCENT && value != null)
+      {
+         value = AnalysisFormatting.ratio(new BigDecimal(value.toString()));
+      }
+      return (new Metric().withKey(key).withLabel(MetricLabels.label(key, type)).withValue(value).withValueType(type)
+         .withFormatted(AnalysisFormatting.scalar(key, value, type)));
    }
 
 
 
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** The population row total is exact even when other metrics are estimates.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public static void markEstimates(List<Metric> metrics)
+   {
+      if(metrics != null)
+      {
+         metrics.stream().filter(m -> !"rows".equals(m.getKey())).forEach(m ->
+         {
+            m.withEstimate(true);
+            if(m.getFormatted() != null)
+            {
+               m.withFormatted("≈ " + m.getFormatted());
+            }
+         });
+      }
+   }
+
    /*******************************************************************************
     ** PVS translations run as the current user; drill values always remain ids.
     *******************************************************************************/
    public static List<ValueCount> values(String table, QQueryFilter filter, QFieldMetaData field, List<AnalysisBackend.GroupCount> groups, long total) throws QException
+   {
+      return (values(table, filter, field, groups, total, CoreTierFieldAccessResolver.defaultResolver()));
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Host field policy applies to related display labels as well as source values.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public static List<ValueCount> values(String table, QQueryFilter filter, QFieldMetaData field, List<AnalysisBackend.GroupCount> groups, long total,
+      FieldAnalysisAccessResolver access) throws QException
    {
       List<ValueCount> result = new ArrayList<>();
       for(AnalysisBackend.GroupCount group : groups)
@@ -92,13 +124,13 @@ public final class ProfileSupport
          String label = group.label();
          if(field != null && field.getPossibleValueSourceName() != null && group.value() != null)
          {
-            String translated = AnalysisLabels.translate(field, group.value());
+            String translated = AnalysisLabels.translate(field, group.value(), access);
             if(translated != null)
             {
                label = translated;
             }
          }
-         result.add(new ValueCount().withValue(group.value()).withLabel(label).withCount(group.count()).withShare(share(group.count(), total))
+         result.add(new ValueCount().withValue(group.value()).withLabel(label).withCount(group.count()).withShare(group.share() == null ? share(group.count(), total) : AnalysisFormatting.ratio(group.share()))
             .withDrill(DrillFilters.drill(table, filter, group.condition())));
       }
       return (result);

src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/engine/RelationshipExplorer.java

@@ -0,0 +1,255 @@
+/*
+ * QQQ - Low-code Application Framework for Engineers.
+ * Copyright (C) 2021-2025.  Kingsrook, LLC
+ * 651 N Broad St Ste 205 # 6917 | Middletown DE 19709 | United States
+ * contact@kingsrook.com
+ * https://github.com/Kingsrook/
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.engine;
+
+import java.math.BigDecimal;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Set;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.ChartKind;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.CorrelationCell;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.CorrelationRequest;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.CorrelationResult;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.CrosstabCell;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.CrosstabRequest;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.CrosstabResult;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.Metric;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.PivotHeader;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.Point;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.ScatterRequest;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.ScatterResult;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.Series;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.TrendLine;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.ValueType;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.stats.Statistics;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.exceptions.QBadRequestException;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.exceptions.QException;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.aggregate.Aggregate;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.aggregate.AggregateOperator;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.query.QCriteriaOperator;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.query.QQueryFilter;
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ ** Pairwise correlation, bounded scatter samples and guarded contingency tables.
+ *******************************************************************************/
+public class RelationshipExplorer extends RelationshipSupport
+{
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Each operation has its own execution state and policy snapshot.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public RelationshipExplorer(AnalysisSecurity security, EffectiveConfig config, String table)
+   {
+      super(security, config, table);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** All unique CORR pairs share one aggregate call, including streamed fallback.
+    ** Pair counts use core CountAction because Aggregate has no per-measure filter.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public CorrelationResult correlation(CorrelationRequest request) throws QException
+   {
+      List<String> fields = request.getFields();
+      if(fields == null || fields.size() < 2 || fields.size() > 12 || new LinkedHashSet<>(fields).size() != fields.size())
+      {
+         throw new QBadRequestException("Choose 2 to 12 distinct numeric fields.");
+      }
+      for(String field : fields)
+      {
+         requireNumeric(field);
+      }
+      List<Aggregate> aggregates = new ArrayList<>();
+      for(int i = 0; i < fields.size(); i++)
+      {
+         for(int j = i; j < fields.size(); j++)
+         {
+            aggregates.add(measure(fields.get(i), AggregateOperator.CORR).withOtherFieldName(fields.get(j)));
+         }
+      }
+      var values = summarize(request.getFilter(), aggregates).getAggregateValues();
+      CorrelationResult result = new CorrelationResult().withFields(List.copyOf(fields));
+      List<Series> series = new ArrayList<>();
+      for(int i = 0; i < fields.size(); i++)
+      {
+         String x = fields.get(i);
+         Series row = new Series().withName(x);
+         for(int j = 0; j < fields.size(); j++)
+         {
+            String y = fields.get(j);
+            Aggregate key = measure(fields.get(Math.min(i, j)), AggregateOperator.CORR).withOtherFieldName(fields.get(Math.max(i, j)));
+            BigDecimal value = decimal(values.get(key));
+            long n = size(paired(request.getFilter(), x, y));
+            boolean hidden = n < config.getMinGroupSize();
+            Double r = hidden || n < 2 || value == null ? null : value.doubleValue();
+            result.getCells().add(new CorrelationCell().withXField(x).withYField(y).withN(hidden ? null : n).withR(r)
+               .withScatter(hidden ? null : new ScatterRequest().withTableName(table).withXField(x).withYField(y).withFilter(DrillFilters.copy(request.getFilter()))));
+            row.getPoints().add(new Point().withX(y).withY(r == null ? null : BigDecimal.valueOf(r)).withLabel(x + " / " + y));
+         }
+         series.add(row);
+      }
+      return (result.withChart(chart(ChartKind.HEATMAP, series, "Pearson r; each cell includes its paired non-null count and scatter request.")));
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** QueryInput has no sampling API. Fetch the first N paired records by primary
+    ** key as the user, with core-enforced record locks and a maximum of 2,000.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public ScatterResult scatter(ScatterRequest request) throws QException
+   {
+      requireNumeric(request.getXField());
+      requireNumeric(request.getYField());
+      if(request.getLimit() == null || request.getLimit() < 1 || request.getLimit() > 2000)
+      {
+         throw new QBadRequestException("Scatter limit must be from 1 to 2000.");
+      }
+      String x = request.getXField();
+      String y = request.getYField();
+      String pk = primaryKey(table);
+      QQueryFilter filter = paired(request.getFilter(), x, y);
+      long n = size(filter);
+      ScatterResult result = new ScatterResult().withN(n).withSampling("First N paired records by primary key").withSampleSize(0);
+      if(n < config.getMinGroupSize())
+      {
+         return (result.withN(null).withChart(chart(ChartKind.SCATTER, List.of(), "Hidden: fewer than " + config.getMinGroupSize() + " paired records.")));
+      }
+      Set<String> selected = new LinkedHashSet<>(List.of(x, y));
+      boolean drill = config.getMinGroupSize() == 0 && security.analyzableFields(table).stream().anyMatch(f -> f.getName().equals(pk));
+      if(drill)
+      {
+         selected.add(pk);
+      }
+      var records = rows(table, filter, selected, request.getLimit());
+      double[] xs = new double[records.size()];
+      double[] ys = new double[records.size()];
+      for(int i = 0; i < records.size(); i++)
+      {
+         var record = records.get(i);
+         BigDecimal xv = decimal(record.getValue(x));
+         BigDecimal yv = decimal(record.getValue(y));
+         xs[i] = xv.doubleValue();
+         ys[i] = yv.doubleValue();
+         result.getPoints().add(new Point().withX(xv).withY(yv).withDrill(drill ? DrillFilters.drill(table, null,
+            DrillFilters.condition(pk, QCriteriaOperator.EQUALS, record.getValue(pk))) : null));
+      }
+      result.withSampleSize(records.size()).withTrend(trend(xs, ys));
+      Series points = new Series().withName("Sample").withPoints(result.getPoints());
+      Series line = new Series().withName("Least-squares trend");
+      if(result.getTrend() != null)
+      {
+         double low = java.util.Arrays.stream(xs).min().orElseThrow();
+         double high = java.util.Arrays.stream(xs).max().orElseThrow();
+         for(double value : new double[] {low, high})
+         {
+            line.getPoints().add(new Point().withX(BigDecimal.valueOf(value)).withY(BigDecimal.valueOf(result.getTrend().getIntercept() + result.getTrend().getSlope() * value)));
+         }
+      }
+      return (result.withChart(chart(ChartKind.SCATTER, List.of(points, line), "Trend describes the displayed sample, not the full population.")));
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Centered least squares remains stable when coordinates have large offsets.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   private TrendLine trend(double[] x, double[] y)
+   {
+      if(x.length < 2)
+      {
+         return (null);
+      }
+      double meanX = java.util.Arrays.stream(x).average().orElseThrow();
+      double meanY = java.util.Arrays.stream(y).average().orElseThrow();
+      double xx = 0;
+      double xy = 0;
+      for(int i = 0; i < x.length; i++)
+      {
+         xx += (x[i] - meanX) * (x[i] - meanX);
+         xy += (x[i] - meanX) * (y[i] - meanY);
+      }
+      return (xx == 0 ? null : new TrendLine().withSlope(xy / xx).withIntercept(meanY - xy / xx * meanX).withR(Statistics.pearson(x, y)));
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Cell counts include zero combinations. Suppression also removes shares
+    ** that could reconstruct a hidden cell from a known marginal total.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public CrosstabResult crosstab(CrosstabRequest request) throws QException
+   {
+      full(request.getRowField());
+      full(request.getColumnField());
+      if(request.getRowField().equals(request.getColumnField()) || request.getLimit() == null || request.getLimit() < 1 || request.getLimit() > 20)
+      {
+         throw new QBadRequestException("Choose distinct crosstab fields and a limit from 1 to 20.");
+      }
+      List<Category> rows = categories(request.getRowField(), request.getFilter(), request.getLimit());
+      List<Category> columns = categories(request.getColumnField(), request.getFilter(), request.getLimit());
+      long[] rowTotals = new long[rows.size()];
+      long[] columnTotals = new long[columns.size()];
+      boolean[] hiddenRows = new boolean[rows.size()];
+      boolean[] hiddenColumns = new boolean[columns.size()];
+      double[][] counts = new double[rows.size()][columns.size()];
+      boolean hidden = false;
+      for(int i = 0; i < rows.size(); i++)
+      {
+         for(int j = 0; j < columns.size(); j++)
+         {
+            long n = size(DrillFilters.and(request.getFilter(), DrillFilters.and(rows.get(i).condition(), columns.get(j).condition())));
+            counts[i][j] = n;
+            rowTotals[i] += n;
+            columnTotals[j] += n;
+            if(n < config.getMinGroupSize())
+            {
+               hidden = true;
+               hiddenRows[i] = true;
+               hiddenColumns[j] = true;
+            }
+         }
+      }
+      CrosstabResult result = new CrosstabResult().withRows(rows.stream().map(c -> new PivotHeader().withValue(c.value()).withLabel(c.label())).toList())
+         .withColumns(columns.stream().map(c -> new PivotHeader().withValue(c.value()).withLabel(c.label())).toList());
+      for(int i = 0; i < rows.size(); i++)
+      {
+         for(int j = 0; j < columns.size(); j++)
+         {
+            long n = (long) counts[i][j];
+            QQueryFilter condition = DrillFilters.and(rows.get(i).condition(), columns.get(j).condition());
+            Metric count = metric("count", n, ValueType.COUNT, request.getFilter(), condition);
+            Metric rowShare = metric("rowShare", ProfileSupport.share(n, rowTotals[i]), ValueType.PERCENT, request.getFilter(), condition);
+            Metric columnShare = metric("columnShare", ProfileSupport.share(n, columnTotals[j]), ValueType.PERCENT, request.getFilter(), condition);
+            List<Metric> metrics = List.of(count, rowShare, columnShare);
+            if(rows.get(i).privateGroup() || columns.get(j).privateGroup())
+            {
+               metrics.forEach(m -> m.withDrill(null));
+               hidden = true;
+            }
+            guard(metrics, n);
+            if(hiddenRows[i])
+            {
+               guard(List.of(rowShare), 0);
+            }
+            if(hiddenColumns[j])
+            {
+               guard(List.of(columnShare), 0);
+            }
+            result.getCells().add(new CrosstabCell().withRowIndex(i).withColumnIndex(j).withCount(count).withRowShare(rowShare).withColumnShare(columnShare));
+         }
+      }
+      return (result.withSignificance(significance(hidden ? Statistics.unavailable("Chi-square independence", "privacy guard") : Statistics.chiSquare(counts, false))));
+   }
+}

src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/engine/RelationshipSupport.java

@@ -0,0 +1,241 @@
+/*
+ * QQQ - Low-code Application Framework for Engineers.
+ * Copyright (C) 2021-2025.  Kingsrook, LLC
+ * 651 N Broad St Ste 205 # 6917 | Middletown DE 19709 | United States
+ * contact@kingsrook.com
+ * https://github.com/Kingsrook/
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.engine;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.math.BigDecimal;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Comparator;
+import java.util.List;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.Chart;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.ChartKind;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.Metric;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.Series;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.Significance;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.ValueType;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.stats.Statistics;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.actions.permissions.PermissionEnforcement;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.actions.tables.AggregateAction;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.exceptions.QBadRequestException;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.exceptions.QException;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.aggregate.Aggregate;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.aggregate.AggregateInput;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.aggregate.AggregateOperator;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.aggregate.AggregateResult;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.aggregate.GroupBy;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.query.QCriteriaOperator;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.query.QQueryFilter;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.fields.QFieldMetaData;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.fields.QFieldType;
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ ** Shared core execution and semantic output for request-local relationships.
+ *******************************************************************************/
+public class RelationshipSupport extends StandInAnalysisBackend
+{
+   protected final AnalysisSecurity security;
+   protected final String table;
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** A bucket retains exact membership; privacy buckets intentionally lack drills.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   protected record Category(Serializable value, String label, QQueryFilter condition, boolean privateGroup)
+   {
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Bind the caller's already-authorized table and current policy.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public RelationshipSupport(AnalysisSecurity security, EffectiveConfig config, String table)
+   {
+      super(config);
+      this.security = security;
+      this.table = table;
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Core owns pushdown and bounded fallback. Never label a partial test exact.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   @Override
+   protected List<AggregateResult> aggregate(AggregateInput input) throws QException
+   {
+      input.withFilter(DrillFilters.restoreTypes(table, input.getFilter())).withAllowStreamedFallback(true).withStreamedRowLimit(config.getMaxRows());
+      input.setPermissionEnforcement(PermissionEnforcement.ENFORCE);
+      var output = new AggregateAction().execute(input);
+      if(Boolean.TRUE.equals(output.getTruncated()))
+      {
+         throw new QBadRequestException("Analysis exceeds the streamed row limit; narrow the filter.");
+      }
+      return (output.getResults());
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** All named fields, including PVS numerics, must pass the FULL resolver first.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   protected QFieldMetaData full(String name) throws QException
+   {
+      return (security.field(table, name));
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** PVS identifiers are categorical even when their storage type is numeric.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   protected boolean numeric(QFieldMetaData field)
+   {
+      return (field.getPossibleValueSourceName() == null && List.of(QFieldType.INTEGER, QFieldType.LONG, QFieldType.DECIMAL).contains(field.getType()));
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Reject strings and categorical identifiers before computing relationships.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   protected void requireNumeric(String name) throws QException
+   {
+      if(!numeric(full(name)))
+      {
+         throw new QBadRequestException("Choose numeric analysis fields.");
+      }
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Typed aggregate keys must match keys returned by all backend implementations.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   protected Aggregate measure(String field, AggregateOperator operator)
+   {
+      Aggregate aggregate = new Aggregate(field, operator);
+      return (aggregate.withFieldType(com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.utils.aggregates.AggregateAnalysis.resultType(aggregate, field(table, field).getType())));
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Scalar summaries have one result; empty populations have null numeric values.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   protected AggregateResult summarize(QQueryFilter filter, List<Aggregate> measures) throws QException
+   {
+      AggregateInput input = new AggregateInput(table).withFilter(DrillFilters.copy(filter));
+      measures.forEach(input::withAggregate);
+      List<AggregateResult> results = aggregate(input);
+      return (results.isEmpty() ? new AggregateResult() : results.getFirst());
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Exact row count uses the core count action with the caller's record locks.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   protected long size(QQueryFilter filter) throws QException
+   {
+      return (count(table, filter));
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Count and scalar drills preserve the caller's original OR predicates.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   protected Metric metric(String key, Serializable value, ValueType type, QQueryFilter filter, QQueryFilter condition)
+   {
+      return (ProfileSupport.metric(key.startsWith("category") ? type == ValueType.COUNT ? "count" : "share" : key, value, type).withKey(key).withDrill(DrillFilters.drill(table, filter, condition)));
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Apply the stricter cell guard to remove both values and membership drills.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   protected void guard(List<Metric> metrics, long n)
+   {
+      new MinGroupSizeGuard(config.getMinGroupSize()).pivotMetrics(metrics, n);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Group identities are typed; null and empty string remain distinct.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   protected List<Category> categories(String field, QQueryFilter filter, int limit) throws QException
+   {
+      QFieldMetaData metadata = full(field);
+      GroupBy group = new GroupBy(metadata);
+      Aggregate count = measure(primaryKey(table), AggregateOperator.COUNT);
+      List<AggregateResult> groups = new ArrayList<>(aggregate(new AggregateInput(table).withFilter(DrillFilters.copy(filter)).withGroupBy(group).withAggregate(count)));
+      groups.sort(Comparator.<AggregateResult>comparingLong(r -> ((Number) r.getAggregateValues().get(count)).longValue()).reversed()
+         .thenComparing(r -> String.valueOf(r.getGroupByValues().get(group))));
+      List<Category> result = new ArrayList<>();
+      List<Category> other = new ArrayList<>();
+      boolean privacy = false;
+      for(AggregateResult row : groups)
+      {
+         Serializable value = row.getGroupByValues().get(group);
+         long n = ((Number) row.getAggregateValues().get(count)).longValue();
+         boolean hidden = n < config.getMinGroupSize();
+         Category category = new Category(value, hidden ? "Other" : value == null ? "(Blank)" : security.label(metadata, value),
+            DrillFilters.value(field, value, metadata.getType() == QFieldType.STRING), hidden);
+         if(hidden || result.size() >= limit)
+         {
+            other.add(category);
+            privacy |= hidden;
+         }
+         else
+         {
+            result.add(category);
+         }
+      }
+      if(!other.isEmpty())
+      {
+         result.add(merge(other, privacy));
+      }
+      return (result);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** An explicit union avoids null-sensitive NOT IN semantics for Other.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   protected Category merge(List<Category> categories, boolean privacy)
+   {
+      QQueryFilter condition = new QQueryFilter().withBooleanOperator(QQueryFilter.BooleanOperator.OR);
+      categories.forEach(c -> condition.withSubFilter(c.condition()));
+      return (new Category(null, "Other", condition, privacy));
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Keep the math package free of QQQ and JSON dependencies.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   protected Significance significance(Statistics.Result result)
+   {
+      return (new Significance().withTest(result.test()).withStatistic(result.statistic()).withDf(result.df()).withPValue(result.pValue())
+         .withApplicable(result.applicable()).withSentence(result.sentence()).withCramersV(result.cramersV()));
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Scalar conversion preserves null instead of leaking non-finite JSON numbers.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   protected static BigDecimal decimal(Object value)
+   {
+      return (value == null ? null : new BigDecimal(value.toString()));
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Shared chart shape with a deliberate grouping/stacking annotation.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   protected Chart chart(ChartKind kind, List<Series> series, String annotation)
+   {
+      return (new Chart().withKind(kind).withSeries(series).withAnnotations(List.of(annotation)));
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Correlation and regression exclude rows missing either numeric coordinate.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   protected QQueryFilter paired(QQueryFilter filter, String x, String y)
+   {
+      return (DrillFilters.and(filter, DrillFilters.condition(x, QCriteriaOperator.IS_NOT_BLANK).withCriteria(y, QCriteriaOperator.IS_NOT_BLANK)));
+   }
+}

src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/engine/ShiftExplorer.java

@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+/*
+ * QQQ - Low-code Application Framework for Engineers.
+ * Copyright (C) 2021-2025.  Kingsrook, LLC
+ * 651 N Broad St Ste 205 # 6917 | Middletown DE 19709 | United States
+ * contact@kingsrook.com
+ * https://github.com/Kingsrook/
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.engine;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.math.BigDecimal;
+import java.time.Instant;
+import java.time.LocalDate;
+import java.time.ZoneId;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Comparator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.ChartKind;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.Metric;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.Point;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.Series;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.ShiftBucket;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.ShiftRequest;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.ShiftResult;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.ValueType;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.stats.Statistics;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.exceptions.QBadRequestException;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.exceptions.QException;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.aggregate.AggregateInput;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.aggregate.AggregateOperator;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.aggregate.DateBucket;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.aggregate.DateBucketUnit;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.aggregate.GroupBy;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.query.QQueryFilter;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.fields.QFieldType;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.utils.ValueUtils;
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ ** Distribution drift with stable categories or fixed baseline quartile bins.
+ *******************************************************************************/
+public class ShiftExplorer extends ComparisonExplorer
+{
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Bind the same core and privacy policy as compare.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public ShiftExplorer(AnalysisSecurity security, EffectiveConfig config, String table)
+   {
+      super(security, config, table);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** One calendar bucket with exact boundaries and whether its end has passed.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   private record Bucket(Serializable start, QQueryFilter condition, boolean complete)
+   {
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** First and last complete nonempty buckets define the descriptive PSI.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public ShiftResult shift(ShiftRequest request) throws QException
+   {
+      var field = full(request.getField());
+      var date = full(request.getDateField());
+      DateBucketUnit unit;
+      try
+      {
+         unit = DateBucketUnit.valueOf(request.getBucket());
+      }
+      catch(RuntimeException e)
+      {
+         throw new QBadRequestException("Choose a calendar bucket.");
+      }
+      if(!List.of(QFieldType.DATE, QFieldType.DATE_TIME).contains(date.getType()) || unit == DateBucketUnit.DAY_OF_WEEK
+         || unit == DateBucketUnit.HOUR_OF_DAY || unit == DateBucketUnit.HOUR && date.getType() != QFieldType.DATE_TIME)
+      {
+         throw new QBadRequestException("Choose a date field and a calendar bucket from HOUR to YEAR.");
+      }
+      GroupBy group = new GroupBy(date).withBucket(new DateBucket(unit));
+      var aggregate = measure(primaryKey(table), AggregateOperator.COUNT);
+      var grouped = aggregate(new AggregateInput(table).withFilter(DrillFilters.copy(request.getFilter())).withGroupBy(group).withAggregate(aggregate));
+      List<Bucket> buckets = grouped.stream().map(r -> r.getGroupByValues().get(group)).filter(java.util.Objects::nonNull)
+         .sorted(Comparator.comparing(Object::toString)).map(start -> bucket(request.getDateField(), start, unit, date.getType())).toList();
+      if(buckets.size() > 2000)
+      {
+         throw new QBadRequestException("Choose a larger time bucket; at most 2000 buckets are supported.");
+      }
+      ShiftResult result = new ShiftResult();
+      List<Series> series = new ArrayList<>();
+      List<double[]> complete = new ArrayList<>();
+      boolean numeric = numeric(field);
+      List<Category> categories = numeric ? List.of() : categories(request.getField(), request.getFilter(), 8);
+      Map<String, BigDecimal> baseline = null;
+      boolean privateData = false;
+      if(numeric)
+      {
+         for(String name : List.of("p25", "median", "p75"))
+         {
+            series.add(new Series().withName(name));
+         }
+      }
+      else
+      {
+         for(Category category : categories)
+         {
+            series.add(new Series().withName(category.label()));
+         }
+      }
+      for(Bucket bucket : buckets)
+      {
+         QQueryFilter filter = DrillFilters.and(request.getFilter(), bucket.condition());
+         long n = size(filter);
+         ShiftBucket output = new ShiftBucket().withValue(bucket.start()).withLabel(bucket.start().toString()).withComplete(bucket.complete());
+         double[] counts;
+         if(numeric)
+         {
+            Map<String, BigDecimal> moments = moments(request.getField(), filter);
+            long nonNull = moments.get("count").longValue();
+            if(baseline == null && bucket.complete())
+            {
+               baseline = moments;
+            }
+            output.withMetrics(numericSide(request.getField(), output.getLabel(), filter, moments).getMetrics());
+            counts = baseline == null || baseline.get("count").signum() == 0 ? new double[0] : numericCounts(request.getField(), filter, baseline);
+            privateData |= nonNull < config.getMinGroupSize();
+            for(int i = 0; i < series.size(); i++)
+            {
+               String key = series.get(i).getName();
+               Metric metric = output.getMetrics().stream().filter(m -> m.getKey().equals(key)).findFirst().orElseThrow();
+               series.get(i).getPoints().add(new Point().withX(bucket.start()).withY(decimal(metric.getValue())).withDrill(metric.getDrill()));
+            }
+         }
+         else
+         {
+            counts = new double[categories.size()];
+            for(int i = 0; i < categories.size(); i++)
+            {
+               Category category = categories.get(i);
+               long count = size(DrillFilters.and(filter, category.condition()));
+               counts[i] = count;
+               Metric countMetric = metric("category" + i + "Count", count, ValueType.COUNT, filter, category.condition()).withLabel(category.label());
+               Metric share = metric("category" + i + "Share", ProfileSupport.share(count, n), ValueType.PERCENT, filter, category.condition()).withLabel(category.label());
+               List<Metric> metrics = List.of(countMetric, share);
+               guard(metrics, count);
+               if(category.privateGroup())
+               {
+                  metrics.forEach(m -> m.withDrill(null));
+               }
+               privateData |= category.privateGroup() || count < config.getMinGroupSize();
+               output.getMetrics().addAll(metrics);
+               series.get(i).getPoints().add(new Point().withX(bucket.start()).withY(decimal(share.getValue())).withLabel(category.label()).withDrill(share.getDrill()));
+            }
+         }
+         result.getBuckets().add(output);
+         if(bucket.complete())
+         {
+            complete.add(counts);
+         }
+      }
+      Double psi = !privateData && complete.size() >= 2 && java.util.Arrays.stream(complete.getFirst()).sum() >= 2
+         && java.util.Arrays.stream(complete.getLast()).sum() >= 2 ? Statistics.psi(complete.getFirst(), complete.getLast()) : null;
+      result.withPsi(ProfileSupport.metric("psi", psi, ValueType.DECIMAL));
+      result.withSentence(psi == null ? "Not applicable: " + (privateData ? "privacy guard" : "two complete buckets with at least two values are required")
+         : "The first and last complete buckets have a population stability index of " + BigDecimal.valueOf(psi).setScale(3, java.math.RoundingMode.HALF_UP) + ".");
+      return (result.withChart(chart(ChartKind.TIME_SERIES, series, numeric ? "Numeric quartiles; PSI uses fixed first-complete-bucket quartile boundaries."
+         : "Stacked category shares. PSI floors zero shares at 0.000001; it is not a significance test.").withStacked(!numeric)));
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Calendar boundaries use the session zone, including daylight-saving days.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   private Bucket bucket(String field, Serializable value, DateBucketUnit unit, QFieldType type)
+   {
+      ZoneId zone = ValueUtils.getSessionOrInstanceZoneId();
+      if(unit == DateBucketUnit.HOUR)
+      {
+         Instant start = ValueUtils.getValueAsInstant(value);
+         Instant end = start.plusSeconds(3600);
+         return (new Bucket(start, DrillFilters.range(field, start, end, false), !end.isAfter(Instant.now())));
+      }
+      LocalDate start = ValueUtils.getValueAsLocalDate(value);
+      LocalDate end = next(start, DateUnit.valueOf(unit.name()));
+      return (new Bucket(start, DrillFilters.dateRange(field, start, end, type == QFieldType.DATE_TIME, zone), !end.atStartOfDay(zone).toInstant().isAfter(Instant.now())));
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Both populations use identical, half-open quartile ranges with infinite tails.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   private double[] numericCounts(String field, QQueryFilter filter, Map<String, BigDecimal> baseline) throws QException
+   {
+      BigDecimal[] edges = {null, baseline.get("p25"), baseline.get("p50"), baseline.get("p75"), null};
+      double[] counts = new double[4];
+      for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
+      {
+         counts[i] = size(DrillFilters.and(filter, DrillFilters.range(field, edges[i], edges[i + 1], false)));
+      }
+      return (counts);
+   }
+}

src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/engine/StandInAnalysisBackend.java

@@ -68,7 +68,8 @@ import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.fields.QFieldType;
 public class StandInAnalysisBackend implements AnalysisBackend
 {
    private static final MathContext MATH = MathContext.DECIMAL128;
-   private final EffectiveConfig config;
+   protected final EffectiveConfig config;
+   protected boolean estimating;
 
    /*******************************************************************************
     ** Bind one request's detached configuration.
@@ -94,13 +95,14 @@ public class StandInAnalysisBackend implements AnalysisBackend
 
 
    /*******************************************************************************
-    ** A boundary query selects the prefix retained in every drill.
+    ** A single boundary parameter bounds the prefix used for computation.
     *******************************************************************************/
    @Override
    public Scope scope(String table, QQueryFilter filter, boolean exact) throws QException
    {
       long total = count(table, filter);
-      boolean estimate = !exact && total > config.getSampleThresholdRows();
+      boolean estimate = !exact && total > config.getSampleThresholdRows() && total > Math.min(config.getSampleRows(), config.getMaxRows());
+      estimating = estimate;
       int limit = estimate ? Math.min(config.getSampleRows(), config.getMaxRows()) : config.getMaxRows();
       QQueryFilter scoped = DrillFilters.copy(filter);
       if(total > limit)
@@ -108,7 +110,7 @@ public class StandInAnalysisBackend implements AnalysisBackend
          String pk = primaryKey(table);
          if(limit == 0)
          {
-            scoped = DrillFilters.and(scoped, DrillFilters.in(pk, List.of()));
+            scoped = DrillFilters.and(scoped, DrillFilters.condition(pk, QCriteriaOperator.IS_BLANK));
          }
          else
          {
@@ -141,7 +143,7 @@ public class StandInAnalysisBackend implements AnalysisBackend
    /*******************************************************************************
     ** Bound both page size and retained records.
     *******************************************************************************/
-   private List<QRecord> rows(String table, QQueryFilter filter, Set<String> fields, int limit) throws QException
+   protected List<QRecord> rows(String table, QQueryFilter filter, Set<String> fields, int limit) throws QException
    {
       List<QRecord> records = new ArrayList<>();
       int bound = Math.min(limit, config.getMaxRows());
@@ -163,7 +165,7 @@ public class StandInAnalysisBackend implements AnalysisBackend
    /*******************************************************************************
     ** Core applies table permissions, field locks and record locks.
     *******************************************************************************/
-   private List<AggregateResult> aggregate(AggregateInput input) throws QException
+   protected List<AggregateResult> aggregate(AggregateInput input) throws QException
    {
       QQueryFilter restored = DrillFilters.restoreTypes(input.getTableName(), input.getFilter());
       restored.setOrderBys(input.getFilter().getOrderBys());
@@ -191,6 +193,7 @@ public class StandInAnalysisBackend implements AnalysisBackend
          {
             input.withAggregate(countOf(field, AggregateOperator.COUNT)).withAggregate(countOf(field, AggregateOperator.COUNT_DISTINCT));
          }
+         fieldCountAggregates(input, batch);
          List<AggregateResult> aggregates = aggregate(input);
          Set<String> selection = new LinkedHashSet<>(batch);
          selection.add(primaryKey(table));
@@ -198,7 +201,7 @@ public class StandInAnalysisBackend implements AnalysisBackend
          for(String field : batch)
          {
             boolean string = field(table, field).getType().isStringLike();
-            long nulls = count(table, DrillFilters.and(filter, DrillFilters.nulls(field, string)));
+            long nulls = fieldCount(table, filter, field, AggregateOperator.COUNT_NULL, aggregates, DrillFilters.nulls(field, string));
             Map<Serializable, Serializable> representatives = new LinkedHashMap<>();
             Set<Serializable> blanks = new LinkedHashSet<>();
             for(QRecord record : records)
@@ -220,12 +223,12 @@ public class StandInAnalysisBackend implements AnalysisBackend
                   .withSubFilter(DrillFilters.in(field, new ArrayList<>(blanks)));
             }
             long distinct = aggregates.isEmpty() ? 0 : number(aggregates.getFirst(), field, AggregateOperator.COUNT_DISTINCT).longValue();
-            if(isMemory(table) && field(table, field).getType() == QFieldType.DECIMAL)
+            if(!estimating && isMemory(table) && field(table, field).getType() == QFieldType.DECIMAL)
             {
                distinct = representatives.size();
             }
-            result.put(field, new FieldCounts(total - nulls, nulls, string ? count(table, DrillFilters.and(filter, blankFilter)) : nulls,
-               distinct, blankFilter, DrillFilters.in(primaryKey(table), new ArrayList<>(representatives.values()))));
+            result.put(field, new FieldCounts(total - nulls, nulls, string ? fieldCount(table, filter, field, AggregateOperator.COUNT_BLANK, aggregates, blankFilter) : nulls,
+               distinct, blankFilter, estimating ? DrillFilters.nonNull(field, string) : DrillFilters.in(primaryKey(table), new ArrayList<>(representatives.values()))));
          }
       }
       return (result);
@@ -233,6 +236,23 @@ public class StandInAnalysisBackend implements AnalysisBackend
 
 
 
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Subclasses may extend the existing batch with native null/blank counts.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   protected void fieldCountAggregates(AggregateInput input, List<String> fields) throws QException
+   {
+      // The portable backend counts null and blank predicates separately.
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Count the exact drill predicate when native counters are unavailable.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   protected long fieldCount(String table, QQueryFilter filter, String field, AggregateOperator operator,
+      List<AggregateResult> results, QQueryFilter condition) throws QException
+   {
+      return (count(table, DrillFilters.and(filter, condition)));
+   }
+
    /*******************************************************************************
     ** Push down group, count, ordering and pagination.
     *******************************************************************************/
@@ -254,6 +274,30 @@ public class StandInAnalysisBackend implements AnalysisBackend
 
 
 
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Random backends scale a count using the current aggregate's sample size.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   protected long aggregateCount(long value)
+   {
+      return (value);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Random backends retain the raw sample ratio before rounding counts.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   protected BigDecimal aggregateShare(long value)
+   {
+      return (null);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Exact and prefix groups derive shares from the profiler's row count.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   protected BigDecimal countShare()
+   {
+      return (null);
+   }
+
    /*******************************************************************************
     ** Tuple drills use IN for non-null values and null-only predicates otherwise.
     *******************************************************************************/
@@ -270,7 +314,8 @@ public class StandInAnalysisBackend implements AnalysisBackend
       Map<Serializable, GroupCount> merged = new LinkedHashMap<>();
       for(AggregateResult row : aggregate(input))
       {
-         long size = number(row, primaryKey(table), AggregateOperator.COUNT).longValue();
+         long rawSize = number(row, primaryKey(table), AggregateOperator.COUNT).longValue();
+         long size = aggregateCount(rawSize);
          LinkedHashMap<String, Serializable> tuple = new LinkedHashMap<>();
          QQueryFilter condition = new QQueryFilter();
          for(String field : fields)
@@ -278,7 +323,7 @@ public class StandInAnalysisBackend implements AnalysisBackend
             Serializable value = row.getGroupByValues().entrySet().stream().filter(e -> field.equals(e.getKey().getFieldName())).findFirst().orElseThrow().getValue();
             tuple.put(field, value instanceof BigDecimal d ? new BigDecimal(d.stripTrailingZeros().toPlainString()) : value);
             condition.withSubFilter(value == null ? DrillFilters.nulls(field, field(table, field).getType().isStringLike())
-               : value instanceof BigDecimal ? DrillFilters.in(field, List.of(value.toString()))
+               : value instanceof BigDecimal && !estimating ? DrillFilters.in(field, List.of(value.toString()))
                : duplicates ? DrillFilters.in(field, List.of(value)) : DrillFilters.value(field, value, field(table, field).getType().isStringLike()));
          }
          Serializable value = duplicates ? tuple : tuple.get(fields.getFirst());
@@ -288,7 +333,7 @@ public class StandInAnalysisBackend implements AnalysisBackend
             size += previous.count();
             condition = new QQueryFilter().withBooleanOperator(QQueryFilter.BooleanOperator.OR).withSubFilter(previous.condition()).withSubFilter(condition);
          }
-         merged.put(value, new GroupCount(value, value == null ? "(null)" : value.toString(), size, condition));
+         merged.put(value, new GroupCount(value, value == null ? "(null)" : value.toString(), size, condition, aggregateShare(rawSize)));
       }
       List<GroupCount> groups = new ArrayList<>(merged.values());
       if(isMemory(table))
@@ -308,14 +353,8 @@ public class StandInAnalysisBackend implements AnalysisBackend
    {
       List<BigDecimal> values = rows(table, filter, Set.of(field), config.getMaxRows()).stream().map(r -> r.getValue(field))
          .filter(Objects::nonNull).map(v -> new BigDecimal(v.toString())).sorted().toList();
-      Map<String, BigDecimal> metrics = new LinkedHashMap<>();
-      AggregateInput input = new AggregateInput(table).withFilter(DrillFilters.copy(filter));
-      for(AggregateOperator op : List.of(AggregateOperator.MIN, AggregateOperator.MAX, AggregateOperator.AVG, AggregateOperator.SUM))
-      {
-         input.withAggregate(new Aggregate(field, op));
-      }
-      List<AggregateResult> results = aggregate(input);
-      if(values.isEmpty())
+      Map<String, BigDecimal> metrics = numericMetrics(table, filter, field, percentiles, values);
+      if(metrics.isEmpty() || metrics.get("min") == null)
       {
          for(String key : List.of("min", "max", "mean", "stddev", "sum"))
          {
@@ -325,23 +364,12 @@ public class StandInAnalysisBackend implements AnalysisBackend
          {
             metrics.put("p" + p.multiply(BigDecimal.valueOf(100)).stripTrailingZeros().toPlainString(), null);
          }
-         QQueryFilter empty = DrillFilters.in(primaryKey(table), List.of());
-         return (new NumericSummary(metrics, List.of(), 0, empty, List.of(new GroupCount("zeros", "zeros", 0, empty), new GroupCount("negatives", "negatives", 0, empty))));
+         QQueryFilter empty = DrillFilters.condition(primaryKey(table), QCriteriaOperator.IS_BLANK);
+         return (new NumericSummary(metrics, List.of(), 0, empty, List.of(new GroupCount("zeros", "zeros", 0, estimating ? DrillFilters.condition(field, QCriteriaOperator.EQUALS, BigDecimal.ZERO) : empty),
+            new GroupCount("negatives", "negatives", 0, estimating ? DrillFilters.range(field, null, BigDecimal.ZERO, false) : empty))));
       }
-      AggregateResult result = results.getFirst();
-      metrics.put("min", number(result, field, AggregateOperator.MIN));
-      metrics.put("max", number(result, field, AggregateOperator.MAX));
-      metrics.put("mean", number(result, field, AggregateOperator.AVG));
-      metrics.put("sum", number(result, field, AggregateOperator.SUM));
-      BigDecimal mean = values.stream().reduce(BigDecimal.ZERO, BigDecimal::add).divide(BigDecimal.valueOf(values.size()), MATH);
-      BigDecimal variance = values.stream().map(v -> v.subtract(mean).pow(2)).reduce(BigDecimal.ZERO, BigDecimal::add);
-      metrics.put("stddev", values.size() < 2 ? null : variance.divide(BigDecimal.valueOf(values.size() - 1), MATH).sqrt(MATH));
-      for(BigDecimal p : percentiles)
-      {
-         metrics.put("p" + p.multiply(BigDecimal.valueOf(100)).stripTrailingZeros().toPlainString(), percentile(values, p));
-      }
-      BigDecimal q1 = percentile(values, new BigDecimal("0.25"));
-      BigDecimal q3 = percentile(values, new BigDecimal("0.75"));
+      BigDecimal q1 = metrics.containsKey("p25") ? metrics.get("p25") : percentile(values, new BigDecimal("0.25"));
+      BigDecimal q3 = metrics.containsKey("p75") ? metrics.get("p75") : percentile(values, new BigDecimal("0.75"));
       BigDecimal span = q3.subtract(q1).multiply(new BigDecimal("1.5"));
       BigDecimal low = q1.subtract(span);
       BigDecimal high = q3.add(span);
@@ -355,10 +383,10 @@ public class StandInAnalysisBackend implements AnalysisBackend
       List<GroupCount> extremeGroups = new ArrayList<>();
       for(BigDecimal value : extremes)
       {
-         QQueryFilter condition = DrillFilters.in(field, equalNumbers(values, value));
-         extremeGroups.add(new GroupCount(value, value.toPlainString(), count(table, DrillFilters.and(filter, condition)), condition));
+         QQueryFilter condition = estimating ? DrillFilters.condition(field, QCriteriaOperator.EQUALS, value) : DrillFilters.in(field, equalNumbers(values, value));
+         extremeGroups.add(new GroupCount(value, value.toPlainString(), count(table, DrillFilters.and(filter, condition)), condition, countShare()));
       }
-      QQueryFilter zeros = DrillFilters.in(field, equalNumbers(values, BigDecimal.ZERO));
+      QQueryFilter zeros = estimating ? DrillFilters.condition(field, QCriteriaOperator.EQUALS, BigDecimal.ZERO) : DrillFilters.in(field, equalNumbers(values, BigDecimal.ZERO));
       QQueryFilter negatives = numericRange(table, field, values, null, BigDecimal.ZERO, false);
       return (new NumericSummary(metrics, extremeGroups, count(table, DrillFilters.and(filter, outliers)), outliers,
          List.of(bucket(table, filter, "zeros", zeros), bucket(table, filter, "negatives", negatives))));
@@ -366,6 +394,39 @@ public class StandInAnalysisBackend implements AnalysisBackend
 
 
 
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Portable numeric moments; core-backed subclasses replace supported work.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   protected Map<String, BigDecimal> numericMetrics(String table, QQueryFilter filter, String field, List<BigDecimal> percentiles, List<BigDecimal> values) throws QException
+   {
+      Map<String, BigDecimal> metrics = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+      if(values.isEmpty())
+      {
+         return (metrics);
+      }
+      AggregateInput input = new AggregateInput(table).withFilter(DrillFilters.copy(filter));
+      for(AggregateOperator op : List.of(AggregateOperator.MIN, AggregateOperator.MAX, AggregateOperator.AVG, AggregateOperator.SUM))
+      {
+         input.withAggregate(new Aggregate(field, op));
+      }
+      List<AggregateResult> results = aggregate(input);
+      AggregateResult result = results.getFirst();
+      metrics.put("min", number(result, field, AggregateOperator.MIN));
+      metrics.put("max", number(result, field, AggregateOperator.MAX));
+      metrics.put("mean", number(result, field, AggregateOperator.AVG));
+      metrics.put("sum", number(result, field, AggregateOperator.SUM));
+      BigDecimal mean = values.stream().reduce(BigDecimal.ZERO, BigDecimal::add).divide(BigDecimal.valueOf(values.size()), MATH);
+      BigDecimal variance = values.stream().map(v -> v.subtract(mean).pow(2)).reduce(BigDecimal.ZERO, BigDecimal::add);
+      metrics.put("stddev", values.size() < 2 ? null : variance.divide(BigDecimal.valueOf(values.size() - 1), MATH).sqrt(MATH));
+      for(BigDecimal p : percentiles)
+      {
+         metrics.put("p" + p.multiply(BigDecimal.valueOf(100)).stripTrailingZeros().toPlainString(), percentile(values, p));
+      }
+      return (metrics);
+   }
+
+
+
    /*******************************************************************************
     ** PostgreSQL percentile_cont interpolation at p * (n - 1).
     *******************************************************************************/
@@ -394,17 +455,21 @@ public class StandInAnalysisBackend implements AnalysisBackend
       {
          return (result);
       }
+      NiceBins nice = NiceBins.covering(low, high);
+      low = nice.low();
+      high = nice.high();
+      bins = nice.count();
       List<BigDecimal> values = rows(table, filter, Set.of(field), config.getMaxRows()).stream().map(r -> r.getValue(field))
          .filter(Objects::nonNull).map(v -> new BigDecimal(v.toString())).toList();
-      result.add(bucket(table, filter, "Below " + low, numericRange(table, field, values, null, low, false)));
+      result.add(bucket(table, filter, AnalysisFormatting.interval(field(table, field), null, low), numericRange(table, field, values, null, low, false)));
       BigDecimal width = high.subtract(low).divide(BigDecimal.valueOf(bins), MATH);
       for(int i = 0; i < bins; i++)
       {
          BigDecimal start = low.add(width.multiply(BigDecimal.valueOf(i)));
          BigDecimal end = i == bins - 1 ? high : low.add(width.multiply(BigDecimal.valueOf(i + 1)));
-         result.add(bucket(table, filter, "[" + start + ", " + end + (i == bins - 1 ? "]" : ")"), numericRange(table, field, values, start, end, i == bins - 1)));
+         result.add(bucket(table, filter, AnalysisFormatting.interval(field(table, field), start, end), numericRange(table, field, values, start, end, i == bins - 1)));
       }
-      result.add(bucket(table, filter, "Above " + high, DrillFilters.and(DrillFilters.condition(field, QCriteriaOperator.IS_NOT_BLANK), DrillFilters.condition(field, QCriteriaOperator.GREATER_THAN, high))));
+      result.add(bucket(table, filter, AnalysisFormatting.interval(field(table, field), high, null), DrillFilters.and(DrillFilters.condition(field, QCriteriaOperator.IS_NOT_BLANK), DrillFilters.condition(field, QCriteriaOperator.GREATER_THAN, high))));
       return (result);
    }
 
@@ -415,7 +480,7 @@ public class StandInAnalysisBackend implements AnalysisBackend
     *******************************************************************************/
    private GroupCount bucket(String table, QQueryFilter filter, String label, QQueryFilter condition) throws QException
    {
-      return (new GroupCount(label, label, count(table, DrillFilters.and(filter, condition)), condition));
+      return (new GroupCount(label, label, count(table, DrillFilters.and(filter, condition)), condition, countShare()));
    }
 
 
@@ -430,7 +495,26 @@ public class StandInAnalysisBackend implements AnalysisBackend
       if(unit == DateUnit.DAY_OF_WEEK || unit == DateUnit.HOUR_OF_DAY)
       {
          return (mappedGroups(table, filter, field, records, v -> unit == DateUnit.DAY_OF_WEEK ? day(v, zone).getDayOfWeek().getValue()
-            : ((Instant) v).atZone(zone).getHour(), 24));
+            : ((Instant) v).atZone(zone).getHour(), 24).stream()
+            .map(g -> new GroupCount(g.value(), AnalysisFormatting.dateBucket(g.value(), unit, zone), g.count(), g.condition(), g.share())).toList());
+      }
+      if(unit == DateUnit.HOUR)
+      {
+         List<Instant> instants = records.stream().map(r -> (Instant) r.getValue(field)).filter(Objects::nonNull).sorted().toList();
+         List<GroupCount> hours = new ArrayList<>();
+         if(!instants.isEmpty())
+         {
+            Instant start = instants.getFirst().atZone(zone).truncatedTo(java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit.HOURS).toInstant();
+            while(!start.isAfter(instants.getLast()))
+            {
+               Instant end = start.plus(1, java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit.HOURS);
+               QQueryFilter condition = DrillFilters.and(DrillFilters.condition(field, QCriteriaOperator.GREATER_THAN_OR_EQUALS, start),
+                  DrillFilters.condition(field, QCriteriaOperator.LESS_THAN, end));
+               hours.add(new GroupCount(start, AnalysisFormatting.dateBucket(start, unit, zone), count(table, DrillFilters.and(filter, condition)), condition, countShare()));
+               start = end;
+            }
+         }
+         return (hours);
       }
       List<LocalDate> dates = records.stream().map(r -> r.getValue(field)).filter(Objects::nonNull).map(v -> day(v, zone)).sorted().toList();
       List<GroupCount> result = new ArrayList<>();
@@ -443,7 +527,8 @@ public class StandInAnalysisBackend implements AnalysisBackend
       while(!start.isAfter(last))
       {
          LocalDate end = next(start, unit);
-         result.add(bucket(table, filter, start + " / " + end, DrillFilters.dateRange(field, start, end, field(table, field).getType() == QFieldType.DATE_TIME, zone)));
+         QQueryFilter condition = DrillFilters.dateRange(field, start, end, field(table, field).getType() == QFieldType.DATE_TIME, zone);
+         result.add(new GroupCount(start, AnalysisFormatting.dateBucket(start, unit, zone), count(table, DrillFilters.and(filter, condition)), condition, countShare()));
          start = end;
       }
       return (result);
@@ -464,12 +549,13 @@ public class StandInAnalysisBackend implements AnalysisBackend
    /*******************************************************************************
     ** ISO weeks begin Monday.
     *******************************************************************************/
-   private static LocalDate floor(LocalDate date, DateUnit unit)
+   protected static LocalDate floor(LocalDate date, DateUnit unit)
    {
       return (switch(unit)
       {
          case WEEK -> date.with(TemporalAdjusters.previousOrSame(DayOfWeek.MONDAY));
          case MONTH -> date.withDayOfMonth(1);
+         case QUARTER -> date.withMonth((date.getMonthValue() - 1) / 3 * 3 + 1).withDayOfMonth(1);
          case YEAR -> date.withDayOfYear(1);
          default -> date;
       });
@@ -480,12 +566,13 @@ public class StandInAnalysisBackend implements AnalysisBackend
    /*******************************************************************************
     ** Calendar arithmetic handles leap years and daylight savings.
     *******************************************************************************/
-   private static LocalDate next(LocalDate date, DateUnit unit)
+   protected static LocalDate next(LocalDate date, DateUnit unit)
    {
       return (switch(unit)
       {
          case WEEK -> date.plusWeeks(1);
          case MONTH -> date.plusMonths(1);
+         case QUARTER -> date.plusMonths(3);
          case YEAR -> date.plusYears(1);
          default -> date.plusDays(1);
       });
@@ -506,7 +593,13 @@ public class StandInAnalysisBackend implements AnalysisBackend
       result.put("max", null);
       for(AggregateResult row : aggregate(input))
       {
-         row.getAggregateValues().forEach((key, value) -> result.put(key.getOperator().name().toLowerCase(java.util.Locale.ROOT), value));
+         row.getAggregateValues().forEach((key, value) ->
+         {
+            if(key.getOperator() == AggregateOperator.MIN || key.getOperator() == AggregateOperator.MAX)
+            {
+               result.put(key.getOperator().name().toLowerCase(java.util.Locale.ROOT), value);
+            }
+         });
       }
       return (result);
    }
@@ -538,12 +631,14 @@ public class StandInAnalysisBackend implements AnalysisBackend
     ** Shapes use a primary-key prefix of at most the requested sample size.
     *******************************************************************************/
    @Override
-   public List<GroupCount> patterns(String table, QQueryFilter filter, String field, int sampleRows) throws QException
+   public PatternSummary patterns(String table, QQueryFilter filter, String field, int sampleRows) throws QException
    {
-      List<QRecord> records = rows(table, filter, Set.of(field, primaryKey(table)), sampleRows);
+      List<QRecord> records = rows(table, DrillFilters.and(filter, DrillFilters.nonNull(field, true)), Set.of(field, primaryKey(table)), sampleRows + 1);
+      boolean truncated = records.size() > sampleRows;
+      records = records.subList(0, Math.min(records.size(), sampleRows));
       QQueryFilter sampled = records.isEmpty() ? DrillFilters.in(primaryKey(table), List.of())
          : DrillFilters.condition(primaryKey(table), QCriteriaOperator.LESS_THAN_OR_EQUALS, records.getLast().getValue(primaryKey(table)));
-      return (mappedGroups(table, DrillFilters.and(filter, sampled), field, records, v -> shape(v.toString()), 10));
+      return (new PatternSummary(mappedGroups(table, estimating ? filter : DrillFilters.and(filter, sampled), field, records, v -> shape(v.toString()), 10), records.size(), truncated));
    }
 
 
@@ -575,8 +670,8 @@ public class StandInAnalysisBackend implements AnalysisBackend
       List<GroupCount> groups = new ArrayList<>();
       for(Map.Entry<Serializable, Set<Serializable>> entry : members.entrySet())
       {
-         QQueryFilter condition = DrillFilters.and(filter, DrillFilters.in(field, new ArrayList<>(entry.getValue())));
-         groups.add(new GroupCount(entry.getKey(), entry.getKey().toString(), count(table, condition), condition));
+         QQueryFilter condition = DrillFilters.in(field, new ArrayList<>(entry.getValue()));
+         groups.add(new GroupCount(entry.getKey(), entry.getKey().toString(), count(table, DrillFilters.and(filter, condition)), estimating ? condition : DrillFilters.and(filter, condition), countShare()));
       }
       return (groups.stream().sorted(Comparator.comparingLong(GroupCount::count).reversed().thenComparing(GroupCount::label)).limit(limit).toList());
    }
@@ -597,7 +692,7 @@ public class StandInAnalysisBackend implements AnalysisBackend
    /*******************************************************************************
     ** Metadata lookup follows facade security checks.
     *******************************************************************************/
-   private static QFieldMetaData field(String table, String field)
+   protected static QFieldMetaData field(String table, String field)
    {
       return (QContext.getQInstance().getTable(table).getField(field));
    }
@@ -607,7 +702,7 @@ public class StandInAnalysisBackend implements AnalysisBackend
    /*******************************************************************************
     ** Deterministic paging requires an addressable primary key.
     *******************************************************************************/
-   private static String primaryKey(String table)
+   protected static String primaryKey(String table)
    {
       return (QContext.getQInstance().getTable(table).getPrimaryKeyField());
    }
@@ -618,7 +713,7 @@ public class StandInAnalysisBackend implements AnalysisBackend
     ** COUNT and COUNT_DISTINCT always read as integers: RC.5's RDBMS reader
     ** otherwise reads them as the field's type (a boolean count fails).
     *******************************************************************************/
-   private static Aggregate countOf(String field, AggregateOperator op)
+   protected static Aggregate countOf(String field, AggregateOperator op)
    {
       return (new Aggregate(field, op).withFieldType(QFieldType.INTEGER));
    }
@@ -628,7 +723,7 @@ public class StandInAnalysisBackend implements AnalysisBackend
    /*******************************************************************************
     ** The value of one aggregate of a result row (0 when absent).
     *******************************************************************************/
-   private static BigDecimal number(AggregateResult row, String field, AggregateOperator op)
+   protected static BigDecimal number(AggregateResult row, String field, AggregateOperator op)
    {
       Serializable value = row.getAggregateValues().entrySet().stream().filter(e -> field.equals(e.getKey().getFieldName()) && op == e.getKey().getOperator())
          .map(Map.Entry::getValue).filter(Objects::nonNull).findFirst().orElse(0);
@@ -642,9 +737,9 @@ public class StandInAnalysisBackend implements AnalysisBackend
     ** Use strict comparison plus actual boundary spellings to preserve half-open
     ** membership. SQL backends use ordinary range predicates.
     *******************************************************************************/
-   private static QQueryFilter numericRange(String table, String field, List<BigDecimal> values, BigDecimal low, BigDecimal high, boolean closed)
+   protected QQueryFilter numericRange(String table, String field, List<BigDecimal> values, BigDecimal low, BigDecimal high, boolean closed)
    {
-      if(!isMemory(table))
+      if(estimating || !isMemory(table))
       {
          return (DrillFilters.range(field, low, high, closed));
       }
@@ -682,7 +777,7 @@ public class StandInAnalysisBackend implements AnalysisBackend
    /*******************************************************************************
     ** Isolate compatibility fixes to the RC.5 memory implementation.
     *******************************************************************************/
-   private static boolean isMemory(String table)
+   protected static boolean isMemory(String table)
    {
       return ("memory".equals(QContext.getQInstance().getBackend(QContext.getQInstance().getTable(table).getBackendName()).getBackendType()));
    }

src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/engine/TableProfiler.java

@@ -60,22 +60,23 @@ public class TableProfiler
       String table = request.getTableName();
       QQueryFilter filter = scope.filter();
       long rows = backend.count(table, filter);
+      QQueryFilter drillFilter = scope.estimate() ? request.getFilter() : filter;
       TableProfile result = new TableProfile().withTableName(table).withFilter(DrillFilters.restoreTypes(request.getTableName(), request.getFilter())).withEstimate(scope.estimate())
-         .withSampleRows(scope.estimate() ? rows : 0L).withRowsScanned(scope.rowsScanned()).withTruncated(scope.truncated()).withAsOf(Instant.now())
-         .withRowCount(ProfileSupport.count("rows", rows, table, filter, null));
+         .withSampleRows(scope.estimate() ? scope.rowsScanned() : 0L).withRowsScanned(scope.rowsScanned()).withTruncated(scope.truncated()).withAsOf(Instant.now())
+         .withRowCount(ProfileSupport.count("rows", scope.estimate() ? scope.total() : rows, table, drillFilter, null));
       Map<String, AnalysisBackend.FieldCounts> counts = backend.fieldCounts(table, filter, fields.stream().map(QFieldMetaData::getName).toList());
       for(QFieldMetaData field : fields)
       {
          String name = field.getName();
          AnalysisBackend.FieldCounts c = counts.get(name);
          result.getFields().add(new FieldSummary().withField(name).withLabel(field.getLabel()).withType(field.getType().name())
-            .withCompleteness(ProfileSupport.share(rows - c.blanks(), rows)).withDistinct(c.distinct()).withUniqueness(ProfileSupport.share(c.distinct(), c.nonNull()))
-            .withConstant(c.distinct() == 1).withEmpty(c.blanks() == rows)
-            .withNulls(ProfileSupport.count("nulls", c.nulls(), table, filter, DrillFilters.nulls(name, field.getType().isStringLike())))
-            .withBlanks(ProfileSupport.count("blanks", c.blanks(), table, filter, c.blankFilter())));
+            .withCompleteness(AnalysisFormatting.ratio(c.completeness())).withDistinct(c.distinct()).withUniqueness(AnalysisFormatting.ratio(c.uniqueness()))
+            .withConstant(c.constant()).withEmpty(c.blanks() == rows)
+            .withNulls(ProfileSupport.count("nulls", c.nulls(), table, drillFilter, DrillFilters.nulls(name, field.getType().isStringLike())))
+            .withBlanks(ProfileSupport.count("blanks", c.blanks(), table, drillFilter, c.blankFilter())));
          if(rows > 0 && c.distinct() == rows && c.nulls() == 0)
          {
-            result.getCandidateKeys().add(key(table, filter, List.of(name), rows));
+            result.getCandidateKeys().add(key(table, drillFilter, List.of(name), rows));
          }
       }
       List<FieldSummary> ranked = result.getFields().stream().sorted(Comparator.comparing(FieldSummary::getUniqueness).reversed().thenComparing(FieldSummary::getField)).limit(8).toList();
@@ -86,7 +87,7 @@ public class TableProfiler
             List<String> pair = List.of(ranked.get(i).getField(), ranked.get(j).getField());
             if(rows > 0 && pair.stream().allMatch(f -> counts.get(f).nulls() == 0) && backend.duplicates(table, filter, pair, 1).isEmpty())
             {
-               result.getCandidateKeys().add(key(table, filter, pair, rows));
+               result.getCandidateKeys().add(key(table, drillFilter, pair, rows));
             }
          }
       }
@@ -97,7 +98,12 @@ public class TableProfiler
       {
          result.getHeatmap().getSeries().getFirst().getPoints().add(new Point().withX(field.getField()).withLabel(field.getLabel()).withY(field.getCompleteness()));
       }
-      if(scope.estimate() || scope.truncated())
+      if(scope.estimate())
+      {
+         result.getFields().forEach(f -> ProfileSupport.markEstimates(List.of(f.getNulls(), f.getBlanks())));
+         result.getWarnings().add(scope.warning());
+      }
+      else if(scope.truncated())
       {
          result.getWarnings().add("Profiles and candidate keys describe only the first " + rows + " rows by primary key.");
       }

src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/metadata/WatchProcesses.java

@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+/*
+ * QQQ - Low-code Application Framework for Engineers.
+ * Copyright (C) 2021-2025.  Kingsrook, LLC
+ * 651 N Broad St Ste 205 # 6917 | Middletown DE 19709 | United States
+ * contact@kingsrook.com
+ * https://github.com/Kingsrook/
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.metadata;
+
+import java.util.List;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.DataAnalysisQBitConfig;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.model.DataAnalysisTables;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.processes.WatchActions;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.MetaDataProducerMultiOutput;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.QInstance;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.code.QCodeReference;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.layout.QIcon;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.permissions.PermissionLevel;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.permissions.QPermissionRules;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.processes.QBackendStepMetaData;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.processes.QProcessMetaData;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.qbits.QBitComponentMetaDataProducer;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.scheduleing.QScheduleMetaData;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.processes.implementations.etl.streamedwithfrontend.ExtractViaQueryStep;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.processes.implementations.etl.streamedwithfrontend.StreamedETLWithFrontendProcess;
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ ** Watch record actions and one hidden scheduled process, never app children.
+ *******************************************************************************/
+public class WatchProcesses extends QBitComponentMetaDataProducer<MetaDataProducerMultiOutput, DataAnalysisQBitConfig>
+{
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Build after the watch table has been registered.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   @Override
+   public int getSortOrder()
+   {
+      return (200);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Component scanning also encounters unconfigured producers.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   @Override
+   public boolean isEnabled()
+   {
+      return (getQBitConfig() != null);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Ordinary core actions provide selected records, Review, and Result screens.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   @Override
+   public MetaDataProducerMultiOutput produce(QInstance instance)
+   {
+      MetaDataProducerMultiOutput output = new MetaDataProducerMultiOutput();
+      for(String name : List.of(WatchActions.EVALUATE, WatchActions.ENABLE, WatchActions.DISABLE))
+      {
+         String label = WatchActions.EVALUATE.equals(name) ? "Evaluate now" : WatchActions.ENABLE.equals(name) ? "Enable" : "Disable";
+         QProcessMetaData process = StreamedETLWithFrontendProcess.processMetaDataBuilder()
+            .withName(name).withLabel(label).withIcon(new QIcon("notifications_active"))
+            .withTableName(DataAnalysisTables.WATCH).withSourceTable(DataAnalysisTables.WATCH).withDestinationTable(DataAnalysisTables.WATCH)
+            .withExtractStepClass(ExtractViaQueryStep.class).withTransformStepClass(WatchActions.Review.class).withLoadStepClass(WatchActions.Result.class)
+            .withSupportsFullValidation(true).withDoFullValidation(true).withMinInputRecords(1)
+            .withPreviewMessage("Review the selected watches.").getProcessMetaData();
+         // Table READ/EDIT and owner locks are enforced by extraction and both steps.
+         process.withPermissionRules(new QPermissionRules().withLevel(PermissionLevel.NOT_PROTECTED));
+         output.add(process);
+      }
+      QProcessMetaData scheduled = new QProcessMetaData().withName(WatchActions.SCHEDULED).withLabel("Evaluate watches").withIsHidden(true)
+         .withPermissionRules(new QPermissionRules().withLevel(PermissionLevel.HAS_ACCESS_PERMISSION).withPermissionBaseName(WatchActions.SCHEDULED))
+         .withStep(new QBackendStepMetaData().withName("run").withCode(new QCodeReference(WatchActions.Scheduled.class)));
+      if(getQBitConfig().getSchedulerName() != null)
+      {
+         scheduled.withSchedule(new QScheduleMetaData().withSchedulerName(getQBitConfig().getSchedulerName()).withRepeatSeconds(900).withInitialDelaySeconds(900));
+      }
+      output.add(scheduled);
+      return (output);
+   }
+}

src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/model/DataAnalysisFieldPossibleValueProvider.java

@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+/*
+ * QQQ - Low-code Application Framework for Engineers.
+ * Copyright (C) 2021-2025.  Kingsrook, LLC
+ * 651 N Broad St Ste 205 # 6917 | Middletown DE 19709 | United States
+ * contact@kingsrook.com
+ * https://github.com/Kingsrook/
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+
+package com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.model;
+
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Locale;
+import java.util.Map;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.actions.values.QCustomPossibleValueProvider;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.context.QContext;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.values.SearchPossibleValueSourceInput;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.fields.QFieldMetaData;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.possiblevalues.QPossibleValue;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.tables.QTableMetaData;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.utils.CollectionUtils;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.utils.StringUtils;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.utils.ValueUtils;
+
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ ** Fields of the table selected in the settings form. Core has no multi-select
+ ** PVS field yet; settings retain their comma-separated TEXT representation.
+ *******************************************************************************/
+public class DataAnalysisFieldPossibleValueProvider implements QCustomPossibleValueProvider<String>
+{
+   public static final String NAME = "data_analysis_fields";
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Without form values the table is unknown; preserve names, including CSV lists.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   @Override
+   public QPossibleValue<String> getPossibleValue(Serializable idValue)
+   {
+      String name = ValueUtils.getValueAsString(idValue);
+      return (name == null ? null : new QPossibleValue<>(name, name));
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Offer only fields of the selected table, honoring search text and id lookups.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   @Override
+   public List<QPossibleValue<String>> search(SearchPossibleValueSourceInput input)
+   {
+      List<QPossibleValue<String>> values = new ArrayList<>();
+      QTableMetaData table = resolveTable(input.getOtherValues());
+      if(table == null)
+      {
+         return (values);
+      }
+      for(QFieldMetaData field : table.getFields().values())
+      {
+         String label = field.getLabel() == null ? field.getName() : field.getLabel();
+         QPossibleValue<String> value = new QPossibleValue<>(field.getName(), label + " (" + field.getName() + ")");
+         if(CollectionUtils.nullSafeHasContents(input.getIdList()))
+         {
+            if(input.getIdList().stream().anyMatch(id -> value.getId().equals(ValueUtils.getValueAsString(id))))
+            {
+               values.add(value);
+            }
+         }
+         else
+         {
+            String term = input.getSearchTerm();
+            if(!StringUtils.hasContent(term) || value.getLabel().toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT).contains(term.toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT)))
+            {
+               values.add(value);
+            }
+         }
+      }
+      return (values);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Resolve the table from the frontend form values, never from the config table.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   private QTableMetaData resolveTable(Map<String, Serializable> otherValues)
+   {
+      if(otherValues == null || QContext.getQInstance() == null)
+      {
+         return (null);
+      }
+      String tableName = ValueUtils.getValueAsString(otherValues.get("table_name"));
+      return (StringUtils.hasContent(tableName) ? QContext.getQInstance().getTable(tableName) : null);
+   }
+}

src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/model/DataAnalysisTables.java

@@ -29,8 +29,12 @@ import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.DataAnalysisQBitConfig;
 import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.permissions.DataAnalysisPermissions;
 import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.actions.dashboard.widgets.ChildRecordListRenderer;
 import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.instances.QInstanceEnricher;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.query.QCriteriaOperator;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.query.QFilterCriteria;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.query.QQueryFilter;
 import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.audits.AuditLevel;
 import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.audits.QAuditRules;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.code.QCodeReference;
 import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.dashboard.QWidgetMetaData;
 import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.fields.QFieldMetaData;
 import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.fields.QFieldType;
@@ -49,6 +53,7 @@ import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.tables.ExposedJoin;
 import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.tables.QFieldSection;
 import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.tables.QTableMetaData;
 import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.tables.SectionFactory;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.tables.TablesPossibleValueSourceMetaDataProvider;
 import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.tables.Tier;
 import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.tables.UniqueKey;
 
@@ -111,10 +116,15 @@ public final class DataAnalysisTables
    public static List<QPossibleValueSource> possibleValueSources()
    {
       List<QPossibleValueSource> sources = new ArrayList<>();
+      sources.add(new QPossibleValueSource().withName(DataAnalysisFieldPossibleValueProvider.NAME)
+         .withType(QPossibleValueSourceType.CUSTOM).withIdType(QFieldType.STRING)
+         .withCustomCodeReference(new QCodeReference(DataAnalysisFieldPossibleValueProvider.class)));
       sources.add(enumSource("kind", "COLUMN_PROFILE", "TABLE_PROFILE", "PIVOT", "COMPARE", "CORRELATION", "CROSSTAB", "SHIFT"));
       sources.add(enumSource("chart_kind", "HISTOGRAM", "BOX", "BAR", "PARETO", "TIME_SERIES", "SCATTER", "HEATMAP"));
       sources.add(enumSource("detector", "SPIKE", "DROP", "OUT_OF_RANGE", "NEW_CATEGORY", "NULL_RATE_CREEP"));
       sources.add(enumSource("watch_state", "OK", "FIRING"));
+      sources.add(enumSource("watch_bucket", "HOUR", "DAY", "WEEK", "MONTH"));
+      sources.add(enumSource("watch_severity", "INFO", "WARNING", "ERROR", "CRITICAL"));
       sources.add(enumSource("run_status", "RUNNING", "COMPLETE", "FAILED"));
       sources.add(enumSource("schedule_frequency", "DAILY", "WEEKLY", "MONTHLY"));
       sources.add(enumSource("schedule_format", "HTML_SUMMARY", "CSV", "XLSX"));
@@ -205,14 +215,16 @@ public final class DataAnalysisTables
       List<QTableMetaData> tables = new ArrayList<>();
       tables.add(base(config, TABLE_CONFIG, "Analysis Settings", "settings", "data_analysis.settings")
          .withRecordLabelFormatAndFields("%s", "table_name")
-         .withField(field("table_name", QFieldType.STRING).withIsRequired(true))
+         .withField(field("table_name", QFieldType.STRING).withPossibleValueSourceName(TablesPossibleValueSourceMetaDataProvider.NAME).withIsRequired(true))
          .withField(field("enabled", QFieldType.BOOLEAN).withDefaultValue(true))
          .withField(field("max_rows", QFieldType.INTEGER))
          .withField(field("sample_threshold_rows", QFieldType.INTEGER))
          .withField(field("sample_rows", QFieldType.INTEGER))
          .withField(field("min_group_size", QFieldType.INTEGER))
-         .withField(field("analyzable_fields", QFieldType.TEXT))
-         .withField(field("excluded_fields", QFieldType.TEXT))
+         // add possibleValueSourceDependsOn("table_name") once core has it
+         .withField(field("analyzable_fields", QFieldType.TEXT).withPossibleValueSourceName(DataAnalysisFieldPossibleValueProvider.NAME))
+         // add possibleValueSourceDependsOn("table_name") once core has it
+         .withField(field("excluded_fields", QFieldType.TEXT).withPossibleValueSourceName(DataAnalysisFieldPossibleValueProvider.NAME))
          .withField(field("cache_ttl_minutes", QFieldType.INTEGER))
          .withAuditRules(new QAuditRules().withAuditLevel(AuditLevel.FIELD))
          .withUniqueKey(new UniqueKey("table_name")));
@@ -220,7 +232,7 @@ public final class DataAnalysisTables
          .withRecordLabelFormatAndFields("%s", "name")
          .withField(field("name", QFieldType.STRING).withIsRequired(true))
          .withField(field("description", QFieldType.TEXT))
-         .withField(field("table_name", QFieldType.STRING).withIsRequired(true))
+         .withField(field("table_name", QFieldType.STRING).withPossibleValueSourceName(TablesPossibleValueSourceMetaDataProvider.NAME).withIsRequired(true))
          .withField(field("filter_json", QFieldType.TEXT))
          .withField(field("kind", QFieldType.STRING).withPossibleValueSourceName("data_analysis_kind").withIsRequired(true))
          .withField(field("definition_json", QFieldType.TEXT).withIsRequired(true))
@@ -252,21 +264,31 @@ public final class DataAnalysisTables
          .withRecordSecurityLock(ownerLock(SAVED + ".owner_user_id").withJoinNameChain(List.of(joinName(SCHEDULE)))));
       tables.add(base(config, WATCH, "Watches", "notifications_active", "data_analysis.watch")
          .withRecordLabelFormatAndFields("%s", "detector")
-         .withField(field("saved_id", QFieldType.INTEGER).withPossibleValueSourceName("data_analysis_saved"))
-         .withField(field("table_name", QFieldType.STRING))
+         .withField(field("saved_id", QFieldType.INTEGER).withPossibleValueSourceName("data_analysis_saved")
+            .withPossibleValueSourceFilter(new QQueryFilter(new QFilterCriteria("table_name", QCriteriaOperator.EQUALS, "${input.table_name}"))))
+         .withField(field("table_name", QFieldType.STRING).withPossibleValueSourceName(TablesPossibleValueSourceMetaDataProvider.NAME))
          .withField(field("filter_json", QFieldType.TEXT))
          .withField(field("metric_json", QFieldType.TEXT))
          .withField(field("detector", QFieldType.STRING).withPossibleValueSourceName("data_analysis_detector").withIsRequired(true))
          .withField(field("parameters_json", QFieldType.TEXT))
-         .withField(field("bucket", QFieldType.STRING))
-         .withField(field("severity", QFieldType.STRING))
+         .withField(field("date_field", QFieldType.STRING).withIsRequired(true))
+         .withField(field("bucket", QFieldType.STRING).withDefaultValue("DAY").withIsRequired(true).withPossibleValueSourceName("data_analysis_watch_bucket"))
+         .withField(field("severity", QFieldType.STRING).withDefaultValue("WARNING").withIsRequired(true).withPossibleValueSourceName("data_analysis_watch_severity"))
+         .withField(field("owner_user_id", QFieldType.STRING).withIsRequired(true))
          .withField(field("enabled", QFieldType.BOOLEAN).withDefaultValue(false))
-         .withField(field("last_evaluated_at", QFieldType.DATE_TIME))
-         .withField(field("state", QFieldType.STRING).withDefaultValue("OK").withPossibleValueSourceName("data_analysis_watch_state"))
-         .withField(field("alert_key", QFieldType.STRING)));
+         .withField(field("last_evaluated_at", QFieldType.DATE_TIME).withIsEditable(false))
+         .withField(field("last_value", QFieldType.DECIMAL).withIsEditable(false))
+         .withField(field("last_message", QFieldType.TEXT).withIsEditable(false))
+         .withField(field("state", QFieldType.STRING).withDefaultValue("OK").withIsEditable(false).withPossibleValueSourceName("data_analysis_watch_state"))
+         .withField(field("alert_key", QFieldType.STRING).withIsEditable(false))
+         .withRecordSecurityLock(ownerLock("owner_user_id"))
+         .withCustomizer(com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.actions.customizers.TableCustomizers.PRE_INSERT_RECORD,
+            new com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.code.QCodeReference(com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.watch.WatchCustomizer.class))
+         .withCustomizer(com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.actions.customizers.TableCustomizers.PRE_UPDATE_RECORD,
+            new com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.code.QCodeReference(com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.watch.WatchCustomizer.class)));
       tables.add(base(config, RUN, "Analysis Runs", "history", "data_analysis.run")
          .withRecordLabelFormatAndFields("%s", "operation")
-         .withField(field("table_name", QFieldType.STRING).withIsRequired(true))
+         .withField(field("table_name", QFieldType.STRING).withPossibleValueSourceName(TablesPossibleValueSourceMetaDataProvider.NAME).withIsRequired(true))
          .withField(field("operation", QFieldType.STRING).withIsRequired(true))
          .withField(field("request_hash", QFieldType.STRING))
          .withField(field("filter_hash", QFieldType.STRING))

src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/permissions/DataAnalysisPermissions.java

@@ -27,12 +27,11 @@ import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.context.QContext;
 import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.query.QueryInput;
 import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.permissions.QPermissionRules;
 import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.tables.QTableMetaData;
-import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.session.QSession;
 import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.utils.StringUtils;
 
 
 /*******************************************************************************
- ** Data Analysis permissions and the temporary per-table feature check.
+ ** Data Analysis permissions through the core table feature registry.
  *******************************************************************************/
 public final class DataAnalysisPermissions
 {
@@ -68,9 +67,8 @@ public final class DataAnalysisPermissions
     *******************************************************************************/
    public static boolean canAnalyze(QTableMetaData table)
    {
-      QSession session = QContext.getQSession();
       boolean read = !Boolean.TRUE.equals(QContext.getQInstance().getEnforcePermissionsInCoreActions())
          || PermissionsHelper.hasTablePermission(new QueryInput(table.getName()), table.getName(), TablePermissionSubType.READ);
-      return (read && session != null && session.hasPermission(analyzePermissionName(table)));
+      return (read && PermissionsHelper.hasTableFeaturePermission(QContext.getQInstance(), QContext.getQSession(), table, "analyze"));
    }
 }

src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/processes/WatchActions.java

@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+/*
+ * QQQ - Low-code Application Framework for Engineers.
+ * Copyright (C) 2021-2025.  Kingsrook, LLC
+ * 651 N Broad St Ste 205 # 6917 | Middletown DE 19709 | United States
+ * contact@kingsrook.com
+ * https://github.com/Kingsrook/
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.processes;
+
+import java.time.Instant;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.DataAnalysisRuntime;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.model.DataAnalysisTables;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.actions.permissions.PermissionsHelper;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.actions.permissions.TablePermissionSubType;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.actions.processes.BackendStep;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.exceptions.QException;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.exceptions.QPermissionDeniedException;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.processes.ProcessSummaryLine;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.processes.ProcessSummaryLineInterface;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.processes.RunBackendStepInput;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.processes.RunBackendStepOutput;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.processes.Status;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.update.UpdateInput;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.data.QRecord;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.processes.implementations.etl.streamedwithfrontend.AbstractLoadStep;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.processes.implementations.etl.streamedwithfrontend.AbstractTransformStep;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.processes.implementations.etl.streamedwithfrontend.ProcessSummaryProviderInterface;
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ ** Ordinary streamed ETL Review/Result steps; no custom forms or navigation.
+ *******************************************************************************/
+public final class WatchActions
+{
+   public static final String EVALUATE = "data_analysis_watch_evaluate";
+   public static final String ENABLE = "data_analysis_watch_enable";
+   public static final String DISABLE = "data_analysis_watch_disable";
+   public static final String SCHEDULED = "data_analysis_evaluate_watches";
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Steps only.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   private WatchActions()
+   {
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Preview selected records without evaluating or mutating them.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public static class Review extends AbstractTransformStep implements ProcessSummaryProviderInterface
+   {
+      private final ArrayList<ProcessSummaryLineInterface> lines = new ArrayList<>();
+
+      /*******************************************************************************
+       ** Extract runs as caller; enforce EDIT before promising any action.
+       *******************************************************************************/
+      @Override
+      public void runOnePage(RunBackendStepInput input, RunBackendStepOutput output) throws QException
+      {
+         if(!PermissionsHelper.hasTablePermission(new UpdateInput(DataAnalysisTables.WATCH), DataAnalysisTables.WATCH, TablePermissionSubType.EDIT))
+         {
+            throw new QPermissionDeniedException("Watch editing is unavailable.");
+         }
+         String verb = verb(input.getProcessName());
+         for(QRecord record : input.getRecords())
+         {
+            lines.add(new ProcessSummaryLine(Status.INFO, null, "Watch " + record.getValueString("id") + " (" + record.getValueString("detector") + ") will be " + verb + "."));
+            output.addRecord(record);
+         }
+      }
+
+      /*******************************************************************************
+       ** Standard summary lines are rendered by the core Review screen.
+       *******************************************************************************/
+      @Override
+      public ArrayList<ProcessSummaryLineInterface> getProcessSummary(RunBackendStepOutput output, boolean result)
+      {
+         return (result ? new ArrayList<>() : lines);
+      }
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Apply selected records and report exact evaluated/firing/OK/skipped counts.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public static class Result extends AbstractLoadStep implements ProcessSummaryProviderInterface
+   {
+      private int done;
+      private int firing;
+      private int ok;
+      private String process;
+      private final ArrayList<ProcessSummaryLineInterface> failures = new ArrayList<>();
+
+      /*******************************************************************************
+       ** Re-read and authorize each id when executing after Review.
+       *******************************************************************************/
+      @Override
+      public void runOnePage(RunBackendStepInput input, RunBackendStepOutput output) throws QException
+      {
+         process = input.getProcessName();
+         verb(process);
+         for(QRecord record : input.getRecords())
+         {
+            try
+            {
+               if(EVALUATE.equals(process))
+               {
+                  var verdict = DataAnalysisRuntime.watches().evaluate(record.getValue("id"), Instant.now());
+                  if(!verdict.evaluated())
+                  {
+                     failures.add(new ProcessSummaryLine(Status.WARNING, null, "Watch " + record.getValueString("id") + " skipped: " + verdict.message()));
+                     continue;
+                  }
+                  firing += verdict.firing() ? 1 : 0;
+                  ok += verdict.firing() ? 0 : 1;
+               }
+               else
+               {
+                  DataAnalysisRuntime.watches().setEnabled(record.getValue("id"), ENABLE.equals(process));
+               }
+               done++;
+               output.addRecord(record);
+            }
+            catch(QException e)
+            {
+               failures.add(new ProcessSummaryLine(Status.ERROR, null, "Watch " + record.getValueString("id") + " failed: " + e.getMessage()));
+            }
+         }
+      }
+
+      /*******************************************************************************
+       ** Counts span all streamed pages, so the Result screen is a true total.
+       *******************************************************************************/
+      @Override
+      public ArrayList<ProcessSummaryLineInterface> getProcessSummary(RunBackendStepOutput output, boolean result)
+      {
+         ArrayList<ProcessSummaryLineInterface> lines = new ArrayList<>();
+         String message = done + (done == 1 ? " watch " : " watches ") + (EVALUATE.equals(process) ? "evaluated: " + firing + " firing, " + ok + " OK"
+            : ENABLE.equals(process) ? "enabled" : "disabled");
+         lines.add(new ProcessSummaryLine(Status.OK, null, message));
+         lines.addAll(failures);
+         return (lines);
+      }
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Scheduler invokes a hidden backend-only process every fifteen minutes.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public static class Scheduled implements BackendStep
+   {
+      /*******************************************************************************
+       ** Store the real count of successfully evaluated enabled watches.
+       *******************************************************************************/
+      @Override
+      public void run(RunBackendStepInput input, RunBackendStepOutput output) throws QException
+      {
+         output.addValue("count", DataAnalysisRuntime.watches().evaluateEnabled(Instant.now()));
+      }
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Reject unknown processes instead of silently choosing a mutation.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   private static String verb(String process) throws QException
+   {
+      return (switch(process)
+      {
+         case EVALUATE -> "evaluated";
+         case ENABLE -> "enabled";
+         case DISABLE -> "disabled";
+         default -> throw new QException("Unknown watch action.");
+      });
+   }
+}

src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/result/Chart.java

@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonAutoDetect;
 public class Chart implements Serializable
 {
    private ChartKind kind;
+   private Boolean stacked;
    private List<ChartKind> alternatives = List.of();
    private Axis x;
    private Axis y;
@@ -164,4 +165,21 @@ public class Chart implements Serializable
       this.annotations = annotations;
       return (this);
    }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Whether category series should stack to a total share of one.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public Boolean getStacked()
+   {
+      return (stacked);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Declare stacked shares explicitly rather than relying on chart prose.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public Chart withStacked(Boolean stacked)
+   {
+      this.stacked = stacked;
+      return (this);
+   }
 }

src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/result/CompareRequest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+/*
+ * QQQ - Low-code Application Framework for Engineers.
+ * Copyright (C) 2021-2025.  Kingsrook, LLC
+ * 651 N Broad St Ste 205 # 6917 | Middletown DE 19709 | United States
+ * contact@kingsrook.com
+ * https://github.com/Kingsrook/
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.util.List;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonAutoDetect;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.query.QQueryFilter;
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ ** Typed CompareRequest contract for comparison and relationship analysis.
+ *******************************************************************************/
+@JsonAutoDetect(fieldVisibility = JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.ANY, getterVisibility = JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.NONE, isGetterVisibility = JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.NONE)
+public class CompareRequest implements AnalysisRequest
+{
+   private String tableName;
+   private QQueryFilter filter;
+   private Boolean exact = true;
+   private QQueryFilter filterA;
+   private QQueryFilter filterB;
+   private String labelA = "A";
+   private String labelB = "B";
+   private List<String> fields;
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for tableName.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   @Override
+   public String getTableName()
+   {
+      return (tableName);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for tableName.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public CompareRequest withTableName(String tableName)
+   {
+      this.tableName = tableName;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for filter.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   @Override
+   public QQueryFilter getFilter()
+   {
+      return (filter);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for filter.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public CompareRequest withFilter(QQueryFilter filter)
+   {
+      this.filter = filter;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for exact.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   @Override
+   public Boolean getExact()
+   {
+      return (exact);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for exact.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public CompareRequest withExact(Boolean exact)
+   {
+      this.exact = exact;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for filterA.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public QQueryFilter getFilterA()
+   {
+      return (filterA);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for filterA.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public CompareRequest withFilterA(QQueryFilter filterA)
+   {
+      this.filterA = filterA;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for filterB.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public QQueryFilter getFilterB()
+   {
+      return (filterB);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for filterB.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public CompareRequest withFilterB(QQueryFilter filterB)
+   {
+      this.filterB = filterB;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for labelA.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public String getLabelA()
+   {
+      return (labelA);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for labelA.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public CompareRequest withLabelA(String labelA)
+   {
+      this.labelA = labelA;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for labelB.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public String getLabelB()
+   {
+      return (labelB);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for labelB.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public CompareRequest withLabelB(String labelB)
+   {
+      this.labelB = labelB;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for fields.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public List<String> getFields()
+   {
+      return (fields);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for fields.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public CompareRequest withFields(List<String> fields)
+   {
+      this.fields = fields;
+      return (this);
+   }
+}

src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/result/CompareResult.java

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+/*
+ * QQQ - Low-code Application Framework for Engineers.
+ * Copyright (C) 2021-2025.  Kingsrook, LLC
+ * 651 N Broad St Ste 205 # 6917 | Middletown DE 19709 | United States
+ * contact@kingsrook.com
+ * https://github.com/Kingsrook/
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.util.List;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonAutoDetect;
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ ** Typed CompareResult contract for comparison and relationship analysis.
+ *******************************************************************************/
+@JsonAutoDetect(fieldVisibility = JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.ANY, getterVisibility = JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.NONE, isGetterVisibility = JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.NONE)
+public class CompareResult implements Serializable
+{
+   private List<FieldComparison> fields = new java.util.ArrayList<>();
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for fields.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public List<FieldComparison> getFields()
+   {
+      return (fields);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for fields.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public CompareResult withFields(List<FieldComparison> fields)
+   {
+      this.fields = fields;
+      return (this);
+   }
+}

src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/result/ComparisonSide.java

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+/*
+ * QQQ - Low-code Application Framework for Engineers.
+ * Copyright (C) 2021-2025.  Kingsrook, LLC
+ * 651 N Broad St Ste 205 # 6917 | Middletown DE 19709 | United States
+ * contact@kingsrook.com
+ * https://github.com/Kingsrook/
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.util.List;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonAutoDetect;
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ ** Typed ComparisonSide contract for comparison and relationship analysis.
+ *******************************************************************************/
+@JsonAutoDetect(fieldVisibility = JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.ANY, getterVisibility = JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.NONE, isGetterVisibility = JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.NONE)
+public class ComparisonSide implements Serializable
+{
+   private String label;
+   private List<Metric> metrics = new java.util.ArrayList<>();
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for label.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public String getLabel()
+   {
+      return (label);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for label.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public ComparisonSide withLabel(String label)
+   {
+      this.label = label;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for metrics.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public List<Metric> getMetrics()
+   {
+      return (metrics);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for metrics.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public ComparisonSide withMetrics(List<Metric> metrics)
+   {
+      this.metrics = metrics;
+      return (this);
+   }
+}

src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/result/ComparisonValue.java

@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+/*
+ * QQQ - Low-code Application Framework for Engineers.
+ * Copyright (C) 2021-2025.  Kingsrook, LLC
+ * 651 N Broad St Ste 205 # 6917 | Middletown DE 19709 | United States
+ * contact@kingsrook.com
+ * https://github.com/Kingsrook/
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonAutoDetect;
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ ** Typed ComparisonValue contract for comparison and relationship analysis.
+ *******************************************************************************/
+@JsonAutoDetect(fieldVisibility = JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.ANY, getterVisibility = JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.NONE, isGetterVisibility = JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.NONE)
+public class ComparisonValue implements Serializable
+{
+   private Serializable value;
+   private String label;
+   private ComparisonSide sideA;
+   private ComparisonSide sideB;
+   private Metric delta;
+   private Metric percentDelta;
+   private Significance significance;
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for value.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public Serializable getValue()
+   {
+      return (value);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for value.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public ComparisonValue withValue(Serializable value)
+   {
+      this.value = value;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for label.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public String getLabel()
+   {
+      return (label);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for label.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public ComparisonValue withLabel(String label)
+   {
+      this.label = label;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for sideA.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public ComparisonSide getSideA()
+   {
+      return (sideA);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for sideA.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public ComparisonValue withSideA(ComparisonSide sideA)
+   {
+      this.sideA = sideA;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for sideB.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public ComparisonSide getSideB()
+   {
+      return (sideB);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for sideB.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public ComparisonValue withSideB(ComparisonSide sideB)
+   {
+      this.sideB = sideB;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for delta.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public Metric getDelta()
+   {
+      return (delta);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for delta.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public ComparisonValue withDelta(Metric delta)
+   {
+      this.delta = delta;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for percentDelta.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public Metric getPercentDelta()
+   {
+      return (percentDelta);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for percentDelta.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public ComparisonValue withPercentDelta(Metric percentDelta)
+   {
+      this.percentDelta = percentDelta;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for significance.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public Significance getSignificance()
+   {
+      return (significance);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for significance.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public ComparisonValue withSignificance(Significance significance)
+   {
+      this.significance = significance;
+      return (this);
+   }
+}

src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/result/CorrelationCell.java

@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+/*
+ * QQQ - Low-code Application Framework for Engineers.
+ * Copyright (C) 2021-2025.  Kingsrook, LLC
+ * 651 N Broad St Ste 205 # 6917 | Middletown DE 19709 | United States
+ * contact@kingsrook.com
+ * https://github.com/Kingsrook/
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonAutoDetect;
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ ** Typed CorrelationCell contract for comparison and relationship analysis.
+ *******************************************************************************/
+@JsonAutoDetect(fieldVisibility = JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.ANY, getterVisibility = JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.NONE, isGetterVisibility = JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.NONE)
+public class CorrelationCell implements Serializable
+{
+   private String xField;
+   private String yField;
+   private Long n;
+   private Double r;
+   private ScatterRequest scatter;
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for xField.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public String getXField()
+   {
+      return (xField);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for xField.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public CorrelationCell withXField(String xField)
+   {
+      this.xField = xField;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for yField.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public String getYField()
+   {
+      return (yField);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for yField.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public CorrelationCell withYField(String yField)
+   {
+      this.yField = yField;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for n.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public Long getN()
+   {
+      return (n);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for n.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public CorrelationCell withN(Long n)
+   {
+      this.n = n;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for r.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public Double getR()
+   {
+      return (r);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for r.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public CorrelationCell withR(Double r)
+   {
+      this.r = r;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for scatter.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public ScatterRequest getScatter()
+   {
+      return (scatter);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for scatter.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public CorrelationCell withScatter(ScatterRequest scatter)
+   {
+      this.scatter = scatter;
+      return (this);
+   }
+}

src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/result/CorrelationRequest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+/*
+ * QQQ - Low-code Application Framework for Engineers.
+ * Copyright (C) 2021-2025.  Kingsrook, LLC
+ * 651 N Broad St Ste 205 # 6917 | Middletown DE 19709 | United States
+ * contact@kingsrook.com
+ * https://github.com/Kingsrook/
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.util.List;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonAutoDetect;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.query.QQueryFilter;
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ ** Typed CorrelationRequest contract for comparison and relationship analysis.
+ *******************************************************************************/
+@JsonAutoDetect(fieldVisibility = JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.ANY, getterVisibility = JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.NONE, isGetterVisibility = JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.NONE)
+public class CorrelationRequest implements AnalysisRequest
+{
+   private String tableName;
+   private QQueryFilter filter;
+   private Boolean exact = true;
+   private List<String> fields;
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for tableName.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   @Override
+   public String getTableName()
+   {
+      return (tableName);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for tableName.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public CorrelationRequest withTableName(String tableName)
+   {
+      this.tableName = tableName;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for filter.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   @Override
+   public QQueryFilter getFilter()
+   {
+      return (filter);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for filter.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public CorrelationRequest withFilter(QQueryFilter filter)
+   {
+      this.filter = filter;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for exact.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   @Override
+   public Boolean getExact()
+   {
+      return (exact);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for exact.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public CorrelationRequest withExact(Boolean exact)
+   {
+      this.exact = exact;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for fields.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public List<String> getFields()
+   {
+      return (fields);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for fields.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public CorrelationRequest withFields(List<String> fields)
+   {
+      this.fields = fields;
+      return (this);
+   }
+}

src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/result/CorrelationResult.java

@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+/*
+ * QQQ - Low-code Application Framework for Engineers.
+ * Copyright (C) 2021-2025.  Kingsrook, LLC
+ * 651 N Broad St Ste 205 # 6917 | Middletown DE 19709 | United States
+ * contact@kingsrook.com
+ * https://github.com/Kingsrook/
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.util.List;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonAutoDetect;
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ ** Typed CorrelationResult contract for comparison and relationship analysis.
+ *******************************************************************************/
+@JsonAutoDetect(fieldVisibility = JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.ANY, getterVisibility = JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.NONE, isGetterVisibility = JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.NONE)
+public class CorrelationResult implements Serializable
+{
+   private List<String> fields;
+   private List<CorrelationCell> cells = new java.util.ArrayList<>();
+   private Chart chart;
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for fields.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public List<String> getFields()
+   {
+      return (fields);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for fields.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public CorrelationResult withFields(List<String> fields)
+   {
+      this.fields = fields;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for cells.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public List<CorrelationCell> getCells()
+   {
+      return (cells);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for cells.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public CorrelationResult withCells(List<CorrelationCell> cells)
+   {
+      this.cells = cells;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for chart.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public Chart getChart()
+   {
+      return (chart);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for chart.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public CorrelationResult withChart(Chart chart)
+   {
+      this.chart = chart;
+      return (this);
+   }
+}

src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/result/CrosstabCell.java

@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+/*
+ * QQQ - Low-code Application Framework for Engineers.
+ * Copyright (C) 2021-2025.  Kingsrook, LLC
+ * 651 N Broad St Ste 205 # 6917 | Middletown DE 19709 | United States
+ * contact@kingsrook.com
+ * https://github.com/Kingsrook/
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonAutoDetect;
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ ** Typed CrosstabCell contract for comparison and relationship analysis.
+ *******************************************************************************/
+@JsonAutoDetect(fieldVisibility = JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.ANY, getterVisibility = JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.NONE, isGetterVisibility = JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.NONE)
+public class CrosstabCell implements Serializable
+{
+   private Integer rowIndex;
+   private Integer columnIndex;
+   private Metric count;
+   private Metric rowShare;
+   private Metric columnShare;
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for rowIndex.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public Integer getRowIndex()
+   {
+      return (rowIndex);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for rowIndex.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public CrosstabCell withRowIndex(Integer rowIndex)
+   {
+      this.rowIndex = rowIndex;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for columnIndex.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public Integer getColumnIndex()
+   {
+      return (columnIndex);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for columnIndex.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public CrosstabCell withColumnIndex(Integer columnIndex)
+   {
+      this.columnIndex = columnIndex;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for count.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public Metric getCount()
+   {
+      return (count);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for count.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public CrosstabCell withCount(Metric count)
+   {
+      this.count = count;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for rowShare.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public Metric getRowShare()
+   {
+      return (rowShare);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for rowShare.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public CrosstabCell withRowShare(Metric rowShare)
+   {
+      this.rowShare = rowShare;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for columnShare.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public Metric getColumnShare()
+   {
+      return (columnShare);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for columnShare.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public CrosstabCell withColumnShare(Metric columnShare)
+   {
+      this.columnShare = columnShare;
+      return (this);
+   }
+}

src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/result/CrosstabRequest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+/*
+ * QQQ - Low-code Application Framework for Engineers.
+ * Copyright (C) 2021-2025.  Kingsrook, LLC
+ * 651 N Broad St Ste 205 # 6917 | Middletown DE 19709 | United States
+ * contact@kingsrook.com
+ * https://github.com/Kingsrook/
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonAutoDetect;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.query.QQueryFilter;
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ ** Typed CrosstabRequest contract for comparison and relationship analysis.
+ *******************************************************************************/
+@JsonAutoDetect(fieldVisibility = JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.ANY, getterVisibility = JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.NONE, isGetterVisibility = JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.NONE)
+public class CrosstabRequest implements AnalysisRequest
+{
+   private String tableName;
+   private QQueryFilter filter;
+   private Boolean exact = true;
+   private String rowField;
+   private String columnField;
+   private Integer limit = 20;
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for tableName.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   @Override
+   public String getTableName()
+   {
+      return (tableName);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for tableName.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public CrosstabRequest withTableName(String tableName)
+   {
+      this.tableName = tableName;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for filter.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   @Override
+   public QQueryFilter getFilter()
+   {
+      return (filter);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for filter.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public CrosstabRequest withFilter(QQueryFilter filter)
+   {
+      this.filter = filter;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for exact.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   @Override
+   public Boolean getExact()
+   {
+      return (exact);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for exact.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public CrosstabRequest withExact(Boolean exact)
+   {
+      this.exact = exact;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for rowField.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public String getRowField()
+   {
+      return (rowField);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for rowField.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public CrosstabRequest withRowField(String rowField)
+   {
+      this.rowField = rowField;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for columnField.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public String getColumnField()
+   {
+      return (columnField);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for columnField.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public CrosstabRequest withColumnField(String columnField)
+   {
+      this.columnField = columnField;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for limit.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public Integer getLimit()
+   {
+      return (limit);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for limit.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public CrosstabRequest withLimit(Integer limit)
+   {
+      this.limit = limit;
+      return (this);
+   }
+}

src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/result/CrosstabResult.java

@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+/*
+ * QQQ - Low-code Application Framework for Engineers.
+ * Copyright (C) 2021-2025.  Kingsrook, LLC
+ * 651 N Broad St Ste 205 # 6917 | Middletown DE 19709 | United States
+ * contact@kingsrook.com
+ * https://github.com/Kingsrook/
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.util.List;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonAutoDetect;
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ ** Typed CrosstabResult contract for comparison and relationship analysis.
+ *******************************************************************************/
+@JsonAutoDetect(fieldVisibility = JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.ANY, getterVisibility = JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.NONE, isGetterVisibility = JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.NONE)
+public class CrosstabResult implements Serializable
+{
+   private List<PivotHeader> rows = new java.util.ArrayList<>();
+   private List<PivotHeader> columns = new java.util.ArrayList<>();
+   private List<CrosstabCell> cells = new java.util.ArrayList<>();
+   private Significance significance;
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for rows.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public List<PivotHeader> getRows()
+   {
+      return (rows);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for rows.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public CrosstabResult withRows(List<PivotHeader> rows)
+   {
+      this.rows = rows;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for columns.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public List<PivotHeader> getColumns()
+   {
+      return (columns);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for columns.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public CrosstabResult withColumns(List<PivotHeader> columns)
+   {
+      this.columns = columns;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for cells.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public List<CrosstabCell> getCells()
+   {
+      return (cells);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for cells.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public CrosstabResult withCells(List<CrosstabCell> cells)
+   {
+      this.cells = cells;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for significance.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public Significance getSignificance()
+   {
+      return (significance);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for significance.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public CrosstabResult withSignificance(Significance significance)
+   {
+      this.significance = significance;
+      return (this);
+   }
+}

src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/result/DuplicatesRequest.java

@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ public class DuplicatesRequest implements AnalysisRequest
    private QQueryFilter filter;
    private Boolean exact = false;
    private List<String> fields;
+   private Integer limit = 50;
 
 
 
@@ -120,4 +121,21 @@ public class DuplicatesRequest implements AnalysisRequest
       this.fields = fields;
       return (this);
    }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Maximum duplicate groups requested.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public Integer getLimit()
+   {
+      return (limit);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent duplicate group limit.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public DuplicatesRequest withLimit(Integer limit)
+   {
+      this.limit = limit;
+      return (this);
+   }
 }

src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/result/FieldComparison.java

@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+/*
+ * QQQ - Low-code Application Framework for Engineers.
+ * Copyright (C) 2021-2025.  Kingsrook, LLC
+ * 651 N Broad St Ste 205 # 6917 | Middletown DE 19709 | United States
+ * contact@kingsrook.com
+ * https://github.com/Kingsrook/
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.util.List;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonAutoDetect;
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ ** Typed FieldComparison contract for comparison and relationship analysis.
+ *******************************************************************************/
+@JsonAutoDetect(fieldVisibility = JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.ANY, getterVisibility = JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.NONE, isGetterVisibility = JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.NONE)
+public class FieldComparison implements Serializable
+{
+   private String field;
+   private List<ComparisonValue> values = new java.util.ArrayList<>();
+   private Significance significance;
+   private Chart chart;
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for field.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public String getField()
+   {
+      return (field);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for field.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public FieldComparison withField(String field)
+   {
+      this.field = field;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for values.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public List<ComparisonValue> getValues()
+   {
+      return (values);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for values.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public FieldComparison withValues(List<ComparisonValue> values)
+   {
+      this.values = values;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for significance.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public Significance getSignificance()
+   {
+      return (significance);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for significance.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public FieldComparison withSignificance(Significance significance)
+   {
+      this.significance = significance;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for chart.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public Chart getChart()
+   {
+      return (chart);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for chart.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public FieldComparison withChart(Chart chart)
+   {
+      this.chart = chart;
+      return (this);
+   }
+}

src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/result/Metric.java

@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonAutoDetect;
 @JsonAutoDetect(fieldVisibility = JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.ANY)
 public class Metric implements Serializable
 {
+   private Boolean estimate = false;
    private String key;
    private String label;
    private Serializable value;
@@ -42,6 +43,23 @@ public class Metric implements Serializable
 
 
 
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Whether the metric describes a sampled estimate.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public Boolean getEstimate()
+   {
+      return (estimate);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Mark an estimated metric independently of the exact population row total.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public Metric withEstimate(Boolean estimate)
+   {
+      this.estimate = estimate;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
    /*******************************************************************************
     ** Getter for key.
     *******************************************************************************/

src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/result/PivotCell.java

@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+/*
+ * QQQ - Low-code Application Framework for Engineers.
+ * Copyright (C) 2021-2025.  Kingsrook, LLC
+ * 651 N Broad St Ste 205 # 6917 | Middletown DE 19709 | United States
+ * contact@kingsrook.com
+ * https://github.com/Kingsrook/
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonAutoDetect;
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ ** Typed PivotCell contract.
+ *******************************************************************************/
+@JsonAutoDetect(fieldVisibility = JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.ANY)
+public class PivotCell implements Serializable
+{
+   private Integer rowIndex;
+   private Integer columnIndex;
+   private List<Metric> values = new ArrayList<>();
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for rowIndex.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public Integer getRowIndex()
+   {
+      return (rowIndex);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for rowIndex.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public PivotCell withRowIndex(Integer rowIndex)
+   {
+      this.rowIndex = rowIndex;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for columnIndex.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public Integer getColumnIndex()
+   {
+      return (columnIndex);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for columnIndex.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public PivotCell withColumnIndex(Integer columnIndex)
+   {
+      this.columnIndex = columnIndex;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for values.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public List<Metric> getValues()
+   {
+      return (values);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for values.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public PivotCell withValues(List<Metric> values)
+   {
+      this.values = values;
+      return (this);
+   }
+}

src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/result/PivotDimension.java

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+/*
+ * QQQ - Low-code Application Framework for Engineers.
+ * Copyright (C) 2021-2025.  Kingsrook, LLC
+ * 651 N Broad St Ste 205 # 6917 | Middletown DE 19709 | United States
+ * contact@kingsrook.com
+ * https://github.com/Kingsrook/
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonAutoDetect;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.aggregate.DateBucketUnit;
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ ** Typed PivotDimension contract.
+ *******************************************************************************/
+@JsonAutoDetect(fieldVisibility = JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.ANY)
+public class PivotDimension implements Serializable
+{
+   private String field;
+   private DateBucketUnit dateBucket;
+   private PivotNumericBins numericBins;
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for field.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public String getField()
+   {
+      return (field);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for field.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public PivotDimension withField(String field)
+   {
+      this.field = field;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for dateBucket.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public DateBucketUnit getDateBucket()
+   {
+      return (dateBucket);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for dateBucket.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public PivotDimension withDateBucket(DateBucketUnit dateBucket)
+   {
+      this.dateBucket = dateBucket;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for numericBins.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public PivotNumericBins getNumericBins()
+   {
+      return (numericBins);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for numericBins.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public PivotDimension withNumericBins(PivotNumericBins numericBins)
+   {
+      this.numericBins = numericBins;
+      return (this);
+   }
+}

src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/result/PivotHeader.java

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+/*
+ * QQQ - Low-code Application Framework for Engineers.
+ * Copyright (C) 2021-2025.  Kingsrook, LLC
+ * 651 N Broad St Ste 205 # 6917 | Middletown DE 19709 | United States
+ * contact@kingsrook.com
+ * https://github.com/Kingsrook/
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonAutoDetect;
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ ** Typed PivotHeader contract.
+ *******************************************************************************/
+@JsonAutoDetect(fieldVisibility = JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.ANY)
+public class PivotHeader implements Serializable
+{
+   private Serializable value;
+   private String label;
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for value.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public Serializable getValue()
+   {
+      return (value);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for value.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public PivotHeader withValue(Serializable value)
+   {
+      this.value = value;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for label.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public String getLabel()
+   {
+      return (label);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for label.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public PivotHeader withLabel(String label)
+   {
+      this.label = label;
+      return (this);
+   }
+}

src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/result/PivotMeasure.java

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+/*
+ * QQQ - Low-code Application Framework for Engineers.
+ * Copyright (C) 2021-2025.  Kingsrook, LLC
+ * 651 N Broad St Ste 205 # 6917 | Middletown DE 19709 | United States
+ * contact@kingsrook.com
+ * https://github.com/Kingsrook/
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.math.BigDecimal;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonAutoDetect;
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ ** Typed PivotMeasure contract.
+ *******************************************************************************/
+@JsonAutoDetect(fieldVisibility = JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.ANY)
+public class PivotMeasure implements Serializable
+{
+   private Operator operator;
+   private String field;
+   private BigDecimal percentile;
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Supported pivot measures. COUNT counts records, regardless of field nulls.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public enum Operator
+   {
+      COUNT, SUM, AVG, MIN, MAX, COUNT_DISTINCT, PERCENTILE
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for operator.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public Operator getOperator()
+   {
+      return (operator);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for operator.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public PivotMeasure withOperator(Operator operator)
+   {
+      this.operator = operator;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for field.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public String getField()
+   {
+      return (field);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for field.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public PivotMeasure withField(String field)
+   {
+      this.field = field;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for percentile.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public BigDecimal getPercentile()
+   {
+      return (percentile);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for percentile.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public PivotMeasure withPercentile(BigDecimal percentile)
+   {
+      this.percentile = percentile;
+      return (this);
+   }
+}

src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/result/PivotMeasureInfo.java

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+/*
+ * QQQ - Low-code Application Framework for Engineers.
+ * Copyright (C) 2021-2025.  Kingsrook, LLC
+ * 651 N Broad St Ste 205 # 6917 | Middletown DE 19709 | United States
+ * contact@kingsrook.com
+ * https://github.com/Kingsrook/
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonAutoDetect;
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ ** Typed PivotMeasureInfo contract.
+ *******************************************************************************/
+@JsonAutoDetect(fieldVisibility = JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.ANY)
+public class PivotMeasureInfo implements Serializable
+{
+   private String key;
+   private String label;
+   private ValueType valueType;
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for key.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public String getKey()
+   {
+      return (key);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for key.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public PivotMeasureInfo withKey(String key)
+   {
+      this.key = key;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for label.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public String getLabel()
+   {
+      return (label);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for label.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public PivotMeasureInfo withLabel(String label)
+   {
+      this.label = label;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for valueType.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public ValueType getValueType()
+   {
+      return (valueType);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for valueType.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public PivotMeasureInfo withValueType(ValueType valueType)
+   {
+      this.valueType = valueType;
+      return (this);
+   }
+}

src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/result/PivotNumericBins.java

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+/*
+ * QQQ - Low-code Application Framework for Engineers.
+ * Copyright (C) 2021-2025.  Kingsrook, LLC
+ * 651 N Broad St Ste 205 # 6917 | Middletown DE 19709 | United States
+ * contact@kingsrook.com
+ * https://github.com/Kingsrook/
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.math.BigDecimal;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonAutoDetect;
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ ** Typed PivotNumericBins contract.
+ *******************************************************************************/
+@JsonAutoDetect(fieldVisibility = JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.ANY)
+public class PivotNumericBins implements Serializable
+{
+   private Integer count = 20;
+   private BigDecimal min;
+   private BigDecimal max;
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for count.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public Integer getCount()
+   {
+      return (count);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for count.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public PivotNumericBins withCount(Integer count)
+   {
+      this.count = count;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for min.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public BigDecimal getMin()
+   {
+      return (min);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for min.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public PivotNumericBins withMin(BigDecimal min)
+   {
+      this.min = min;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for max.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public BigDecimal getMax()
+   {
+      return (max);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for max.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public PivotNumericBins withMax(BigDecimal max)
+   {
+      this.max = max;
+      return (this);
+   }
+}

src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/result/PivotRequest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
+/*
+ * QQQ - Low-code Application Framework for Engineers.
+ * Copyright (C) 2021-2025.  Kingsrook, LLC
+ * 651 N Broad St Ste 205 # 6917 | Middletown DE 19709 | United States
+ * contact@kingsrook.com
+ * https://github.com/Kingsrook/
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonAutoDetect;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.query.QQueryFilter;
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ ** Typed PivotRequest contract.
+ *******************************************************************************/
+@JsonAutoDetect(fieldVisibility = JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.ANY)
+public class PivotRequest implements AnalysisRequest
+{
+   private String tableName;
+   private QQueryFilter filter;
+   private Boolean exact = true;
+   private List<PivotDimension> rows = new ArrayList<>();
+   private List<PivotDimension> columns = new ArrayList<>();
+   private List<PivotMeasure> values = new ArrayList<>();
+   private Boolean showTotals = true;
+   private Integer limitGroups = 50;
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for tableName.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   @Override
+   public String getTableName()
+   {
+      return (tableName);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for tableName.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public PivotRequest withTableName(String tableName)
+   {
+      this.tableName = tableName;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for filter.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   @Override
+   public QQueryFilter getFilter()
+   {
+      return (filter);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for filter.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public PivotRequest withFilter(QQueryFilter filter)
+   {
+      this.filter = filter;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for exact.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   @Override
+   public Boolean getExact()
+   {
+      return (exact);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for exact.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public PivotRequest withExact(Boolean exact)
+   {
+      this.exact = exact;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for rows.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public List<PivotDimension> getRows()
+   {
+      return (rows);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for rows.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public PivotRequest withRows(List<PivotDimension> rows)
+   {
+      this.rows = rows;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for columns.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public List<PivotDimension> getColumns()
+   {
+      return (columns);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for columns.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public PivotRequest withColumns(List<PivotDimension> columns)
+   {
+      this.columns = columns;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for values.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public List<PivotMeasure> getValues()
+   {
+      return (values);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for values.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public PivotRequest withValues(List<PivotMeasure> values)
+   {
+      this.values = values;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for showTotals.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public Boolean getShowTotals()
+   {
+      return (showTotals);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for showTotals.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public PivotRequest withShowTotals(Boolean showTotals)
+   {
+      this.showTotals = showTotals;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for limitGroups.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public Integer getLimitGroups()
+   {
+      return (limitGroups);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for limitGroups.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public PivotRequest withLimitGroups(Integer limitGroups)
+   {
+      this.limitGroups = limitGroups;
+      return (this);
+   }
+}

src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/result/PivotResult.java

@@ -0,0 +1,252 @@
+/*
+ * QQQ - Low-code Application Framework for Engineers.
+ * Copyright (C) 2021-2025.  Kingsrook, LLC
+ * 651 N Broad St Ste 205 # 6917 | Middletown DE 19709 | United States
+ * contact@kingsrook.com
+ * https://github.com/Kingsrook/
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.time.Instant;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonAutoDetect;
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ ** Typed PivotResult contract.
+ *******************************************************************************/
+@JsonAutoDetect(fieldVisibility = JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.ANY)
+public class PivotResult implements Serializable
+{
+   private List<List<PivotHeader>> rowHeaders = new ArrayList<>();
+   private List<List<PivotHeader>> columnHeaders = new ArrayList<>();
+   private List<PivotMeasureInfo> measures = new ArrayList<>();
+   private List<PivotCell> cells = new ArrayList<>();
+   private List<List<Metric>> rowTotals = new ArrayList<>();
+   private List<List<Metric>> columnTotals = new ArrayList<>();
+   private List<Metric> grandTotals = new ArrayList<>();
+   private Boolean truncatedRows = false;
+   private Boolean truncatedColumns = false;
+   private Boolean estimate = false;
+   private List<String> warnings = new ArrayList<>();
+   private Instant asOf;
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for rowHeaders.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public List<List<PivotHeader>> getRowHeaders()
+   {
+      return (rowHeaders);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for rowHeaders.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public PivotResult withRowHeaders(List<List<PivotHeader>> rowHeaders)
+   {
+      this.rowHeaders = rowHeaders;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for columnHeaders.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public List<List<PivotHeader>> getColumnHeaders()
+   {
+      return (columnHeaders);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for columnHeaders.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public PivotResult withColumnHeaders(List<List<PivotHeader>> columnHeaders)
+   {
+      this.columnHeaders = columnHeaders;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for measures.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public List<PivotMeasureInfo> getMeasures()
+   {
+      return (measures);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for measures.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public PivotResult withMeasures(List<PivotMeasureInfo> measures)
+   {
+      this.measures = measures;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for cells.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public List<PivotCell> getCells()
+   {
+      return (cells);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for cells.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public PivotResult withCells(List<PivotCell> cells)
+   {
+      this.cells = cells;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for rowTotals.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public List<List<Metric>> getRowTotals()
+   {
+      return (rowTotals);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for rowTotals.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public PivotResult withRowTotals(List<List<Metric>> rowTotals)
+   {
+      this.rowTotals = rowTotals;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for columnTotals.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public List<List<Metric>> getColumnTotals()
+   {
+      return (columnTotals);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for columnTotals.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public PivotResult withColumnTotals(List<List<Metric>> columnTotals)
+   {
+      this.columnTotals = columnTotals;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for grandTotals.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public List<Metric> getGrandTotals()
+   {
+      return (grandTotals);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for grandTotals.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public PivotResult withGrandTotals(List<Metric> grandTotals)
+   {
+      this.grandTotals = grandTotals;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for truncatedRows.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public Boolean getTruncatedRows()
+   {
+      return (truncatedRows);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for truncatedRows.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public PivotResult withTruncatedRows(Boolean truncatedRows)
+   {
+      this.truncatedRows = truncatedRows;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for truncatedColumns.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public Boolean getTruncatedColumns()
+   {
+      return (truncatedColumns);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for truncatedColumns.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public PivotResult withTruncatedColumns(Boolean truncatedColumns)
+   {
+      this.truncatedColumns = truncatedColumns;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for estimate.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public Boolean getEstimate()
+   {
+      return (estimate);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for estimate.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public PivotResult withEstimate(Boolean estimate)
+   {
+      this.estimate = estimate;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for warnings.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public List<String> getWarnings()
+   {
+      return (warnings);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for warnings.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public PivotResult withWarnings(List<String> warnings)
+   {
+      this.warnings = warnings;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for asOf.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public Instant getAsOf()
+   {
+      return (asOf);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for asOf.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public PivotResult withAsOf(Instant asOf)
+   {
+      this.asOf = asOf;
+      return (this);
+   }
+}

src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/result/ScatterRequest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+/*
+ * QQQ - Low-code Application Framework for Engineers.
+ * Copyright (C) 2021-2025.  Kingsrook, LLC
+ * 651 N Broad St Ste 205 # 6917 | Middletown DE 19709 | United States
+ * contact@kingsrook.com
+ * https://github.com/Kingsrook/
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonAutoDetect;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.query.QQueryFilter;
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ ** Typed ScatterRequest contract for comparison and relationship analysis.
+ *******************************************************************************/
+@JsonAutoDetect(fieldVisibility = JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.ANY, getterVisibility = JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.NONE, isGetterVisibility = JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.NONE)
+public class ScatterRequest implements AnalysisRequest
+{
+   private String tableName;
+   private QQueryFilter filter;
+   private Boolean exact = true;
+   private String xField;
+   private String yField;
+   private Integer limit = 2000;
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for tableName.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   @Override
+   public String getTableName()
+   {
+      return (tableName);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for tableName.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public ScatterRequest withTableName(String tableName)
+   {
+      this.tableName = tableName;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for filter.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   @Override
+   public QQueryFilter getFilter()
+   {
+      return (filter);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for filter.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public ScatterRequest withFilter(QQueryFilter filter)
+   {
+      this.filter = filter;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for exact.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   @Override
+   public Boolean getExact()
+   {
+      return (exact);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for exact.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public ScatterRequest withExact(Boolean exact)
+   {
+      this.exact = exact;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for xField.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public String getXField()
+   {
+      return (xField);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for xField.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public ScatterRequest withXField(String xField)
+   {
+      this.xField = xField;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for yField.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public String getYField()
+   {
+      return (yField);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for yField.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public ScatterRequest withYField(String yField)
+   {
+      this.yField = yField;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for limit.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public Integer getLimit()
+   {
+      return (limit);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for limit.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public ScatterRequest withLimit(Integer limit)
+   {
+      this.limit = limit;
+      return (this);
+   }
+}

src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/result/ScatterResult.java

@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+/*
+ * QQQ - Low-code Application Framework for Engineers.
+ * Copyright (C) 2021-2025.  Kingsrook, LLC
+ * 651 N Broad St Ste 205 # 6917 | Middletown DE 19709 | United States
+ * contact@kingsrook.com
+ * https://github.com/Kingsrook/
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.util.List;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonAutoDetect;
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ ** Typed ScatterResult contract for comparison and relationship analysis.
+ *******************************************************************************/
+@JsonAutoDetect(fieldVisibility = JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.ANY, getterVisibility = JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.NONE, isGetterVisibility = JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.NONE)
+public class ScatterResult implements Serializable
+{
+   private Long n;
+   private Integer sampleSize;
+   private String sampling;
+   private List<Point> points = new java.util.ArrayList<>();
+   private TrendLine trend;
+   private Chart chart;
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for n.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public Long getN()
+   {
+      return (n);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for n.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public ScatterResult withN(Long n)
+   {
+      this.n = n;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for sampleSize.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public Integer getSampleSize()
+   {
+      return (sampleSize);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for sampleSize.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public ScatterResult withSampleSize(Integer sampleSize)
+   {
+      this.sampleSize = sampleSize;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for sampling.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public String getSampling()
+   {
+      return (sampling);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for sampling.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public ScatterResult withSampling(String sampling)
+   {
+      this.sampling = sampling;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for points.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public List<Point> getPoints()
+   {
+      return (points);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for points.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public ScatterResult withPoints(List<Point> points)
+   {
+      this.points = points;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for trend.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public TrendLine getTrend()
+   {
+      return (trend);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for trend.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public ScatterResult withTrend(TrendLine trend)
+   {
+      this.trend = trend;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for chart.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public Chart getChart()
+   {
+      return (chart);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for chart.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public ScatterResult withChart(Chart chart)
+   {
+      this.chart = chart;
+      return (this);
+   }
+}

src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/result/ShiftBucket.java

@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+/*
+ * QQQ - Low-code Application Framework for Engineers.
+ * Copyright (C) 2021-2025.  Kingsrook, LLC
+ * 651 N Broad St Ste 205 # 6917 | Middletown DE 19709 | United States
+ * contact@kingsrook.com
+ * https://github.com/Kingsrook/
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.util.List;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonAutoDetect;
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ ** Typed ShiftBucket contract for comparison and relationship analysis.
+ *******************************************************************************/
+@JsonAutoDetect(fieldVisibility = JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.ANY, getterVisibility = JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.NONE, isGetterVisibility = JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.NONE)
+public class ShiftBucket implements Serializable
+{
+   private Serializable value;
+   private String label;
+   private Boolean complete = false;
+   private List<Metric> metrics = new java.util.ArrayList<>();
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for value.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public Serializable getValue()
+   {
+      return (value);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for value.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public ShiftBucket withValue(Serializable value)
+   {
+      this.value = value;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for label.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public String getLabel()
+   {
+      return (label);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for label.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public ShiftBucket withLabel(String label)
+   {
+      this.label = label;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for complete.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public Boolean getComplete()
+   {
+      return (complete);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for complete.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public ShiftBucket withComplete(Boolean complete)
+   {
+      this.complete = complete;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for metrics.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public List<Metric> getMetrics()
+   {
+      return (metrics);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for metrics.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public ShiftBucket withMetrics(List<Metric> metrics)
+   {
+      this.metrics = metrics;
+      return (this);
+   }
+}

src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/result/ShiftRequest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+/*
+ * QQQ - Low-code Application Framework for Engineers.
+ * Copyright (C) 2021-2025.  Kingsrook, LLC
+ * 651 N Broad St Ste 205 # 6917 | Middletown DE 19709 | United States
+ * contact@kingsrook.com
+ * https://github.com/Kingsrook/
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonAutoDetect;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.query.QQueryFilter;
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ ** Typed ShiftRequest contract for comparison and relationship analysis.
+ *******************************************************************************/
+@JsonAutoDetect(fieldVisibility = JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.ANY, getterVisibility = JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.NONE, isGetterVisibility = JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.NONE)
+public class ShiftRequest implements AnalysisRequest
+{
+   private String tableName;
+   private QQueryFilter filter;
+   private Boolean exact = true;
+   private String field;
+   private String dateField;
+   private String bucket = "MONTH";
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for tableName.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   @Override
+   public String getTableName()
+   {
+      return (tableName);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for tableName.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public ShiftRequest withTableName(String tableName)
+   {
+      this.tableName = tableName;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for filter.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   @Override
+   public QQueryFilter getFilter()
+   {
+      return (filter);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for filter.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public ShiftRequest withFilter(QQueryFilter filter)
+   {
+      this.filter = filter;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for exact.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   @Override
+   public Boolean getExact()
+   {
+      return (exact);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for exact.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public ShiftRequest withExact(Boolean exact)
+   {
+      this.exact = exact;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for field.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public String getField()
+   {
+      return (field);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for field.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public ShiftRequest withField(String field)
+   {
+      this.field = field;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for dateField.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public String getDateField()
+   {
+      return (dateField);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for dateField.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public ShiftRequest withDateField(String dateField)
+   {
+      this.dateField = dateField;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for bucket.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public String getBucket()
+   {
+      return (bucket);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for bucket.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public ShiftRequest withBucket(String bucket)
+   {
+      this.bucket = bucket;
+      return (this);
+   }
+}

src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/result/ShiftResult.java

@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+/*
+ * QQQ - Low-code Application Framework for Engineers.
+ * Copyright (C) 2021-2025.  Kingsrook, LLC
+ * 651 N Broad St Ste 205 # 6917 | Middletown DE 19709 | United States
+ * contact@kingsrook.com
+ * https://github.com/Kingsrook/
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.util.List;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonAutoDetect;
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ ** Typed ShiftResult contract for comparison and relationship analysis.
+ *******************************************************************************/
+@JsonAutoDetect(fieldVisibility = JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.ANY, getterVisibility = JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.NONE, isGetterVisibility = JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.NONE)
+public class ShiftResult implements Serializable
+{
+   private List<ShiftBucket> buckets = new java.util.ArrayList<>();
+   private Metric psi;
+   private String sentence;
+   private Chart chart;
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for buckets.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public List<ShiftBucket> getBuckets()
+   {
+      return (buckets);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for buckets.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public ShiftResult withBuckets(List<ShiftBucket> buckets)
+   {
+      this.buckets = buckets;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for psi.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public Metric getPsi()
+   {
+      return (psi);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for psi.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public ShiftResult withPsi(Metric psi)
+   {
+      this.psi = psi;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for sentence.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public String getSentence()
+   {
+      return (sentence);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for sentence.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public ShiftResult withSentence(String sentence)
+   {
+      this.sentence = sentence;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for chart.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public Chart getChart()
+   {
+      return (chart);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for chart.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public ShiftResult withChart(Chart chart)
+   {
+      this.chart = chart;
+      return (this);
+   }
+}

src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/result/Significance.java

@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+/*
+ * QQQ - Low-code Application Framework for Engineers.
+ * Copyright (C) 2021-2025.  Kingsrook, LLC
+ * 651 N Broad St Ste 205 # 6917 | Middletown DE 19709 | United States
+ * contact@kingsrook.com
+ * https://github.com/Kingsrook/
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonAutoDetect;
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ ** Typed Significance contract for comparison and relationship analysis.
+ *******************************************************************************/
+@JsonAutoDetect(fieldVisibility = JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.ANY, getterVisibility = JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.NONE, isGetterVisibility = JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.NONE)
+public class Significance implements Serializable
+{
+   private String test;
+   private Double statistic;
+   private Double df;
+   private Double pValue;
+   private Boolean applicable = false;
+   private String sentence;
+   private Double cramersV;
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for test.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public String getTest()
+   {
+      return (test);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for test.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public Significance withTest(String test)
+   {
+      this.test = test;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for statistic.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public Double getStatistic()
+   {
+      return (statistic);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for statistic.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public Significance withStatistic(Double statistic)
+   {
+      this.statistic = statistic;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for df.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public Double getDf()
+   {
+      return (df);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for df.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public Significance withDf(Double df)
+   {
+      this.df = df;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for pValue.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public Double getPValue()
+   {
+      return (pValue);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for pValue.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public Significance withPValue(Double pValue)
+   {
+      this.pValue = pValue;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for applicable.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public Boolean getApplicable()
+   {
+      return (applicable);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for applicable.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public Significance withApplicable(Boolean applicable)
+   {
+      this.applicable = applicable;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for sentence.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public String getSentence()
+   {
+      return (sentence);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for sentence.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public Significance withSentence(String sentence)
+   {
+      this.sentence = sentence;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for cramersV.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public Double getCramersV()
+   {
+      return (cramersV);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for cramersV.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public Significance withCramersV(Double cramersV)
+   {
+      this.cramersV = cramersV;
+      return (this);
+   }
+}

src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/result/TrendLine.java

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+/*
+ * QQQ - Low-code Application Framework for Engineers.
+ * Copyright (C) 2021-2025.  Kingsrook, LLC
+ * 651 N Broad St Ste 205 # 6917 | Middletown DE 19709 | United States
+ * contact@kingsrook.com
+ * https://github.com/Kingsrook/
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonAutoDetect;
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ ** Typed TrendLine contract for comparison and relationship analysis.
+ *******************************************************************************/
+@JsonAutoDetect(fieldVisibility = JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.ANY, getterVisibility = JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.NONE, isGetterVisibility = JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.NONE)
+public class TrendLine implements Serializable
+{
+   private Double slope;
+   private Double intercept;
+   private Double r;
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for slope.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public Double getSlope()
+   {
+      return (slope);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for slope.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public TrendLine withSlope(Double slope)
+   {
+      this.slope = slope;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for intercept.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public Double getIntercept()
+   {
+      return (intercept);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for intercept.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public TrendLine withIntercept(Double intercept)
+   {
+      this.intercept = intercept;
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Getter for r.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public Double getR()
+   {
+      return (r);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fluent setter for r.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public TrendLine withR(Double r)
+   {
+      this.r = r;
+      return (this);
+   }
+}

src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/run/AnalysisRunService.java

@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ public class AnalysisRunService
       AnalysisBackend.Scope scope = backend.scope(request.getTableName(), request.getFilter(), Boolean.TRUE.equals(request.getExact()));
       if(scope.estimate())
       {
-         return (service.compute(request, backend, scope).withDataVersion(DataVersion.of(backend, request.getTableName(), request.getFilter())));
+         return (service.compute(request, backend, scope).withDataVersion(DataVersion.of(service.backend(request.getTableName()), request.getTableName(), request.getFilter())));
       }
       return (exact(request).getColumnProfile());
    }
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ public class AnalysisRunService
       AnalysisBackend.Scope scope = backend.scope(request.getTableName(), request.getFilter(), Boolean.TRUE.equals(request.getExact()));
       if(scope.estimate())
       {
-         return (service.compute(request, backend, scope).withDataVersion(DataVersion.of(backend, request.getTableName(), request.getFilter())));
+         return (service.compute(request, backend, scope).withDataVersion(DataVersion.of(service.backend(request.getTableName()), request.getTableName(), request.getFilter())));
       }
       return (exact(request).getTableProfile());
    }
@@ -441,7 +441,8 @@ public class AnalysisRunService
       identity.put("zone", ValueUtils.getSessionOrInstanceZoneId().getId());
       identity.put("config", service.getConfigResolver().resolve(request.getTableName()));
       identity.put("fields", service.capabilities(request.getTableName()).getFields().stream().sorted().toList());
-      identity.put("policy", com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.engine.AnalysisLabels.policy(request.getTableName()));
+      identity.put("fieldAccess", digest(service.fieldAccessFingerprint(request.getTableName())));
+      identity.put("policy", service.fieldAccessPolicy(request.getTableName()));
       identity.put("backendVariants", QContext.getQSession().getBackendVariants());
       try
       {

src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/stats/SpecialFunctions.java

@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+/*
+ * QQQ - Low-code Application Framework for Engineers.
+ * Copyright (C) 2021-2025.  Kingsrook, LLC
+ * 651 N Broad St Ste 205 # 6917 | Middletown DE 19709 | United States
+ * contact@kingsrook.com
+ * https://github.com/Kingsrook/
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.stats;
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ ** Regularized beta and gamma using convergent series and continued fractions.
+ ** Lanczos log-gamma keeps products in log space; tails are evaluated directly.
+ *******************************************************************************/
+public final class SpecialFunctions
+{
+   private static final double EPSILON = 1e-14;
+   private static final double TINY = 1e-300;
+   private static final int ITERATIONS = 10000;
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Utility class.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   private SpecialFunctions()
+   {
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Student t cumulative distribution, with symmetry around zero.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public static double studentTCdf(double t, double df)
+   {
+      double tail = beta(df / (df + t * t), df / 2, 0.5) / 2;
+      return (t < 0 ? tail : 1 - tail);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Chi-square CDF; significance tests use gammaQ directly to retain tiny tails.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public static double chiSquareCdf(double x, double df)
+   {
+      return (1 - gammaQ(df / 2, x / 2));
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Lanczos approximation, reflected below one half.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public static double logGamma(double z)
+   {
+      double[] coefficients = {676.5203681218851, -1259.1392167224028, 771.3234287776531, -176.6150291621406,
+         12.507343278686905, -0.13857109526572012, 9.984369578019572e-6, 1.5056327351493116e-7};
+      if(z < 0.5)
+      {
+         return (Math.log(Math.PI) - Math.log(Math.sin(Math.PI * z)) - logGamma(1 - z));
+      }
+      double x = 0.99999999999980993;
+      for(int i = 0; i < coefficients.length; i++)
+      {
+         x += coefficients[i] / (z + i);
+      }
+      double t = z + 6.5;
+      return (0.5 * Math.log(2 * Math.PI) + (z - 0.5) * Math.log(t) - t + Math.log(x));
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Regularized incomplete beta I_x(a,b), with symmetry for stable tails.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public static double beta(double x, double a, double b)
+   {
+      if(x <= 0 || x >= 1)
+      {
+         return (x <= 0 ? 0 : 1);
+      }
+      double factor = Math.exp(logGamma(a + b) - logGamma(a) - logGamma(b) + a * Math.log(x) + b * Math.log1p(-x));
+      return (clamp(x < (a + 1) / (a + b + 2) ? factor * betaFraction(x, a, b) / a : 1 - factor * betaFraction(1 - x, b, a) / b));
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Modified Lentz evaluation of the incomplete beta continued fraction.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   private static double betaFraction(double x, double a, double b)
+   {
+      double c = 1;
+      double d = 1 / nonzero(1 - (a + b) * x / (a + 1));
+      double h = d;
+      for(int m = 1; m <= ITERATIONS; m++)
+      {
+         double aa = m * (b - m) * x / ((a + 2 * m - 1) * (a + 2 * m));
+         d = 1 / nonzero(1 + aa * d);
+         c = nonzero(1 + aa / c);
+         h *= d * c;
+         aa = -(a + m) * (a + b + m) * x / ((a + 2 * m) * (a + 2 * m + 1));
+         d = 1 / nonzero(1 + aa * d);
+         c = nonzero(1 + aa / c);
+         double delta = d * c;
+         h *= delta;
+         if(Math.abs(delta - 1) < EPSILON)
+         {
+            return (h);
+         }
+      }
+      throw new ArithmeticException("Incomplete beta did not converge");
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Upper regularized gamma Q(a,x), the chi-square survival probability.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public static double gammaQ(double a, double x)
+   {
+      if(x <= 0)
+      {
+         return (1);
+      }
+      double factor = Math.exp(-x + a * Math.log(x) - logGamma(a));
+      if(x < a + 1)
+      {
+         double term = 1 / a;
+         double sum = term;
+         for(int n = 1; n <= ITERATIONS; n++)
+         {
+            term *= x / (a + n);
+            sum += term;
+            if(Math.abs(term) < Math.abs(sum) * EPSILON)
+            {
+               return (clamp(1 - sum * factor));
+            }
+         }
+      }
+      else
+      {
+         double b = x + 1 - a;
+         double c = 1 / TINY;
+         double d = 1 / nonzero(b);
+         double h = d;
+         for(int n = 1; n <= ITERATIONS; n++)
+         {
+            double an = -n * (n - a);
+            b += 2;
+            d = 1 / nonzero(an * d + b);
+            c = nonzero(b + an / c);
+            double delta = d * c;
+            h *= delta;
+            if(Math.abs(delta - 1) < EPSILON)
+            {
+               return (clamp(factor * h));
+            }
+         }
+      }
+      throw new ArithmeticException("Incomplete gamma did not converge");
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Avoid divisions by zero without changing the sign of a fraction term.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   private static double nonzero(double value)
+   {
+      return (Math.abs(value) < TINY ? Math.copySign(TINY, value) : value);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Roundoff cannot create a probability outside its domain.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   private static double clamp(double value)
+   {
+      return (Math.max(0, Math.min(1, value)));
+   }
+}

src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/stats/Statistics.java

@@ -0,0 +1,286 @@
+/*
+ * QQQ - Low-code Application Framework for Engineers.
+ * Copyright (C) 2021-2025.  Kingsrook, LLC
+ * 651 N Broad St Ste 205 # 6917 | Middletown DE 19709 | United States
+ * contact@kingsrook.com
+ * https://github.com/Kingsrook/
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.stats;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Locale;
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ ** Dependency-free statistical tests. All tests use two-sided 5% significance.
+ *******************************************************************************/
+public final class Statistics
+{
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Non-applicable results never contain NaN, infinity or an invented p-value.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public record Result(String test, Double statistic, Double df, Double pValue, boolean applicable, String sentence, Double cramersV)
+   {
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Utility class.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   private Statistics()
+   {
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Explain failed assumptions without claiming a negative test result.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public static Result unavailable(String test, String reason)
+   {
+      return (new Result(test, null, null, null, false, "Not applicable: " + reason, null));
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** The strict comparison deliberately excludes p equal to 0.05.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public static String sentence(double p)
+   {
+      String formatted = p < 0.001 ? String.format(Locale.ROOT, "%.3g", p)
+         : java.math.BigDecimal.valueOf(p).setScale(p < 0.01 ? 3 : 2, java.math.RoundingMode.HALF_UP).stripTrailingZeros().toPlainString();
+      return ((p < 0.05 ? "A and B differ" : "No significant difference") + " (p = " + formatted + ")");
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Pooled standard error under equal proportions; require expected counts >= 5.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public static Result proportions(long successesA, long nA, long successesB, long nB)
+   {
+      String test = "Two-proportion z-test";
+      if(nA < 2 || nB < 2)
+      {
+         return (unavailable(test, "too few records"));
+      }
+      if(successesA < 0 || successesB < 0 || successesA > nA || successesB > nB)
+      {
+         return (unavailable(test, "invalid counts"));
+      }
+      double pooled = ((double) successesA + successesB) / ((double) nA + nB);
+      if(Math.min(Math.min(nA * pooled, nA * (1 - pooled)), Math.min(nB * pooled, nB * (1 - pooled))) < 5)
+      {
+         return (unavailable(test, "expected counts below 5"));
+      }
+      double z = ((double) successesA / nA - (double) successesB / nB) / Math.sqrt(pooled * (1 - pooled) * (1.0 / nA + 1.0 / nB));
+      double p = SpecialFunctions.gammaQ(0.5, z * z / 2);
+      return (new Result(test, z, null, p, true, sentence(p), null));
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Welch-Satterthwaite degrees of freedom from sample (ddof=1) variances.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public static Result welch(long nA, double meanA, double varianceA, long nB, double meanB, double varianceB)
+   {
+      String test = "Welch's t-test";
+      if(nA < 2 || nB < 2)
+      {
+         return (unavailable(test, "too few records"));
+      }
+      if(!Double.isFinite(meanA) || !Double.isFinite(meanB) || !Double.isFinite(varianceA) || !Double.isFinite(varianceB) || varianceA < 0 || varianceB < 0)
+      {
+         return (unavailable(test, "invalid numeric summary"));
+      }
+      double a = varianceA / nA;
+      double b = varianceB / nB;
+      if(a + b == 0)
+      {
+         return (unavailable(test, "both groups have zero variance"));
+      }
+      double t = (meanA - meanB) / Math.sqrt(a + b);
+      double df = (a + b) * (a + b) / (a * a / (nA - 1) + b * b / (nB - 1));
+      double p = SpecialFunctions.beta(df / (df + t * t), df / 2, 0.5);
+      return (new Result(test, t, df, p, true, sentence(p), null));
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Pearson chi-square without Yates correction; low expected categories pool
+    ** into Other. Homogeneity preserves sample rows; independence pools both axes.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public static Result chiSquare(double[][] observed, boolean homogeneity)
+   {
+      String test = homogeneity ? "Chi-square homogeneity" : "Chi-square independence";
+      if(observed == null || observed.length < 2 || observed[0] == null || observed[0].length < 2)
+      {
+         return (unavailable(test, "a table of at least 2 by 2 is required"));
+      }
+      int columns = observed[0].length;
+      for(double[] row : observed)
+      {
+         if(row == null || row.length != columns || Arrays.stream(row).anyMatch(v -> !Double.isFinite(v) || v < 0))
+         {
+            return (unavailable(test, "invalid counts"));
+         }
+         if(Arrays.stream(row).sum() < 2)
+         {
+            return (unavailable(test, "too few records"));
+         }
+      }
+      double[][] table = poolColumns(observed);
+      if(!homogeneity)
+      {
+         table = transpose(poolColumns(transpose(table)));
+         double[][] rowFirst = poolColumns(transpose(poolColumns(transpose(observed))));
+         if(validExpected(rowFirst) && (!validExpected(table) || rowFirst.length * rowFirst[0].length > table.length * table[0].length))
+         {
+            table = rowFirst;
+         }
+      }
+      if(table.length < 2 || table[0].length < 2)
+      {
+         return (unavailable(test, "too few categories after merging expected counts below 5 into Other"));
+      }
+      double[] rows = Arrays.stream(table).mapToDouble(r -> Arrays.stream(r).sum()).toArray();
+      double[] cols = Arrays.stream(transpose(table)).mapToDouble(r -> Arrays.stream(r).sum()).toArray();
+      double total = Arrays.stream(rows).sum();
+      double statistic = 0;
+      for(int i = 0; i < rows.length; i++)
+      {
+         for(int j = 0; j < cols.length; j++)
+         {
+            double expected = rows[i] * cols[j] / total;
+            if(expected < 5)
+            {
+               return (unavailable(test, "expected counts below 5 after merging into Other"));
+            }
+            statistic += Math.pow(table[i][j] - expected, 2) / expected;
+         }
+      }
+      double df = (rows.length - 1.0) * (cols.length - 1.0);
+      double p = SpecialFunctions.gammaQ(df / 2, statistic / 2);
+      double v = Math.sqrt(statistic / (total * Math.min(rows.length - 1, cols.length - 1)));
+      return (new Result(test, statistic, df, p, true, sentence(p), v));
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Rare rows must not force every column into Other when row pooling alone
+    ** would suffice. Prefer the valid pooling order retaining more categories.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   private static boolean validExpected(double[][] table)
+   {
+      double[] rows = Arrays.stream(table).mapToDouble(r -> Arrays.stream(r).sum()).toArray();
+      double[] columns = Arrays.stream(transpose(table)).mapToDouble(r -> Arrays.stream(r).sum()).toArray();
+      return (rows.length >= 2 && columns.length >= 2
+         && Arrays.stream(rows).min().orElse(0) * Arrays.stream(columns).min().orElse(0) / Arrays.stream(rows).sum() >= 5);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Pool all categories with any expected count below five into one final column.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   private static double[][] poolColumns(double[][] table)
+   {
+      double[] rows = Arrays.stream(table).mapToDouble(r -> Arrays.stream(r).sum()).toArray();
+      double total = Arrays.stream(rows).sum();
+      List<Integer> kept = new ArrayList<>();
+      List<Integer> other = new ArrayList<>();
+      for(int j = 0; j < table[0].length; j++)
+      {
+         double sum = 0;
+         for(double[] row : table)
+         {
+            sum += row[j];
+         }
+         double column = sum;
+         (Arrays.stream(rows).anyMatch(r -> r * column / total < 5) ? other : kept).add(j);
+      }
+      double[][] result = new double[rows.length][kept.size() + (other.isEmpty() ? 0 : 1)];
+      for(int i = 0; i < rows.length; i++)
+      {
+         for(int j = 0; j < kept.size(); j++)
+         {
+            result[i][j] = table[i][kept.get(j)];
+         }
+         for(int j : other)
+         {
+            result[i][kept.size()] += table[i][j];
+         }
+      }
+      return (result);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Transposition lets independence apply the same pooling rule to both axes.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   private static double[][] transpose(double[][] input)
+   {
+      double[][] result = new double[input[0].length][input.length];
+      for(int i = 0; i < input.length; i++)
+      {
+         for(int j = 0; j < input[i].length; j++)
+         {
+            result[j][i] = input[i][j];
+         }
+      }
+      return (result);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Normalize counts to shares; floor zero shares at 1e-6 for finite PSI.
+    ** This descriptive index is not a p-value or a significance test.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public static Double psi(double[] first, double[] last)
+   {
+      if(first == null || last == null || first.length == 0 || first.length != last.length
+         || Arrays.stream(first).anyMatch(v -> !Double.isFinite(v) || v < 0) || Arrays.stream(last).anyMatch(v -> !Double.isFinite(v) || v < 0))
+      {
+         return (null);
+      }
+      double a = Arrays.stream(first).sum();
+      double b = Arrays.stream(last).sum();
+      if(a <= 0 || b <= 0)
+      {
+         return (null);
+      }
+      double result = 0;
+      for(int i = 0; i < first.length; i++)
+      {
+         double x = Math.max(1e-6, first[i] / a);
+         double y = Math.max(1e-6, last[i] / b);
+         result += (y - x) * Math.log(y / x);
+      }
+      return (result);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Centered covariance avoids cancellation for large offsets; null on constants.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public static Double pearson(double[] x, double[] y)
+   {
+      if(x == null || y == null || x.length < 2 || x.length != y.length
+         || Arrays.stream(x).anyMatch(v -> !Double.isFinite(v)) || Arrays.stream(y).anyMatch(v -> !Double.isFinite(v)))
+      {
+         return (null);
+      }
+      double meanX = Arrays.stream(x).average().orElseThrow();
+      double meanY = Arrays.stream(y).average().orElseThrow();
+      double xx = 0;
+      double yy = 0;
+      double xy = 0;
+      for(int i = 0; i < x.length; i++)
+      {
+         xx += (x[i] - meanX) * (x[i] - meanX);
+         yy += (y[i] - meanY) * (y[i] - meanY);
+         xy += (x[i] - meanX) * (y[i] - meanY);
+      }
+      return (xx == 0 || yy == 0 ? null : Math.max(-1, Math.min(1, xy / Math.sqrt(xx * yy))));
+   }
+}

src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/watch/WatchBucket.java

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+/*
+ * QQQ - Low-code Application Framework for Engineers.
+ * Copyright (C) 2021-2025.  Kingsrook, LLC
+ * 651 N Broad St Ste 205 # 6917 | Middletown DE 19709 | United States
+ * contact@kingsrook.com
+ * https://github.com/Kingsrook/
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.watch;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.util.Set;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.Drill;
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ ** One complete calendar bucket, ordered oldest first for detector input.
+ *******************************************************************************/
+public record WatchBucket(Serializable start, Double value, Set<String> categories, Drill drill)
+{
+}

src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/watch/WatchCustomizer.java

@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+/*
+ * QQQ - Low-code Application Framework for Engineers.
+ * Copyright (C) 2021-2025.  Kingsrook, LLC
+ * 651 N Broad St Ste 205 # 6917 | Middletown DE 19709 | United States
+ * contact@kingsrook.com
+ * https://github.com/Kingsrook/
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.watch;
+
+import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Optional;
+import java.util.Set;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.model.DataAnalysisTables;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.permissions.DataAnalysisPermissions;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.actions.customizers.TableCustomizerInterface;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.context.QContext;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.exceptions.QException;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.insert.InsertInput;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.update.UpdateInput;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.data.QRecord;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.statusmessages.BadInputStatusMessage;
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ ** Validate standard table CRUD, including partial updates and owner changes.
+ *******************************************************************************/
+public class WatchCustomizer implements TableCustomizerInterface
+{
+   private static final Set<String> CONFIGURATION = Set.of("saved_id", "table_name", "filter_json", "metric_json", "date_field", "bucket",
+      "detector", "parameters_json", "severity", "owner_user_id", "enabled");
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Validate every inserted watch, including disabled drafts.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   @Override
+   public List<QRecord> preInsert(InsertInput input, List<QRecord> records, boolean preview) throws QException
+   {
+      for(QRecord record : records)
+      {
+         validate(record, record);
+      }
+      return (records);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Merge partial patches with the stored row before checking detector parameters.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   @Override
+   public List<QRecord> preUpdate(UpdateInput input, List<QRecord> records, boolean preview, Optional<List<QRecord>> oldRecords) throws QException
+   {
+      for(QRecord record : records)
+      {
+         if(record.getValues().keySet().stream().noneMatch(CONFIGURATION::contains))
+         {
+            continue;
+         }
+         QRecord old = WatchRecords.get(DataAnalysisTables.WATCH, record.getValue("id"));
+         QRecord merged = new QRecord(old);
+         merged.getValues().putAll(record.getValues());
+         validate(record, merged);
+      }
+      return (records);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Record-level messages are shown by normal core insert/update screens.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   private void validate(QRecord output, QRecord merged)
+   {
+      try
+      {
+         String owner = merged.getValueString("owner_user_id");
+         var session = QContext.getQSession();
+         WatchDefinition.require(owner != null && !owner.isBlank(), "owner_user_id is required.");
+         WatchDefinition.require(session != null && (session.hasPermission(DataAnalysisPermissions.ADMIN)
+            || session.getUser() != null && owner.equals(session.getUser().getIdReference())), "Only an administrator may assign another watch owner.");
+         WatchDefinition.parse(WatchRecords.resolve(merged));
+      }
+      catch(QException e)
+      {
+         output.addError(new BadInputStatusMessage(e.getMessage()));
+      }
+   }
+}

src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/watch/WatchDefinition.java

@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+/*
+ * QQQ - Low-code Application Framework for Engineers.
+ * Copyright (C) 2021-2025.  Kingsrook, LLC
+ * 651 N Broad St Ste 205 # 6917 | Middletown DE 19709 | United States
+ * contact@kingsrook.com
+ * https://github.com/Kingsrook/
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.watch;
+
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.alerts.AlertSeverity;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.exceptions.QBadRequestException;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.data.QRecord;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.utils.JsonUtils;
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ ** Validated watch configuration; JSON accepts only documented, typed parameters.
+ *******************************************************************************/
+public record WatchDefinition(String detector, String metric, String field, String dateField, String bucket,
+   Integer k, Double threshold, Double relativeChange, Double min, Double max, Double delta, Integer n)
+{
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Parse a definition after resolving an optional saved analysis.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public static WatchDefinition parse(QRecord row) throws QBadRequestException
+   {
+      String detector = row.getValueString("detector");
+      require(List.of("SPIKE", "DROP", "OUT_OF_RANGE", "NEW_CATEGORY", "NULL_RATE_CREEP").contains(detector == null ? "" : detector), "Choose a supported detector.");
+      Map<String, Object> metric = object(row.getValueString("metric_json"), "metric_json");
+      require(metric.keySet().stream().allMatch(Set.of("operator", "field")::contains), "metric_json accepts operator and field only.");
+      String operator = string(metric.get("operator"));
+      String field = string(metric.get("field"));
+      require(List.of("COUNT", "SUM", "AVG", "NULL_SHARE", "CATEGORY_SET").contains(operator == null ? "" : operator), "Metric operator must be COUNT, SUM, AVG, NULL_SHARE or CATEGORY_SET.");
+      require("COUNT".equals(operator) || field != null && !field.isBlank(), "This metric requires a field.");
+      require("NEW_CATEGORY".equals(detector) == "CATEGORY_SET".equals(operator), "NEW_CATEGORY requires CATEGORY_SET; other detectors require a numeric metric.");
+      require(!"NULL_RATE_CREEP".equals(detector) || "NULL_SHARE".equals(operator), "NULL_RATE_CREEP requires NULL_SHARE.");
+      String date = row.getValueString("date_field");
+      String bucket = row.getValueString("bucket");
+      require(date != null && !date.isBlank(), "Choose a date field.");
+      require(List.of("HOUR", "DAY", "WEEK", "MONTH").contains(bucket == null ? "" : bucket), "Bucket must be HOUR, DAY, WEEK or MONTH.");
+      try
+      {
+         AlertSeverity.valueOf(row.getValueString("severity"));
+      }
+      catch(RuntimeException e)
+      {
+         throw new QBadRequestException("Choose a valid alert severity.");
+      }
+      Map<String, Object> parameters = object(row.getValueString("parameters_json"), "parameters_json");
+      Set<String> allowed = switch(detector)
+      {
+         case "SPIKE", "DROP" -> Set.of("k", "threshold", "relativeChange");
+         case "OUT_OF_RANGE" -> Set.of("k", "min", "max");
+         case "NULL_RATE_CREEP" -> Set.of("k", "delta", "n");
+         default -> Set.of("k");
+      };
+      require(allowed.containsAll(parameters.keySet()), "Unsupported parameter for " + detector + ". Allowed: " + String.join(", ", allowed.stream().sorted().toList()) + ".");
+      int k = integer(parameters, "k", 14, 1, 1000);
+      int n = integer(parameters, "n", 3, 1, 1000);
+      double threshold = number(parameters, "threshold", 3.5);
+      double relative = number(parameters, "relativeChange", 0.5);
+      double delta = number(parameters, "delta", 0.05);
+      require(threshold > 0, "threshold must be positive.");
+      require(relative >= 0, "relativeChange must be non-negative (0.5 means 50%).");
+      require(delta >= 0 && delta <= 1, "delta must be between 0 and 1.");
+      Double min = parameters.containsKey("min") ? number(parameters, "min", 0) : null;
+      Double max = parameters.containsKey("max") ? number(parameters, "max", 0) : null;
+      require(!"OUT_OF_RANGE".equals(detector) || min != null && max != null && min <= max, "OUT_OF_RANGE requires min and max with min <= max.");
+      return (new WatchDefinition(detector, operator, field, date, bucket, k, threshold, relative, min, max, delta, n));
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Strict JSON objects keep malformed definitions out of standard CRUD.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+   public static Map<String, Object> object(String json, String name) throws QBadRequestException
+   {
+      try
+      {
+         Object value = JsonUtils.toObject(json == null || json.isBlank() ? "{}" : json, Object.class);
+         if(value instanceof Map<?, ?> map)
+         {
+            return ((Map<String, Object>) map);
+         }
+      }
+      catch(Exception expected)
+      {
+         // Report a stable validation error, without echoing stored JSON.
+      }
+      throw new QBadRequestException(name + " must be a JSON object.");
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Numeric values must be finite JSON numbers, never coerced strings.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   private static double number(Map<String, Object> values, String key, double fallback) throws QBadRequestException
+   {
+      if(!values.containsKey(key))
+      {
+         return (fallback);
+      }
+      require(values.get(key) instanceof Number, key + " must be a number.");
+      double value = ((Number) values.get(key)).doubleValue();
+      require(Double.isFinite(value), key + " must be finite.");
+      return (value);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Bound work and reject fractional window sizes.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   private static int integer(Map<String, Object> values, String key, int fallback, int min, int max) throws QBadRequestException
+   {
+      double value = number(values, key, fallback);
+      require(value == Math.rint(value) && value >= min && value <= max, key + " must be an integer from " + min + " to " + max + ".");
+      return ((int) value);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Optional strings still reject incompatible scalar types.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   private static String string(Object value) throws QBadRequestException
+   {
+      require(value == null || value instanceof String, "Metric operator and field must be strings.");
+      return ((String) value);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Clear errors shared by table validation and preview.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public static void require(boolean valid, String message) throws QBadRequestException
+   {
+      if(!valid)
+      {
+         throw new QBadRequestException(message);
+      }
+   }
+}

src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/watch/WatchDetectors.java

@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+/*
+ * QQQ - Low-code Application Framework for Engineers.
+ * Copyright (C) 2021-2025.  Kingsrook, LLC
+ * 651 N Broad St Ste 205 # 6917 | Middletown DE 19709 | United States
+ * contact@kingsrook.com
+ * https://github.com/Kingsrook/
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.watch;
+
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Set;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.engine.AnalysisFormatting;
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ ** Pure detectors over complete buckets, with no context, queries or side effects.
+ *******************************************************************************/
+public final class WatchDetectors
+{
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Utility class.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   private WatchDetectors()
+   {
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Compare the latest value to the preceding k complete buckets.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public static WatchVerdict evaluate(WatchDefinition definition, List<WatchBucket> series, String label)
+   {
+      int k = definition.k();
+      if(series.isEmpty() || !"OUT_OF_RANGE".equals(definition.detector()) && series.size() < k + 1)
+      {
+         return (WatchVerdict.skipped("Not enough history."));
+      }
+      WatchBucket latest = series.getLast();
+      List<WatchBucket> history = series.subList(Math.max(0, series.size() - k - 1), series.size() - 1);
+      if("NEW_CATEGORY".equals(definition.detector()))
+      {
+         Set<String> previous = new HashSet<>();
+         history.forEach(bucket -> previous.addAll(bucket.categories()));
+         long added = latest.categories().stream().filter(value -> !previous.contains(value)).count();
+         return (new WatchVerdict(true, added > 0, (double) latest.categories().size(), (double) previous.size(), null, null,
+            label + (added > 0 ? " has " + added + " new " + (added == 1 ? "category." : "categories.") : " has no new categories."), latest.drill()));
+      }
+      if(latest.value() == null || !Double.isFinite(latest.value()) || !"OUT_OF_RANGE".equals(definition.detector()) && history.stream().anyMatch(bucket -> bucket.value() == null || !Double.isFinite(bucket.value())))
+      {
+         return (WatchVerdict.skipped("Not enough history: a bucket has no numeric value."));
+      }
+      double x = latest.value();
+      double[] values = history.stream().filter(bucket -> bucket.value() != null && Double.isFinite(bucket.value())).mapToDouble(WatchBucket::value).sorted().toArray();
+      Double baseline = values.length == 0 ? null : median(values);
+      Double low = values.length == 0 ? null : values[0];
+      Double high = values.length == 0 ? null : values[values.length - 1];
+      boolean firing;
+      switch(definition.detector())
+      {
+         case "SPIKE", "DROP" ->
+         {
+            double mad = median(java.util.Arrays.stream(values).map(value -> Math.abs(value - baseline)).sorted().toArray());
+            double change = x - baseline;
+            double score = mad == 0 ? baseline == 0 ? Math.signum(change) * (change == 0 ? 0 : Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY)
+               : change / Math.abs(baseline) : 0.6745 * change / mad;
+            double threshold = mad == 0 ? definition.relativeChange() : definition.threshold();
+            firing = "SPIKE".equals(definition.detector()) ? score > threshold : score < -threshold;
+         }
+         case "OUT_OF_RANGE" ->
+         {
+            low = definition.min();
+            high = definition.max();
+            firing = x < low || x > high;
+         }
+         case "NULL_RATE_CREEP" -> firing = x - baseline > definition.delta() || rising(series, definition.n());
+         default -> throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unsupported numeric detector.");
+      }
+      String verb = firing ? "DROP".equals(definition.detector()) ? " dropped to " : "SPIKE".equals(definition.detector())
+         || "NULL_RATE_CREEP".equals(definition.detector()) ? " rose to " : " is out of range at " : " is ";
+      String band = low == null ? "" : " (" + ("OUT_OF_RANGE".equals(definition.detector()) ? "expected " : "usual ") + format(low) + "–" + format(high) + ")";
+      return (new WatchVerdict(true, firing, x, baseline, low, high, label + verb + format(x) + band + ".", latest.drill()));
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** n consecutive rises require n+1 values, including the latest bucket.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   private static boolean rising(List<WatchBucket> series, int n)
+   {
+      if(series.size() <= n)
+      {
+         return (false);
+      }
+      for(int i = series.size() - n; i < series.size(); i++)
+      {
+         if(series.get(i).value() <= series.get(i - 1).value())
+         {
+            return (false);
+         }
+      }
+      return (true);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Median of a sorted non-empty array, including even-sized baselines.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   private static double median(double[] values)
+   {
+      int middle = values.length / 2;
+      return (values.length % 2 == 0 ? values[middle - 1] / 2 + values[middle] / 2 : values[middle]);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Compact English numeric labels with no scientific notation.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   private static String format(double value)
+   {
+      return (AnalysisFormatting.number(value, 3));
+   }
+}

src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/watch/WatchEvaluator.java

@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
+/*
+ * QQQ - Low-code Application Framework for Engineers.
+ * Copyright (C) 2021-2025.  Kingsrook, LLC
+ * 651 N Broad St Ste 205 # 6917 | Middletown DE 19709 | United States
+ * contact@kingsrook.com
+ * https://github.com/Kingsrook/
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.watch;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.time.Instant;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.DataAnalysisQBitConfig;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.DataAnalysisService;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.engine.DrillFilters;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.model.DataAnalysisTables;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.permissions.DataAnalysisPermissions;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.actions.permissions.PermissionEnforcement;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.actions.permissions.PermissionsHelper;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.actions.permissions.TablePermissionSubType;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.actions.tables.QueryAction;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.actions.tables.UpdateAction;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.alerts.AlertLink;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.alerts.AlertRecordRef;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.alerts.AlertSeverity;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.alerts.AlertSignal;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.alerts.QAlerts;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.context.CapturedContext;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.context.QContext;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.exceptions.QException;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.exceptions.QPermissionDeniedException;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.query.QCriteriaOperator;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.query.QueryInput;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.update.UpdateInput;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.data.QRecord;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.session.QSession;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.session.QUser;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.modules.authentication.QAuthenticationModuleDispatcher;
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ ** Transition watches through the core alerts SPI, computing exclusively as owner.
+ *******************************************************************************/
+public class WatchEvaluator
+{
+   public static final String ALERT_TYPE = "data.analysis.anomaly";
+   private final DataAnalysisQBitConfig config;
+   private final DataAnalysisService service;
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** One evaluator per instance serializes scheduled and manual transitions.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public WatchEvaluator(DataAnalysisQBitConfig config, DataAnalysisService service)
+   {
+      this.config = config;
+      this.service = service;
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Preview uses the viewer's rights, never the saved owner's cached data.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public WatchPreview preview(Serializable id, Instant now) throws QException
+   {
+      return (service.watchPreview(WatchRecords.get(DataAnalysisTables.WATCH, id), now));
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Manual evaluation first requires the caller's read and edit rights.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public synchronized WatchVerdict evaluate(Serializable id, Instant now) throws QException
+   {
+      requireEdit();
+      QRecord row = WatchRecords.get(DataAnalysisTables.WATCH, id);
+      WatchVerdict verdict = asOwner(row, now);
+      store(row, verdict, now);
+      return (verdict);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Only watch inventory/status use maintenance grants, never source data.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public synchronized Integer evaluateEnabled(Instant now) throws QException
+   {
+      QSession maintenance = new QSession().withUser(new QUser().withIdReference("data-analysis-scheduler"))
+         .withPermissions("data_analysis.watch.read", "data_analysis.watch.edit")
+         .withSecurityKeyValue(DataAnalysisPermissions.ADMIN, true);
+      if(QContext.getQSession().getBackendVariants() != null)
+      {
+         maintenance.setBackendVariants(new java.util.HashMap<>(QContext.getQSession().getBackendVariants()));
+      }
+      int[] count = {0};
+      QContext.withTemporaryContext(new CapturedContext(QContext.getQInstance(), maintenance), () ->
+      {
+         QueryInput input = new QueryInput(DataAnalysisTables.WATCH).withShouldFetchHeavyFields(true)
+            .withFilter(DrillFilters.condition("enabled", QCriteriaOperator.EQUALS, true));
+         input.setPermissionEnforcement(PermissionEnforcement.ENFORCE);
+         for(QRecord row : new QueryAction().execute(input).getRecords())
+         {
+            WatchVerdict verdict = evaluate(row.getValue("id"), now);
+            if(verdict.evaluated())
+            {
+               count[0]++;
+            }
+         }
+      });
+      return (count[0]);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** An unavailable or mismatched host session must never fall back to system.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   private WatchVerdict asOwner(QRecord row, Instant now)
+   {
+      String owner = row.getValueString("owner_user_id");
+      QSession session;
+      try
+      {
+         session = config.getOwnerSessionSupplier() == null
+            ? new QAuthenticationModuleDispatcher().getQModule(QContext.getQInstance().getAuthentication()).createAutomatedSessionForUser(QContext.getQInstance(), owner)
+            : config.getOwnerSessionSupplier().apply(owner);
+      }
+      catch(Exception e)
+      {
+         return (WatchVerdict.skipped("Owner session unavailable"));
+      }
+      if(owner == null || session == null || session.getUser() == null || !Objects.equals(owner, session.getUser().getIdReference())
+         || session.getSecurityKeyValues() == null || !session.getSecurityKeyValues().getOrDefault(DataAnalysisTables.USER_KEY, List.of()).contains(owner))
+      {
+         return (WatchVerdict.skipped("Owner session unavailable"));
+      }
+      WatchVerdict[] verdict = new WatchVerdict[1];
+      try
+      {
+         QContext.withTemporaryContext(new CapturedContext(QContext.getQInstance(), session), () ->
+         {
+            QRecord owned = WatchRecords.get(DataAnalysisTables.WATCH, row.getValue("id"));
+            verdict[0] = service.watchPreview(owned, now).verdict();
+         });
+         return (verdict[0]);
+      }
+      catch(QPermissionDeniedException e)
+      {
+         return (WatchVerdict.skipped("Owner lacks READ or Analyze access to the watched table."));
+      }
+      catch(com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.exceptions.QBadRequestException e)
+      {
+         return (WatchVerdict.skipped("Watch evaluation unavailable: " + e.getMessage()));
+      }
+      catch(Exception e)
+      {
+         return (WatchVerdict.skipped("Watch evaluation unavailable; check the saved analysis and source configuration."));
+      }
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Persist first; only successful evaluated transitions notify the alerts SPI.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   private void store(QRecord row, WatchVerdict verdict, Instant now) throws QException
+   {
+      String key = "data_analysis_watch:" + row.getValue("id");
+      boolean wasFiring = "FIRING".equals(row.getValueString("state"));
+      QRecord patch = new QRecord().withValue("id", row.getValue("id")).withValue("last_evaluated_at", now)
+         .withValue("last_value", verdict.value()).withValue("last_message", verdict.message());
+      if(verdict.evaluated())
+      {
+         patch.withValue("state", verdict.firing() ? "FIRING" : "OK").withValue("alert_key", key);
+      }
+      update(patch);
+      if(!verdict.evaluated() || wasFiring == verdict.firing())
+      {
+         return;
+      }
+      if(verdict.firing())
+      {
+         AlertSignal signal = new AlertSignal(ALERT_TYPE).withDedupKey(key).withSeverity(AlertSeverity.valueOf(row.getValueString("severity")))
+            .withTitle("Data anomaly").withSummary(verdict.message()).withRecordRef(AlertRecordRef.of(DataAnalysisTables.WATCH, row.getValue("id")));
+         if(verdict.drill() != null)
+         {
+            signal.withLink(AlertLink.toTable(verdict.drill().getTableName(), verdict.drill().getFilter(), "View matching records"));
+         }
+         QAlerts.raise(signal);
+      }
+      else
+      {
+         QAlerts.resolve(ALERT_TYPE, key, verdict.message());
+      }
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Enable and disable selected owner-locked rows through standard core updates.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public void setEnabled(Serializable id, Boolean enabled) throws QException
+   {
+      requireEdit();
+      WatchRecords.get(DataAnalysisTables.WATCH, id);
+      update(new QRecord().withValue("id", id).withValue("enabled", enabled));
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Never count an unsuccessful core update as an evaluated watch.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   private static void update(QRecord record) throws QException
+   {
+      UpdateInput input = new UpdateInput(DataAnalysisTables.WATCH).withRecords(List.of(record));
+      input.setPermissionEnforcement(PermissionEnforcement.ENFORCE);
+      QRecord stored = new UpdateAction().execute(input).getRecords().getFirst();
+      if(stored.getErrors() != null && !stored.getErrors().isEmpty())
+      {
+         throw new QException("Watch could not be updated: " + stored.getErrors().getFirst().getMessage());
+      }
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Public mutation entry points enforce table permission before source queries.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   private static void requireEdit() throws QPermissionDeniedException
+   {
+      if(!PermissionsHelper.hasTablePermission(new UpdateInput(DataAnalysisTables.WATCH), DataAnalysisTables.WATCH, TablePermissionSubType.EDIT))
+      {
+         throw new QPermissionDeniedException("Watch editing is unavailable.");
+      }
+   }
+}

src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/watch/WatchPreview.java

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+/*
+ * QQQ - Low-code Application Framework for Engineers.
+ * Copyright (C) 2021-2025.  Kingsrook, LLC
+ * 651 N Broad St Ste 205 # 6917 | Middletown DE 19709 | United States
+ * contact@kingsrook.com
+ * https://github.com/Kingsrook/
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.watch;
+
+import java.util.List;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.Chart;
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ ** Read-only preview with a semantic time series and detector explanation.
+ *******************************************************************************/
+public record WatchPreview(List<WatchBucket> series, Chart chart, WatchVerdict verdict)
+{
+}

src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/watch/WatchRecords.java

@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+/*
+ * QQQ - Low-code Application Framework for Engineers.
+ * Copyright (C) 2021-2025.  Kingsrook, LLC
+ * 651 N Broad St Ste 205 # 6917 | Middletown DE 19709 | United States
+ * contact@kingsrook.com
+ * https://github.com/Kingsrook/
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.watch;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.engine.DrillFilters;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.model.DataAnalysisTables;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.actions.permissions.PermissionEnforcement;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.actions.tables.QueryAction;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.exceptions.QBadRequestException;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.exceptions.QException;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.exceptions.QNotFoundException;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.query.QCriteriaOperator;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.query.QQueryFilter;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.query.QueryInput;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.data.QRecord;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.utils.JsonUtils;
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ ** Watch and saved-definition reads always use the active user's core permissions.
+ *******************************************************************************/
+public final class WatchRecords
+{
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Utility class.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   private WatchRecords()
+   {
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fetch heavy JSON with record locks; missing and inaccessible ids look alike.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public static QRecord get(String table, Serializable id) throws QException
+   {
+      QueryInput input = new QueryInput(table).withShouldFetchHeavyFields(true)
+         .withFilter(DrillFilters.condition("id", QCriteriaOperator.EQUALS, id).withLimit(1));
+      input.setPermissionEnforcement(PermissionEnforcement.ENFORCE);
+      List<QRecord> records = new QueryAction().execute(input).getRecords();
+      if(records.isEmpty())
+      {
+         throw new QNotFoundException("Watch or saved analysis is unavailable.");
+      }
+      return (records.getFirst());
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Saved pivots provide one measure; explicit watch metrics can also be used.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public static QRecord resolve(QRecord row) throws QException
+   {
+      boolean saved = row.getValue("saved_id") != null;
+      WatchDefinition.require(saved != (row.getValueString("table_name") != null && !row.getValueString("table_name").isBlank()), "Choose either saved_id or table_name.");
+      QRecord result = new QRecord(row);
+      if(saved)
+      {
+         WatchDefinition.require(row.getValueString("filter_json") == null || row.getValueString("filter_json").isBlank(), "Saved watches use the saved analysis filter; omit filter_json.");
+         QRecord analysis = get(DataAnalysisTables.SAVED, row.getValue("saved_id"));
+         result.withValue("table_name", analysis.getValue("table_name")).withValue("filter_json", analysis.getValue("filter_json"));
+         Map<String, Object> definition = WatchDefinition.object(analysis.getValueString("definition_json"), "Saved definition");
+         if(result.getValueString("metric_json") == null || result.getValueString("metric_json").isBlank())
+         {
+            Object metric = definition.get("metric");
+            if(metric == null && definition.get("values") instanceof List<?> values && values.size() == 1)
+            {
+               metric = values.getFirst();
+            }
+            WatchDefinition.require(metric != null, "Saved analysis needs one COUNT, SUM or AVG measure, or an explicit watch metric_json.");
+            Map<String, Object> selected = new LinkedHashMap<>(WatchDefinition.object(JsonUtils.toJson(metric), "Saved metric"));
+            if(selected.get("percentile") == null)
+            {
+               selected.remove("percentile");
+            }
+            result.withValue("metric_json", JsonUtils.toJson(selected));
+         }
+         if(result.getValueString("filter_json") == null && definition.get("filter") != null)
+         {
+            result.withValue("filter_json", JsonUtils.toJson(definition.get("filter")));
+         }
+      }
+      filter(result);
+      return (result);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Reject invalid filter JSON rather than silently broadening the watch.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public static QQueryFilter filter(QRecord row) throws QBadRequestException
+   {
+      String json = row.getValueString("filter_json");
+      if(json == null || json.isBlank())
+      {
+         return (new QQueryFilter());
+      }
+      WatchDefinition.object(json, "filter_json");
+      try
+      {
+         QQueryFilter filter = JsonUtils.toObject(json, QQueryFilter.class);
+         validateFilter(filter);
+         return (filter);
+      }
+      catch(Exception e)
+      {
+         throw new QBadRequestException("filter_json must contain a valid core query filter.");
+      }
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Invalid operators and null criteria are never interpreted as empty filters.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   private static void validateFilter(QQueryFilter filter)
+   {
+      if(filter == null || filter.getCriteria() == null || filter.getSubFilters() == null
+         || filter.getCriteria().stream().anyMatch(c -> c == null || c.getOperator() == null || c.getFieldName() == null))
+      {
+         throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid filter.");
+      }
+      filter.getSubFilters().forEach(WatchRecords::validateFilter);
+   }
+}

src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/watch/WatchSeries.java

@@ -0,0 +1,278 @@
+/*
+ * QQQ - Low-code Application Framework for Engineers.
+ * Copyright (C) 2021-2025.  Kingsrook, LLC
+ * 651 N Broad St Ste 205 # 6917 | Middletown DE 19709 | United States
+ * contact@kingsrook.com
+ * https://github.com/Kingsrook/
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.watch;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.math.BigDecimal;
+import java.time.Instant;
+import java.time.ZonedDateTime;
+import java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit;
+import java.time.temporal.TemporalAdjusters;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
+import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.engine.AnalysisSecurity;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.engine.DrillFilters;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.engine.EffectiveConfig;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.engine.RelationshipSupport;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.Axis;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.Chart;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.ChartKind;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.Point;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.Series;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.ValueType;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.exceptions.QException;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.aggregate.Aggregate;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.aggregate.AggregateInput;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.aggregate.AggregateOperator;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.aggregate.AggregateResult;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.aggregate.DateBucket;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.aggregate.DateBucketUnit;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.aggregate.GroupBy;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.query.QQueryFilter;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.fields.QFieldType;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.utils.ValueUtils;
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ ** Exact core date-bucket aggregates under the active user's FULL-field policy.
+ *******************************************************************************/
+public class WatchSeries extends RelationshipSupport
+{
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Bind request-local policy and core streamed limits.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public WatchSeries(AnalysisSecurity security, EffectiveConfig config, String table)
+   {
+      super(security, config, table);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Evaluate only complete buckets; reject partial or privacy-suppressed data.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public WatchPreview preview(WatchDefinition definition, QQueryFilter filter, Instant now) throws QException
+   {
+      var date = full(definition.dateField());
+      WatchDefinition.require(date.getType() == QFieldType.DATE || date.getType() == QFieldType.DATE_TIME, "Choose a DATE or DATE_TIME field.");
+      WatchDefinition.require(!"HOUR".equals(definition.bucket()) || date.getType() == QFieldType.DATE_TIME, "HOUR requires a DATE_TIME field.");
+      if(definition.field() != null)
+      {
+         full(definition.field());
+      }
+      if(List.of("SUM", "AVG").contains(definition.metric()))
+      {
+         requireNumeric(definition.field());
+      }
+      validateFilter(filter);
+      ZonedDateTime end = boundary(now, definition.bucket());
+      ZonedDateTime start = move(end, definition.bucket(), -definition.k() - 1);
+      QQueryFilter window = DrillFilters.drill(table, filter, range(definition.dateField(), date.getType(), start, end)).getFilter();
+      GroupBy dateGroup = new GroupBy(date).withBucket(new DateBucket(DateBucketUnit.valueOf(definition.bucket())));
+      Aggregate count = measure(primaryKey(table), AggregateOperator.COUNT);
+      Aggregate metric = switch(definition.metric())
+      {
+         case "SUM" -> measure(definition.field(), AggregateOperator.SUM);
+         case "AVG" -> measure(definition.field(), AggregateOperator.AVG);
+         case "NULL_SHARE" -> measure(definition.field(), AggregateOperator.COUNT_NULL);
+         default -> count;
+      };
+      Aggregate nonNull = List.of("SUM", "AVG").contains(definition.metric()) ? measure(definition.field(), AggregateOperator.COUNT) : count;
+      AggregateInput input = new AggregateInput(table).withFilter(window).withGroupBy(dateGroup).withAggregate(count);
+      if(metric != count)
+      {
+         input.withAggregate(metric);
+      }
+      if(nonNull != count)
+      {
+         input.withAggregate(nonNull);
+      }
+      GroupBy category = "CATEGORY_SET".equals(definition.metric()) ? new GroupBy(full(definition.field())) : null;
+      if(category != null)
+      {
+         input.withGroupBy(category);
+      }
+      Map<String, List<AggregateResult>> grouped = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+      for(AggregateResult row : aggregate(input))
+      {
+         grouped.computeIfAbsent(key(row.getGroupByValues().get(dateGroup), definition.bucket()), ignored -> new ArrayList<>()).add(row);
+      }
+      List<WatchBucket> buckets = new ArrayList<>();
+      boolean seen = false;
+      for(ZonedDateTime at = start; at.isBefore(end); at = move(at, definition.bucket(), 1))
+      {
+         Serializable value = "HOUR".equals(definition.bucket()) ? at.toInstant() : at.toLocalDate();
+         List<AggregateResult> rows = grouped.getOrDefault(key(value, definition.bucket()), List.of());
+         seen |= !rows.isEmpty();
+         if(!seen)
+         {
+            continue;
+         }
+         long size = rows.stream().mapToLong(row -> ((Number) row.getAggregateValues().get(count)).longValue()).sum();
+         if(size < config.getMinGroupSize())
+         {
+            return (skipped("Privacy guard: a bucket is below the minimum group size."));
+         }
+         Set<String> categories = new LinkedHashSet<>();
+         if(category != null)
+         {
+            for(AggregateResult row : rows)
+            {
+               if(((Number) row.getAggregateValues().get(count)).longValue() < config.getMinGroupSize())
+               {
+                  return (skipped("Privacy guard: a category is below the minimum group size."));
+               }
+               Serializable member = row.getGroupByValues().get(category);
+               if(member != null)
+               {
+                  categories.add(member.toString());
+               }
+            }
+         }
+         if(nonNull != count && !rows.isEmpty() && ((Number) rows.getFirst().getAggregateValues().get(nonNull)).longValue() < config.getMinGroupSize())
+         {
+            return (skipped("Privacy guard: too few non-null values."));
+         }
+         Object raw = rows.isEmpty() ? null : rows.getFirst().getAggregateValues().get(metric);
+         if("NULL_SHARE".equals(definition.metric()) && raw != null)
+         {
+            long nulls = ((Number) raw).longValue();
+            if(nulls > 0 && nulls < config.getMinGroupSize() || size - nulls > 0 && size - nulls < config.getMinGroupSize())
+            {
+               return (skipped("Privacy guard: too few null or non-null values."));
+            }
+         }
+         Double number = switch(definition.metric())
+         {
+            case "COUNT" -> (double) size;
+            case "CATEGORY_SET" -> (double) categories.size();
+            case "NULL_SHARE" -> size == 0 ? null : ((Number) raw).doubleValue() / size;
+            case "SUM" -> rows.isEmpty() ? 0.0 : raw == null ? null : ((Number) raw).doubleValue();
+            default -> raw == null ? null : ((Number) raw).doubleValue();
+         };
+         buckets.add(new WatchBucket(value, number, categories, DrillFilters.drill(table, filter,
+            range(definition.dateField(), date.getType(), at, move(at, definition.bucket(), 1)))));
+      }
+      String label = switch(definition.metric())
+      {
+         case "COUNT" -> security.table(table).getLabel();
+         case "NULL_SHARE" -> "Null share of " + full(definition.field()).getLabel();
+         case "CATEGORY_SET" -> full(definition.field()).getLabel();
+         default -> ("SUM".equals(definition.metric()) ? "Sum of " : "Average ") + full(definition.field()).getLabel();
+      };
+      label += " per " + definition.bucket().toLowerCase(java.util.Locale.ROOT);
+      WatchVerdict verdict = WatchDetectors.evaluate(definition, buckets, label);
+      List<Point> points = buckets.stream().map(bucket -> new Point().withX(bucket.start())
+         .withY(bucket.value() == null ? null : BigDecimal.valueOf(bucket.value())).withDrill(bucket.drill())).toList();
+      List<String> annotations = new ArrayList<>();
+      if(verdict.baselineLow() != null)
+      {
+         annotations.add("Baseline band: " + verdict.baselineLow() + " to " + verdict.baselineHigh() + ".");
+      }
+      annotations.add(verdict.message());
+      Chart chart = new Chart().withKind(ChartKind.TIME_SERIES)
+         .withX(new Axis().withField(definition.dateField()).withLabel(date.getLabel()).withValueType(date.getType() == QFieldType.DATE ? ValueType.DATE : ValueType.DATE_TIME))
+         .withY(new Axis().withLabel(label).withValueType("NULL_SHARE".equals(definition.metric()) ? ValueType.PERCENT : ValueType.DECIMAL))
+         .withSeries(List.of(new Series().withName(label).withPoints(points))).withAnnotations(annotations);
+      return (new WatchPreview(buckets, chart, verdict));
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** No suppressed values, categories or drill predicates leave this computation.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public static WatchPreview skipped(String message)
+   {
+      return (new WatchPreview(List.of(), new Chart().withKind(ChartKind.TIME_SERIES).withAnnotations(List.of(message)), WatchVerdict.skipped(message)));
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** User-authored watch filters must also use FULL fields only.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   private void validateFilter(QQueryFilter filter) throws QException
+   {
+      if(filter == null)
+      {
+         return;
+      }
+      for(var criterion : filter.getCriteria())
+      {
+         if(criterion.getFieldName() != null)
+         {
+            full(criterion.getFieldName());
+         }
+         if(criterion.getFieldFunction() != null)
+         {
+            full(criterion.getFieldFunction().getFieldName());
+         }
+      }
+      for(QQueryFilter child : filter.getSubFilters())
+      {
+         validateFilter(child);
+      }
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Calendar boundaries follow the owner's time zone, including DST changes.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   private static ZonedDateTime boundary(Instant now, String bucket)
+   {
+      ZonedDateTime local = now.atZone(ValueUtils.getSessionOrInstanceZoneId());
+      return (switch(bucket)
+      {
+         case "HOUR" -> local.truncatedTo(ChronoUnit.HOURS);
+         case "WEEK" -> local.toLocalDate().with(TemporalAdjusters.previousOrSame(java.time.DayOfWeek.MONDAY)).atStartOfDay(local.getZone());
+         case "MONTH" -> local.toLocalDate().withDayOfMonth(1).atStartOfDay(local.getZone());
+         default -> local.toLocalDate().atStartOfDay(local.getZone());
+      });
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Advance on the calendar, rather than treating every day as 24 hours.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   private static ZonedDateTime move(ZonedDateTime at, String bucket, int count)
+   {
+      return (switch(bucket)
+      {
+         case "HOUR" -> at.plusHours(count);
+         case "WEEK" -> at.plusWeeks(count);
+         case "MONTH" -> at.plusMonths(count);
+         default -> at.plusDays(count);
+      });
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Keep DATE filters as dates and DATE_TIME filters as instants.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   private static QQueryFilter range(String field, QFieldType type, ZonedDateTime start, ZonedDateTime end)
+   {
+      return (DrillFilters.range(field, type == QFieldType.DATE ? start.toLocalDate() : start.toInstant(),
+         type == QFieldType.DATE ? end.toLocalDate() : end.toInstant(), false));
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Normalize core date-bucket keys independently of JDBC value representation.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   private static String key(Serializable value, String bucket)
+   {
+      return ("HOUR".equals(bucket) ? ValueUtils.getValueAsInstant(value).toString() : ValueUtils.getValueAsLocalDate(value).toString());
+   }
+}

src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/watch/WatchVerdict.java

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+/*
+ * QQQ - Low-code Application Framework for Engineers.
+ * Copyright (C) 2021-2025.  Kingsrook, LLC
+ * 651 N Broad St Ste 205 # 6917 | Middletown DE 19709 | United States
+ * contact@kingsrook.com
+ * https://github.com/Kingsrook/
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.watch;
+
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.Drill;
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ ** An unevaluated verdict must never resolve an existing alert.
+ *******************************************************************************/
+public record WatchVerdict(Boolean evaluated, Boolean firing, Double value, Double baseline,
+   Double baselineLow, Double baselineHigh, String message, Drill drill)
+{
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Fail closed without retaining data or a drill.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public static WatchVerdict skipped(String message)
+   {
+      return (new WatchVerdict(false, false, null, null, null, null, message, null));
+   }
+}

src/test/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/AnalysisFormattingTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+/*
+ * QQQ - Low-code Application Framework for Engineers.
+ * Copyright (C) 2021-2025.  Kingsrook, LLC
+ * 651 N Broad St Ste 205 # 6917 | Middletown DE 19709 | United States
+ * contact@kingsrook.com
+ * https://github.com/Kingsrook/
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis;
+
+import java.math.BigDecimal;
+import java.time.Instant;
+import java.time.LocalDate;
+import java.time.ZoneId;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.engine.AnalysisBackend;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.engine.AnalysisFormatting;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.engine.MetricLabels;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.engine.NiceBins;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.engine.ProfileSupport;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.ValueType;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.fields.DisplayFormat;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.fields.QFieldMetaData;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.fields.QFieldType;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThatThrownBy;
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ ** Public presentation contracts, including precision and calendar edge cases.
+ *******************************************************************************/
+class AnalysisFormattingTest
+{
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Raw ratios remain numeric while display strings are ready for a CLI.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void numbersPercentagesAndLengths()
+   {
+      assertThat(ProfileSupport.metric("rows", 12498L, ValueType.COUNT).getFormatted()).isEqualTo("12,498");
+      for(String key : List.of("uniqueness", "completeness", "share"))
+      {
+         var metric = ProfileSupport.metric(key, new BigDecimal("0.987654321"), ValueType.PERCENT);
+         assertThat(metric.getValue()).isEqualTo(new BigDecimal("0.987654"));
+         assertThat(metric.getFormatted()).isEqualTo("98.8%");
+         assertThat(metric.getValueType()).isEqualTo(ValueType.PERCENT);
+      }
+      assertThat(ProfileSupport.metric("share", BigDecimal.ONE, ValueType.PERCENT).getFormatted()).isEqualTo("100%");
+      assertThat(ProfileSupport.metric("share", BigDecimal.ZERO, ValueType.PERCENT).getFormatted()).isEqualTo("0%");
+      assertThat(ProfileSupport.share(1, 3)).isEqualByComparingTo("0.333333");
+      assertThat(ProfileSupport.share(0, 0)).isZero();
+      assertThat(ProfileSupport.metric("meanLength", new BigDecimal("12.345"), ValueType.DECIMAL).getFormatted()).isEqualTo("12.3");
+      assertThat(ProfileSupport.metric("minLength", BigDecimal.TEN, ValueType.DECIMAL).getFormatted()).isEqualTo("10");
+      assertThat(ProfileSupport.metric("max", null, ValueType.DECIMAL).getFormatted()).isNull();
+      assertThatThrownBy(() -> MetricLabels.label("unknown", ValueType.COUNT)).isInstanceOf(NullPointerException.class).hasMessageContaining("Missing metric label");
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Host currency and custom display formats take precedence over numeric defaults.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void fieldFormatsAndRawPrecision()
+   {
+      QFieldMetaData decimal = new QFieldMetaData("amount", QFieldType.DECIMAL);
+      assertThat(AnalysisFormatting.numeric(decimal, "min", new BigDecimal("81753.32"))).isEqualTo("81,753.32");
+      decimal.withDisplayFormat(DisplayFormat.CURRENCY);
+      assertThat(AnalysisFormatting.numeric(decimal, "min", new BigDecimal("81753.32"))).isEqualTo("$81,753.32");
+      var metric = AnalysisFormatting.numericMetric(decimal, "mean", new BigDecimal("125916.45167830173"));
+      assertThat(metric.getValue()).isEqualTo(new BigDecimal("125916.4517"));
+      assertThat(metric.getFormatted()).isEqualTo("$125,916.45");
+      assertThat(AnalysisFormatting.numericMetric(decimal, "max", null).getValue()).isNull();
+      QFieldMetaData integer = new QFieldMetaData("quantity", QFieldType.INTEGER);
+      assertThat(AnalysisFormatting.numeric(integer, "max", new BigDecimal("12498"))).isEqualTo("12,498");
+      assertThat(AnalysisFormatting.numeric(integer, "mean", new BigDecimal("12.345"))).isEqualTo("12.35");
+      assertThat(AnalysisFormatting.numeric(integer, "stddev", new BigDecimal("12.345"))).isEqualTo("12.35");
+      assertThat(AnalysisFormatting.numeric(integer.withDisplayFormat(DisplayFormat.DECIMAL1_COMMAS), "mean", new BigDecimal("12.345"))).isEqualTo("12.3");
+      QFieldMetaData large = new QFieldMetaData("large", QFieldType.LONG).withDisplayFormat(DisplayFormat.COMMAS);
+      assertThat(AnalysisFormatting.numeric(large, "sum", new BigDecimal("9000000000"))).isEqualTo("9,000,000,000");
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Nice boundaries remain exact at small scales, negative values and constants.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void niceEdgesAndLabels()
+   {
+      for(List<String> range : List.of(List.of("25317.13", "65781.79"), List.of("-0.0093", "0.0357"), List.of("42", "42"), List.of("0", "0"), List.of("-9", "905")))
+      {
+         BigDecimal low = new BigDecimal(range.getFirst());
+         BigDecimal high = new BigDecimal(range.getLast());
+         NiceBins bins = NiceBins.covering(low, high);
+         assertThat(bins.count()).isBetween(10, 25);
+         assertThat(bins.low()).isLessThanOrEqualTo(low);
+         assertThat(bins.high()).isGreaterThanOrEqualTo(high);
+         BigDecimal step = bins.high().subtract(bins.low()).divide(BigDecimal.valueOf(bins.count())).stripTrailingZeros();
+         assertThat(step.scaleByPowerOfTen(step.scale() - step.precision() + 1).toPlainString()).isIn("1", "2", "2.5", "5");
+         assertThat(bins.low().remainder(step)).isZero();
+         assertThat(bins.high().remainder(step)).isZero();
+      }
+      QFieldMetaData field = new QFieldMetaData("amount", QFieldType.INTEGER);
+      assertThat(AnalysisFormatting.interval(field, new BigDecimal("60000"), new BigDecimal("65000"))).isEqualTo("60,000 – 65,000");
+      assertThat(AnalysisFormatting.interval(field, null, new BigDecimal("25000"))).isEqualTo("Below 25,000");
+      assertThat(AnalysisFormatting.interval(field, new BigDecimal("65000"), null)).isEqualTo("65,000 and above");
+      assertThat(AnalysisFormatting.interval(field, new BigDecimal("1.25"), new BigDecimal("1.5"))).isEqualTo("1.25 – 1.5");
+      field.withDisplayFormat(DisplayFormat.CURRENCY);
+      assertThat(AnalysisFormatting.interval(field, new BigDecimal("60000"), new BigDecimal("65000"))).isEqualTo("$60,000 – $65,000");
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Every supported unit has a human label without replacing its ISO coordinate.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void dateUnitsAndDurations()
+   {
+      ZoneId zone = ZoneId.of("America/Chicago");
+      LocalDate date = LocalDate.of(2024, 3, 4);
+      Map<AnalysisBackend.DateUnit, String> labels = Map.of(
+         AnalysisBackend.DateUnit.YEAR, "2024", AnalysisBackend.DateUnit.QUARTER, "2024 Q1", AnalysisBackend.DateUnit.MONTH, "Mar 2024",
+         AnalysisBackend.DateUnit.WEEK, "Week of 2024-03-04", AnalysisBackend.DateUnit.DAY, "2024-03-04");
+      labels.forEach((unit, label) -> assertThat(AnalysisFormatting.dateBucket(date, unit, zone)).isEqualTo(label));
+      assertThat(AnalysisFormatting.dateBucket(Instant.parse("2024-03-04T19:00:00Z"), AnalysisBackend.DateUnit.HOUR, zone)).isEqualTo("2024-03-04 13:00");
+      for(int i = 1; i <= 7; i++)
+      {
+         assertThat(AnalysisFormatting.dateBucket(i, AnalysisBackend.DateUnit.DAY_OF_WEEK, zone))
+            .isEqualTo(List.of("Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday", "Thursday", "Friday", "Saturday", "Sunday").get(i - 1));
+      }
+      for(int i = 0; i < 24; i++)
+      {
+         assertThat(AnalysisFormatting.dateBucket(i, AnalysisBackend.DateUnit.HOUR_OF_DAY, zone)).isEqualTo(String.format(java.util.Locale.US, "%02d:00", i));
+      }
+      assertThat(AnalysisFormatting.duration(date, date.plusYears(48).plusMonths(2))).isEqualTo("48 years 2 months");
+      assertThat(AnalysisFormatting.duration(date, date.plusDays(12))).isEqualTo("12 days");
+      assertThat(AnalysisFormatting.duration(date, date.plusYears(1).plusMonths(1).plusDays(1))).isEqualTo("1 year 1 month 1 day");
+      assertThat(AnalysisFormatting.duration(date, date)).isEqualTo("0 days");
+      assertThat(ProfileSupport.metric("min", date, ValueType.DATE).getLabel()).isEqualTo("Earliest");
+      assertThat(ProfileSupport.metric("max", date, ValueType.DATE).getLabel()).isEqualTo("Latest");
+      assertThat(ProfileSupport.metric("min", date, ValueType.DATE).getFormatted()).isEqualTo("2024-03-04");
+   }
+}

src/test/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/CoreAnalysisBackendTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,229 @@
+/*
+ * QQQ - Low-code Application Framework for Engineers.
+ * Copyright (C) 2021-2025.  Kingsrook, LLC
+ * 651 N Broad St Ste 205 # 6917 | Middletown DE 19709 | United States
+ * contact@kingsrook.com
+ * https://github.com/Kingsrook/
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis;
+
+import java.util.Set;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.engine.CoreAnalysisBackend;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.engine.StandInAnalysisBackend;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.ColumnProfileRequest;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.actions.interfaces.AggregateInterface;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.aggregate.AggregateCapability;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.aggregate.AggregateInput;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.modules.backend.QBackendModuleDispatcher;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.modules.backend.implementations.memory.MemoryBackendModule;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.modules.backend.implementations.memory.MemoryAggregateAction;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ ** Native sample membership and capability-directed fallback behavior.
+ *******************************************************************************/
+class CoreAnalysisBackendTest extends EngineFixture
+{
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Restore the global dispatcher after a capability-specific fixture.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   @AfterEach
+   void restoreModule()
+   {
+      QBackendModuleDispatcher.registerBackendModule(new MemoryBackendModule());
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Deterministic memory sampling scales every-k-th counts to the population.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void sampledPopulation() throws Exception
+   {
+      config.withDefaultSampleThresholdRows(5).withDefaultSampleRows(4);
+      assertThat(service.backend("orders")).isInstanceOf(CoreAnalysisBackend.class);
+      var profile = service.columnProfile(new ColumnProfileRequest().withTableName("orders").withFieldName("amount"));
+      assertThat(profile.getEstimate()).isTrue();
+      assertThat(profile.getSampleRows()).isEqualTo(4);
+      assertThat(profile.getNumeric().getMetrics().stream().filter(m -> m.getKey().equals("sum")).findFirst().orElseThrow().getValue().toString()).isEqualTo("1030");
+      var counts = profile.getCounts().stream().collect(java.util.stream.Collectors.toMap(m -> m.getKey(), m -> m));
+      assertThat(counts.get("rows").getValue()).isEqualTo(12L);
+      assertThat(counts.get("rows").getEstimate()).isFalse();
+      assertThat(counts.get("nonNull").getValue()).isEqualTo(Math.round(4.0 * 12 / 4));
+      assertThat(profile.getTopValues()).allSatisfy(v ->
+      {
+         assertThat(v.getCount()).isEqualTo(Math.round(1.0 * 12 / 4));
+         assertThat(v.getShare()).isEqualByComparingTo("0.25");
+      });
+      assertThat(com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.utils.JsonUtils.toJson(profile)).doesNotContain("\"operator\":\"IN\"");
+      new MemoryEngineTest().assertDrills(profile);
+      config.withDefaultMaxRows(0);
+      service.getConfigResolver().invalidate();
+      var empty = service.columnProfile(new ColumnProfileRequest().withTableName("orders").withFieldName("amount"));
+      assertThat(empty.getEstimate()).isTrue();
+      assertThat(empty.getSampleRows()).isEqualTo(4);
+      assertThat(empty.getTruncated()).isFalse();
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Rounding counts must not alter raw shares, and drills retain the user filter.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void filteredSampleRatios() throws Exception
+   {
+      config.withDefaultSampleThresholdRows(2).withDefaultSampleRows(4);
+      var filter = com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.engine.DrillFilters.condition("id",
+         com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.query.QCriteriaOperator.GREATER_THAN, 1);
+      var profile = service.columnProfile(new ColumnProfileRequest().withTableName("orders").withFieldName("amount").withFilter(filter));
+      // The filtered ids 2..12, sampled every third row, yield 2, 5, 8, 11.
+      var sampledAmounts = java.util.Arrays.asList(0, 20, 40, null);
+      long nonNull = sampledAmounts.stream().filter(java.util.Objects::nonNull).count();
+      var counts = profile.getCounts().stream().collect(java.util.stream.Collectors.toMap(m -> m.getKey(), m -> m));
+      assertThat(profile.getSampleRows()).isEqualTo(sampledAmounts.size());
+      assertThat(counts.get("rows").getValue()).isEqualTo(11L);
+      assertThat(counts.get("nonNull").getValue()).isEqualTo(Math.round(nonNull * 11.0 / sampledAmounts.size()));
+      assertThat(counts.get("nulls").getValue()).isEqualTo(Math.round((sampledAmounts.size() - nonNull) * 11.0 / sampledAmounts.size()));
+      assertThat(profile.getTopValues()).hasSize(4).allSatisfy(v ->
+      {
+         assertThat(v.getCount()).isEqualTo(Math.round(11.0 / sampledAmounts.size()));
+         assertThat(v.getShare()).isEqualByComparingTo("0.25");
+      });
+      var exact = new StandInAnalysisBackend(service.getConfigResolver().resolve("orders"));
+      assertThat(exact.count("orders", counts.get("rows").getDrill().getFilter())).isEqualTo(11);
+      assertThat(exact.count("orders", counts.get("nonNull").getDrill().getFilter())).isEqualTo(10);
+      var twenty = profile.getTopValues().stream().filter(v -> v.getValue() != null && v.getValue().toString().equals("20")).findFirst().orElseThrow();
+      assertThat(exact.count("orders", twenty.getDrill().getFilter())).isEqualTo(2);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Empty samples keep the population drill; inspecting every row is exact.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void samplingBoundaries() throws Exception
+   {
+      config.withDefaultSampleThresholdRows(2).withDefaultSampleRows(0);
+      var empty = service.columnProfile(new ColumnProfileRequest().withTableName("orders").withFieldName("amount"));
+      assertThat(empty.getSampleRows()).isZero();
+      assertThat(empty.getCounts().getFirst().getValue()).isEqualTo(12L);
+      assertThat(empty.getCounts().get(1).getValue()).isEqualTo(0L);
+      config.withDefaultSampleRows(100);
+      service.getConfigResolver().invalidate();
+      var scope = service.backend("orders").scope("orders", null, false);
+      assertThat(scope.samplePercent()).isNull();
+      assertThat(scope.estimate()).isFalse();
+      assertThat(scope.rowsScanned()).isEqualTo(12);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** A non-random estimate has one boundary bind and population-wide drills.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void prefixBoundary() throws Exception
+   {
+      capabilities(Set.of());
+      config.withDefaultSampleThresholdRows(2).withDefaultSampleRows(4);
+      var filter = com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.engine.DrillFilters.condition("id",
+         com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.query.QCriteriaOperator.GREATER_THAN, 2);
+      var backend = service.backend("orders");
+      var scope = backend.scope("orders", filter, false);
+      assertThat(scope.filter().getSubFilters().get(1).getCriteria()).singleElement().satisfies(c ->
+      {
+         assertThat(c.getFieldName()).isEqualTo("id");
+         assertThat(c.getOperator()).isEqualTo(com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.query.QCriteriaOperator.LESS_THAN_OR_EQUALS);
+         assertThat(c.getValues()).containsExactly(6);
+      });
+      var profile = service.columnProfile(new ColumnProfileRequest().withTableName("orders").withFieldName("quantity").withFilter(filter));
+      assertThat(profile.getCounts().getFirst().getValue()).isEqualTo(10L);
+      assertThat(profile.getCounts().stream().filter(m -> m.getKey().equals("nonNull")).findFirst().orElseThrow().getValue()).isEqualTo(4L);
+      assertThat(profile.getWarnings()).contains("Estimate from the first 4 rows by id");
+      var drill = profile.getCounts().getFirst().getDrill();
+      assertThat(new StandInAnalysisBackend(service.getConfigResolver().resolve("orders")).count("orders", drill.getFilter())).isEqualTo(10);
+      assertThat(com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.utils.JsonUtils.toJson(profile)).doesNotContain("\"operator\":\"IN\"");
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Empty capabilities select the stand-in; partial support uses core plus fallback.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void fallbackSelection() throws Exception
+   {
+      capabilities(Set.of());
+      assertThat(service.backend("orders")).isExactlyInstanceOf(StandInAnalysisBackend.class);
+      capabilities(Set.of(AggregateCapability.STDDEV));
+      assertThat(service.backend("orders")).isInstanceOf(CoreAnalysisBackend.class);
+      var profile = service.columnProfile(new ColumnProfileRequest().withTableName("orders").withFieldName("amount"));
+      assertThat(profile.getNumeric().getMetrics().stream().filter(m -> m.getKey().equals("p50")).findFirst().orElseThrow().getValue().toString()).isEqualTo("20.0");
+      new MemoryEngineTest().assertDrills(profile);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Advertise selected capabilities while retaining the fixture's actual actions.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   private void capabilities(Set<AggregateCapability> supported)
+   {
+      LimitedMemoryBackend.supported = supported;
+      QBackendModuleDispatcher.registerBackendModule(new LimitedMemoryBackend());
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Public no-argument backend class required by the module dispatcher.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public static class LimitedMemoryBackend extends MemoryBackendModule
+   {
+      private static Set<AggregateCapability> supported = Set.of();
+
+      /*******************************************************************************
+       ** Retain real memory execution with a deliberately reduced feature set.
+       *******************************************************************************/
+      @Override
+      public AggregateInterface getAggregateInterface()
+      {
+         return (new MemoryAggregateAction()
+         {
+            @Override
+            public Set<AggregateCapability> getSupportedCapabilities(AggregateInput input)
+            {
+               return (supported);
+            }
+         });
+      }
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Core fallback limits never produce a falsely exact pivot drill.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void partialPivotDisablesDrills() throws Exception
+   {
+      capabilities(Set.of());
+      config.withDefaultMaxRows(3);
+      service.getConfigResolver().invalidate();
+      var request = new com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.PivotRequest().withTableName("orders")
+         .withRows(java.util.List.of(new com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.PivotDimension().withField("created")
+            .withDateBucket(com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.aggregate.DateBucketUnit.DAY)))
+         .withValues(java.util.List.of(new com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.PivotMeasure().withField("amount")
+            .withOperator(com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.PivotMeasure.Operator.PERCENTILE).withPercentile(new java.math.BigDecimal("0.5"))));
+      var result = service.pivot(request);
+      assertThat(result.getEstimate()).isTrue();
+      assertThat(result.getWarnings()).anyMatch(w -> w.startsWith("Partial pivot"));
+      assertThat(result.getCells()).isNotEmpty().allSatisfy(c -> assertThat(c.getValues()).allSatisfy(m ->
+      {
+         assertThat(m.getDrill()).isNull();
+         assertThat(m.getEstimate()).isTrue();
+      }));
+   }
+}

src/test/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/DataAnalysisApiTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,455 @@
+/*
+ * QQQ - Low-code Application Framework for Engineers.
+ * Copyright (C) 2021-2025.  Kingsrook, LLC
+ * 651 N Broad St Ste 205 # 6917 | Middletown DE 19709 | United States
+ * contact@kingsrook.com
+ * https://github.com/Kingsrook/
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis;
+
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonNode;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.api.DataAnalysisApi;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.instances.AbstractQQQApplication;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.QInstance;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.authentication.QAuthenticationMetaData;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.QAuthenticationType;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.code.QCodeReference;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.session.QSession;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.modules.authentication.QAuthenticationModuleCustomizerInterface;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.middleware.javalin.QApplicationJavalinServer;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.middleware.javalin.QJavalinImplementation;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.middleware.javalin.specs.invoke.UiApiInvoker;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.middleware.javalin.specs.invoke.UiApiRequest;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.middleware.javalin.specs.v1.MiddlewareVersionV1;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.middleware.javalin.tools.UiApiContract;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.openapi.model.HttpMethod;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ ** Real HTTP session, schema and drill round-trip acceptance tests.
+ *******************************************************************************/
+class DataAnalysisApiTest extends EngineFixture
+{
+   private QApplicationJavalinServer server;
+   private UiApiInvoker invoker;
+   private String caller = "analysis-user";
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Give MOCK sessions only the grants represented by their caller cookie.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public static class Sessions implements QAuthenticationModuleCustomizerInterface
+   {
+      /*******************************************************************************
+       ** Build the host's ordinary user permission and record-lock policy.
+       *******************************************************************************/
+      @Override
+      public void customizeSession(QInstance instance, QSession session, Map<String, Object> context)
+      {
+         QSession grants = TestSupport.admin().withPermissions("orders.read", "customer.read").withSecurityKeyValue("orders.all", true);
+         session.setPermissions(grants.getPermissions());
+         session.setSecurityKeyValues(grants.getSecurityKeyValues());
+         if(!"denied".equals(session.getUuid()))
+         {
+            session.withPermission("orders.analyze");
+         }
+         session.withSecurityKeyValue("data_analysis_user", session.getUser().getIdReference());
+         if(session.getUuid().startsWith("watch-"))
+         {
+            session.getSecurityKeyValues().remove("data_analysis.admin");
+         }
+      }
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Start on an OS-selected port using the actual spec router and authentication.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   private void start() throws Exception
+   {
+      instance.withInstanceDefaultAuthentication(new QAuthenticationMetaData().withName("http-test").withType(QAuthenticationType.MOCK)
+         .withCustomizer(new QCodeReference(Sessions.class)));
+      QInstance fixture = instance;
+      server = new QApplicationJavalinServer(new AbstractQQQApplication()
+      {
+         @Override
+         public QInstance defineQInstance()
+         {
+            return (fixture);
+         }
+      }).withPort(0).withServeFrontendNext(false).withServeFrontendMaterialDashboard(false)
+         .withServeLegacyUnversionedMiddlewareAPI(false).withStrictUiApiRoutes(true);
+      server.start();
+      invoker = UiApiInvoker.forServer(server);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Stop the server before the fixture releases context.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   @AfterEach
+   void stop()
+   {
+      if(server != null)
+      {
+         server.stop();
+      }
+      QJavalinImplementation.setSessionCookieHttpOnly(false);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Invoke through loopback, forwarding the actual session cookie.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   private JsonNode call(HttpMethod method, String path, Object body, int status) throws Exception
+   {
+      var request = new UiApiRequest().withMethod(method).withPath(DataAnalysisApi.PREFIX + path)
+         .withPathParam("table", "orders").withSessionUUID(caller).withUserTimezone("America/Chicago");
+      if(body != null)
+      {
+         request.withJsonBody(body);
+      }
+      var response = invoker.invoke(request);
+      assertThat(response.getStatus()).as(response.getBody()).isEqualTo(status);
+      return (response.getJson());
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** All operations, assistant discovery, OpenAPI and count-drill equivalence.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void happyPathsAndDrills() throws Exception
+   {
+      start();
+      JsonNode capabilities = call(HttpMethod.GET, "/tables/{table}/capabilities", null, 200);
+      assertThat(capabilities.path("canAnalyze").asBoolean()).isTrue();
+      assertThat(capabilities.path("backendCapabilities").toString()).contains("NUMERIC_BUCKET");
+      assertThat(capabilities.path("fields").toString()).doesNotContain("secret").contains("CATEGORY", "HISTOGRAM");
+      for(String field : List.of("amount", "note", "created", "order_date", "paid", "status"))
+      {
+         checkDrills(call(HttpMethod.POST, "/tables/{table}/column-profile", Map.of("fieldName", field), 200));
+      }
+      checkDrills(call(HttpMethod.POST, "/tables/{table}/column-profile", Map.of("fieldName", "amount", "filter",
+         Map.of("criteria", List.of(Map.of("fieldName", "created", "operator", "EQUALS", "values", List.of("2026-01-01T12:00:00Z"))))), 200));
+      checkDrills(call(HttpMethod.POST, "/tables/{table}/distinct-values", Map.of("fieldName", "status", "pageSize", 1), 200));
+      checkDrills(call(HttpMethod.POST, "/tables/{table}/table-profile", Map.of("fields", List.of("amount", "note")), 200));
+      checkDrills(call(HttpMethod.POST, "/tables/{table}/duplicates", Map.of("fields", List.of("quantity"), "limit", 2), 200));
+      for(String operation : List.of("COLUMN_PROFILE", "TABLE_PROFILE"))
+      {
+         JsonNode started = call(HttpMethod.POST, "/runs", Map.of("operation", operation, "tableName", "orders", "request",
+            operation.equals("COLUMN_PROFILE") ? Map.of("fieldName", "quantity") : Map.of("fields", List.of("paid"))), 200);
+         JsonNode run = null;
+         for(int i = 0; i < 100; i++)
+         {
+            var response = invoker.invoke(new UiApiRequest().withMethod(HttpMethod.GET).withPath(DataAnalysisApi.PREFIX + "/runs/{runId}")
+               .withPathParam("runId", started.path("runId").asText()).withSessionUUID(caller).withUserTimezone("America/Chicago"));
+            assertThat(response.getStatus()).as(response.getBody()).isEqualTo(200);
+            run = response.getJson();
+            if(!run.path("status").asText().equals("RUNNING"))
+            {
+               break;
+            }
+            Thread.sleep(20);
+         }
+         assertThat(run.path("status").asText()).isEqualTo("COMPLETE");
+         var denied = invoker.invoke(new UiApiRequest().withMethod(HttpMethod.GET).withPath(DataAnalysisApi.PREFIX + "/runs/{runId}")
+            .withPathParam("runId", started.path("runId").asText()).withSessionUUID("another-owner"));
+         assertThat(denied.getStatus()).isEqualTo(403);
+         assertThat(run.path(operation.equals("COLUMN_PROFILE") ? "columnProfile" : "tableProfile").isObject()).isTrue();
+      }
+      assertThat(invoker.listOperations().stream().filter(o -> o.pathTemplate().startsWith(DataAnalysisApi.PREFIX)).toList()).hasSize(14);
+      var client = java.net.http.HttpClient.newHttpClient();
+      var response = client.send(java.net.http.HttpRequest.newBuilder(java.net.URI.create("http://127.0.0.1:" + server.getBoundPort() + "/qqq/v1/openapi.json")).build(), java.net.http.HttpResponse.BodyHandlers.ofString());
+      assertThat(response.statusCode()).isEqualTo(200);
+      JsonNode api = new ObjectMapper().readTree(response.body());
+      assertThat(api.path("paths").has("/qqq/v1/qbit/data-analysis/tables/{table}/column-profile")).isTrue();
+      assertThat(api.path("components").path("schemas").has("DataAnalysisMetricV1")).isTrue();
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Estimate payloads preserve exact totals and send drills to all matching rows.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void estimateDrills() throws Exception
+   {
+      config.withDefaultSampleThresholdRows(2).withDefaultSampleRows(4);
+      instance.withSupplementalMetaData(new DataAnalysisRuntime(config));
+      start();
+      JsonNode profile = call(HttpMethod.POST, "/tables/{table}/column-profile", Map.of("fieldName", "amount"), 200);
+      assertThat(profile.path("estimate").asBoolean()).isTrue();
+      assertThat(profile.path("sampleRows").asLong()).isEqualTo(4);
+      JsonNode rows = profile.path("counts").get(0);
+      assertThat(rows.path("value").asLong()).isEqualTo(12);
+      assertThat(rows.path("estimate").asBoolean()).isFalse();
+      assertThat(profile.path("counts").get(1).path("formatted").asText()).startsWith("≈ ");
+      assertThat(profile.toString()).doesNotContain("\"operator\":\"IN\"");
+      var response = invoker.invoke(new UiApiRequest().withMethod(HttpMethod.POST).withPath("/table/{tableName}/count")
+         .withPathParam("tableName", "orders").withJsonBody(Map.of("filter", rows.path("drill").path("filter")))
+         .withSessionUUID(caller).withUserTimezone("America/Chicago"));
+      assertThat(response.getStatus()).isEqualTo(200);
+      assertThat(response.getJson().path("count").asLong()).isEqualTo(12);
+      checkDrills(profile);
+      JsonNode table = call(HttpMethod.POST, "/tables/{table}/table-profile", Map.of("fields", List.of("amount", "quantity")), 200);
+      assertThat(table.path("estimate").asBoolean()).isTrue();
+      assertThat(table.path("rowCount").path("value").asLong()).isEqualTo(12);
+      checkDrills(table);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Recursively post returned count drills to the core count endpoint.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   private void checkDrills(JsonNode node) throws Exception
+   {
+      if(node.path("estimate").asBoolean(false))
+      {
+         return;
+      }
+      if(node.isObject() && node.hasNonNull("drill"))
+      {
+         JsonNode expected = node.has("count") ? node.get("count") : node.has("y") ? node.get("y") : "COUNT".equals(node.path("valueType").asText()) ? node.get("value") : null;
+         if(expected != null && expected.isNumber())
+         {
+            JsonNode drill = node.get("drill");
+            var response = invoker.invoke(new UiApiRequest().withMethod(HttpMethod.POST).withPath("/table/{tableName}/count")
+               .withPathParam("tableName", drill.path("tableName").asText()).withJsonBody(Map.of("filter", drill.get("filter"))).withSessionUUID(caller).withUserTimezone("America/Chicago"));
+            assertThat(response.getStatus()).as(response.getBody()).isEqualTo(200);
+            assertThat(response.getJson().path("count").asLong()).as(drill.toString()).isEqualTo(expected.asLong());
+         }
+      }
+      if(node.isContainerNode())
+      {
+         for(JsonNode child : node)
+         {
+            checkDrills(child);
+         }
+      }
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Denials, locked fields, missing tables and malformed request bodies.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void errors() throws Exception
+   {
+      start();
+      call(HttpMethod.POST, "/tables/{table}/column-profile", Map.of("fieldName", "secret"), 400);
+      call(HttpMethod.POST, "/tables/{table}/column-profile", Map.of("fieldName", "missing"), 400);
+      call(HttpMethod.POST, "/tables/{table}/column-profile", Map.of(), 400);
+      call(HttpMethod.POST, "/tables/{table}/column-profile", Map.of("fieldName", 1), 400);
+      call(HttpMethod.POST, "/tables/{table}/column-profile", Map.of("fieldName", "amount", "exact", "yes"), 400);
+      call(HttpMethod.POST, "/tables/{table}/distinct-values", Map.of("fieldName", "note", "pageSize", 0), 400);
+      call(HttpMethod.POST, "/tables/{table}/duplicates", Map.of("fields", List.of()), 400);
+      call(HttpMethod.POST, "/tables/{table}/table-profile", Map.of("fields", "amount"), 400);
+      call(HttpMethod.POST, "/runs", Map.of("operation", "PIVOT"), 400);
+      call(HttpMethod.POST, "/runs", com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.node.NullNode.getInstance(), 400);
+      call(HttpMethod.POST, "/tables/{table}/column-profile", Map.of("fieldName", "amount", "filter",
+         Map.of("criteria", List.of(Map.of("fieldName", "secret", "operator", "EQUALS", "values", List.of("hidden"))))), 403);
+      var absent = invoker.invoke(new UiApiRequest().withMethod(HttpMethod.GET).withPath(DataAnalysisApi.PREFIX + "/tables/{table}/capabilities")
+         .withPathParam("table", "missing").withSessionUUID(caller).withUserTimezone("America/Chicago"));
+      assertThat(absent.getStatus()).isEqualTo(404);
+      caller = "denied";
+      assertThat(call(HttpMethod.GET, "/tables/{table}/capabilities", null, 200).path("canAnalyze").asBoolean()).isFalse();
+      call(HttpMethod.POST, "/tables/{table}/column-profile", Map.of("fieldName", "amount"), 403);
+      call(HttpMethod.POST, "/tables/{table}/distinct-values", Map.of("fieldName", "amount"), 403);
+      call(HttpMethod.POST, "/tables/{table}/table-profile", Map.of(), 403);
+      call(HttpMethod.POST, "/tables/{table}/duplicates", Map.of("fields", List.of("amount")), 403);
+      call(HttpMethod.POST, "/runs", Map.of("operation", "COLUMN_PROFILE", "tableName", "orders", "request", Map.of("fieldName", "amount")), 403);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Generated fragment is committed verbatim and has all fourteen operations.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void contract() throws Exception
+   {
+      MiddlewareVersionV1 version = new MiddlewareVersionV1();
+      version.setQInstance(instance);
+      String yaml = UiApiContract.generateExtensionYaml(version, DataAnalysisApi.extension());
+      Path path = Path.of("src/main/resources/openapi/qqq-v1/data-analysis.yaml");
+      if(Boolean.getBoolean("openapi.write"))
+      {
+         Files.createDirectories(path.getParent());
+         Files.writeString(path, yaml);
+      }
+      assertThat(Files.exists(path)).as("Regenerate with ./mvnw -o test -Dtest=DataAnalysisApiTest#contract -Dopenapi.write=true -Dqqq.snapshot.version=4.1.0-DATAANALYSIS-SNAPSHOT").isTrue();
+      assertThat(Files.readString(path).replace("\r\n", "\n")).as("OpenAPI changed: regenerate with -Dopenapi.write=true").isEqualTo(yaml.replace("\r\n", "\n"));
+   }
+   @Test
+   void pivotHttp() throws Exception
+   {
+      start();
+      var body = Map.of("rows", List.of(Map.of("field", "status")), "columns", List.of(Map.of("field", "customer")),
+         "values", List.of(Map.of("operator", "COUNT")));
+      JsonNode result = call(HttpMethod.POST, "/tables/{table}/pivot", body, 200);
+      assertThat(result.path("cells").size()).isEqualTo(4);
+      checkDrills(result);
+      checkDrills(call(HttpMethod.POST, "/tables/{table}/pivot", Map.of("rows", List.of(Map.of("field", "paid")),
+         "values", List.of(Map.of("operator", "COUNT")), "limitGroups", 1), 200));
+      for(String field : List.of("note", "amount", "quantity"))
+      {
+         checkDrills(call(HttpMethod.POST, "/tables/{table}/pivot", Map.of("rows", List.of(Map.of("field", field)),
+            "values", List.of(Map.of("operator", "COUNT")), "limitGroups", 1), 200));
+      }
+      for(String unit : List.of("DAY", "HOUR", "DAY_OF_WEEK", "HOUR_OF_DAY"))
+      {
+         checkDrills(call(HttpMethod.POST, "/tables/{table}/pivot", Map.of("rows", List.of(Map.of("field", "created", "dateBucket", unit)),
+            "values", List.of(Map.of("operator", "COUNT"))), 200));
+      }
+      checkDrills(call(HttpMethod.POST, "/tables/{table}/pivot", Map.of("rows", List.of(Map.of("field", "amount", "numericBins", Map.of("count", 10))),
+         "values", List.of(Map.of("operator", "COUNT"))), 200));
+      for(String field : List.of("secret", "missing"))
+      {
+         call(HttpMethod.POST, "/tables/{table}/pivot", Map.of("rows", List.of(Map.of("field", field)), "values", List.of(Map.of("operator", "COUNT"))), 400);
+         call(HttpMethod.POST, "/tables/{table}/pivot", Map.of("rows", List.of(Map.of("field", "status")), "values", List.of(Map.of("operator", "MIN", "field", field))), 400);
+      }
+      call(HttpMethod.POST, "/tables/{table}/pivot", Map.of(), 400);
+      call(HttpMethod.POST, "/tables/{table}/pivot", Map.of("rows", "status", "values", List.of(Map.of("operator", "COUNT"))), 400);
+      call(HttpMethod.POST, "/tables/{table}/pivot", Map.of("rows", List.of(Map.of("field", "status")), "values", List.of(Map.of("operator", "COUNT")), "limitGroups", 1.5), 400);
+      caller = "denied";
+      call(HttpMethod.POST, "/tables/{table}/pivot", body, 403);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Exercise all five relationship endpoints and count drills.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void relationshipHttp() throws Exception
+   {
+      start();
+      JsonNode compare = call(HttpMethod.POST, "/tables/{table}/compare", Map.of("fields", List.of("amount", "status"), "labelA", "Selected", "labelB", "All"), 200);
+      assertThat(compare.path("fields").size()).isEqualTo(2);
+      assertThat(compare.path("fields").get(0).path("values").get(0).path("sideA").path("label").asText()).isEqualTo("Selected");
+      relationshipCountDrills(compare);
+      JsonNode shift = call(HttpMethod.POST, "/tables/{table}/shift", Map.of("field", "status", "dateField", "order_date", "bucket", "DAY"), 200);
+      assertThat(shift.path("psi").path("value").asDouble()).isZero();
+      relationshipCountDrills(shift);
+      JsonNode correlation = call(HttpMethod.POST, "/tables/{table}/correlation", Map.of("fields", List.of("amount", "quantity")), 200);
+      assertThat(correlation.path("cells").size()).isEqualTo(4);
+      assertThat(correlation.path("cells").get(1).path("n").asLong()).isEqualTo(11);
+      JsonNode scatter = call(HttpMethod.POST, "/tables/{table}/scatter", Map.of("xField", "id", "yField", "amount", "limit", 3), 200);
+      assertThat(scatter.path("sampleSize").asInt()).isEqualTo(3);
+      assertThat(scatter.path("trend").path("slope").asDouble()).isEqualTo(10);
+      for(JsonNode point : scatter.path("points"))
+      {
+         JsonNode drill = point.path("drill");
+         var response = invoker.invoke(new UiApiRequest().withMethod(HttpMethod.POST).withPath("/table/{tableName}/count")
+            .withPathParam("tableName", "orders").withJsonBody(Map.of("filter", drill.get("filter"))).withSessionUUID(caller));
+         assertThat(response.getStatus()).isEqualTo(200);
+         assertThat(response.getJson().path("count").asLong()).isEqualTo(1);
+      }
+      relationshipCountDrills(call(HttpMethod.POST, "/tables/{table}/crosstab", Map.of("rowField", "status", "columnField", "customer"), 200));
+      // All new schemas are discoverable from the same served OpenAPI catalog.
+      assertThat(com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.api.DataAnalysisApi.extension().getSemanticVersion()).isEqualTo("1.3.0");
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Exercise all five relationship endpoints and count drills.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Verify strict request validation, privacy and authorization over HTTP.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void relationshipHttpErrorsAndPrivacy() throws Exception
+   {
+      config.withDefaultMinGroupSize(20);
+      instance.withSupplementalMetaData(new DataAnalysisRuntime(config));
+      start();
+      var requests = Map.of("compare", Map.of("fields", List.of("amount")), "shift", Map.of("field", "status", "dateField", "order_date"),
+         "correlation", Map.of("fields", List.of("amount", "quantity")), "scatter", Map.of("xField", "id", "yField", "amount"),
+         "crosstab", Map.of("rowField", "status", "columnField", "customer"));
+      assertThat(call(HttpMethod.POST, "/tables/{table}/scatter", requests.get("scatter"), 200).path("points").size()).isZero();
+      for(String field : List.of("secret", "missing"))
+      {
+         call(HttpMethod.POST, "/tables/{table}/compare", Map.of("fields", List.of(field)), 400);
+         call(HttpMethod.POST, "/tables/{table}/shift", Map.of("field", "status", "dateField", field), 400);
+         call(HttpMethod.POST, "/tables/{table}/correlation", Map.of("fields", List.of("id", field)), 400);
+         call(HttpMethod.POST, "/tables/{table}/scatter", Map.of("xField", "id", "yField", field), 400);
+         call(HttpMethod.POST, "/tables/{table}/crosstab", Map.of("rowField", "status", "columnField", field), 400);
+      }
+      call(HttpMethod.POST, "/tables/{table}/compare", Map.of("fields", "amount"), 400);
+      call(HttpMethod.POST, "/tables/{table}/compare", Map.of("fields", List.of("amount"), "filterA", "bad"), 400);
+      call(HttpMethod.POST, "/tables/{table}/compare", Map.of("fields", List.of("amount"), "labelA", 7), 400);
+      call(HttpMethod.POST, "/tables/{table}/scatter", Map.of("xField", "id", "yField", "amount", "limit", 2.5), 400);
+      call(HttpMethod.POST, "/tables/{table}/scatter", Map.of("xField", "id", "yField", "amount", "limit", 2001), 400);
+      call(HttpMethod.POST, "/tables/{table}/correlation", Map.of("fields", List.of("id")), 400);
+      call(HttpMethod.POST, "/tables/{table}/correlation", Map.of("fields", List.of("id", "id")), 400);
+      call(HttpMethod.POST, "/tables/{table}/shift", Map.of("field", "amount", "dateField", "order_date", "bucket", "BAD"), 400);
+      call(HttpMethod.POST, "/tables/{table}/crosstab", Map.of("rowField", "status", "columnField", "customer", "limit", 21), 400);
+      for(String operation : requests.keySet())
+      {
+         call(HttpMethod.POST, "/tables/{table}/" + operation, Map.of(), 400);
+      }
+      caller = "denied";
+      for(var request : requests.entrySet())
+      {
+         call(HttpMethod.POST, "/tables/{table}/" + request.getKey(), request.getValue(), 403);
+      }
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Post each released count drill to the actual core count endpoint.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   private void relationshipCountDrills(JsonNode node) throws Exception
+   {
+      if(node.path("valueType").asText().equals("COUNT"))
+      {
+         checkDrills(node);
+      }
+      else if(node.isContainerNode())
+      {
+         for(JsonNode child : node)
+         {
+            relationshipCountDrills(child);
+         }
+      }
+   }
+
+   @Test
+   void watchPreviewOverHttpIsReadOnlyAndOwnerLocked() throws Exception
+   {
+      caller = "watch-owner";
+      String owner = "User:" + Math.floorMod(caller.hashCode(), 10_000);
+      java.time.ZoneId zone = java.time.ZoneId.of("America/Chicago");
+      java.time.LocalDate today = java.time.LocalDate.now(zone);
+      for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
+      {
+         TestSupport.insert("orders", new com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.data.QRecord().withValue("id", 100 + i).withValue("customer", 1)
+            .withValue("created", today.minusDays(i < 2 ? 3 - i : 1).atTime(12, 0).atZone(zone).toInstant()));
+      }
+      var row = TestSupport.insert(com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.model.DataAnalysisTables.WATCH,
+         WatchDetectorsTest.definition("SPIKE", "COUNT", "{\"k\":2}").withValue("owner_user_id", owner));
+      start();
+      var request = new UiApiRequest().withMethod(HttpMethod.POST).withPath(DataAnalysisApi.PREFIX + "/watches/{id}/preview")
+         .withPathParam("id", row.getValueString("id")).withSessionUUID(caller).withUserTimezone("America/Chicago");
+      var response = invoker.invoke(request);
+      assertThat(response.getStatus()).as(response.getBody()).isEqualTo(200);
+      JsonNode json = response.getJson();
+      assertThat(json.path("series").size()).isEqualTo(3);
+      assertThat(json.path("verdict").path("firing").asBoolean()).isTrue();
+      assertThat(json.path("verdict").path("value").asDouble()).isEqualTo(3);
+      assertThat(json.path("chart").path("kind").asText()).isEqualTo("TIME_SERIES");
+      assertThat(json.path("chart").path("annotations").toString()).contains("Baseline band");
+      checkDrills(json);
+      assertThat(com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.watch.WatchRecords.get(com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.model.DataAnalysisTables.WATCH, row.getValue("id")).getValue("last_evaluated_at")).isNull();
+      assertThat(invoker.invoke(request.withSessionUUID("watch-outsider")).getStatus()).isEqualTo(404);
+      assertThat(invoker.invoke(request.withSessionUUID("denied")).getStatus()).isEqualTo(403);
+      assertThat(invoker.invoke(request.withSessionUUID(caller).withPathParam("id", "99999")).getStatus()).isEqualTo(404);
+      assertThat(invoker.invoke(request.withPathParam("id", "invalid")).getStatus()).isEqualTo(400);
+   }
+}

src/test/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/DataAnalysisHomeTest.java

@@ -33,7 +33,6 @@ import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.session.QSession;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
-import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThatThrownBy;
 
 
 /*******************************************************************************
@@ -62,8 +61,12 @@ class DataAnalysisHomeTest
       QContext.init(instance, TestSupport.user("alice").withPermissions("data_analysis.saved.read", "data_analysis.watch.read", "data_analysis.run.read"));
       String html = DataAnalysisHome.render(Instant.now());
       assertThat(html).contains("Mine: 0", "Starred by me: 0", "No saved analyses yet",
-         "No active watches", "No completed or failed runs", "View all");
-      assertThat(new DataAnalysisHome().render(new RenderWidgetInput())).isNotNull();
+         "No watches yet.", "No analysis runs yet.", "View all", "Open any table and choose Analyze on a column header to explore its data.", "<h3>");
+      var widget = new DataAnalysisHome().render(new RenderWidgetInput()).getWidgetData();
+      assertThat(widget).isInstanceOf(com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.dashboard.widgets.RawHTML.class);
+      assertThat(((com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.dashboard.widgets.RawHTML) widget).getType()).isEqualTo("html");
+      assertThat(html).contains("&middot;").doesNotContain("Â", "later", "phase", "<table", "color:", "width:360", "width: 360");
+      assertThat(html.chars().allMatch(c -> c < 128)).isTrue();
       QContext.init(instance, TestSupport.user("alice"));
       html = DataAnalysisHome.render(Instant.now());
       assertThat(html).contains("you need data_analysis.saved.read", "you need data_analysis.watch.read").doesNotContain("Mine: 0", "Complete: 0");
@@ -87,9 +90,9 @@ class DataAnalysisHomeTest
       TestSupport.insert(DataAnalysisTables.SAVED_STAR, new QRecord().withValue("saved_id", mine.getValue("id")).withValue("user_id", "alice"));
       TestSupport.insert(DataAnalysisTables.SAVED_STAR, new QRecord().withValue("saved_id", bob.getValue("id")).withValue("user_id", "alice"));
       TestSupport.insert(DataAnalysisTables.SAVED_STAR, new QRecord().withValue("saved_id", mine.getValue("id")).withValue("user_id", "bob"));
-      TestSupport.insert(DataAnalysisTables.WATCH, new QRecord().withValue("detector", "SPIKE").withValue("enabled", true).withValue("state", "FIRING"));
-      TestSupport.insert(DataAnalysisTables.WATCH, new QRecord().withValue("detector", "DROP").withValue("enabled", true));
-      TestSupport.insert(DataAnalysisTables.WATCH, new QRecord().withValue("detector", "DROP").withValue("enabled", false));
+      TestSupport.insert(DataAnalysisTables.WATCH, WatchDetectorsTest.definition("SPIKE", "COUNT", null).withValue("enabled", true).withValue("state", "FIRING"));
+      TestSupport.insert(DataAnalysisTables.WATCH, WatchDetectorsTest.definition("DROP", "COUNT", null).withValue("enabled", true));
+      TestSupport.insert(DataAnalysisTables.WATCH, WatchDetectorsTest.definition("DROP", "COUNT", null).withValue("enabled", false));
       run("alice", "COMPLETE", now);
       run("alice", "COMPLETE", now.minus(7, ChronoUnit.DAYS));
       run("alice", "FAILED", now.minus(1, ChronoUnit.DAYS));
@@ -99,11 +102,39 @@ class DataAnalysisHomeTest
       run("bob", "FAILED", now);
       QContext.init(instance, TestSupport.user("alice").withPermissions("data_analysis.saved.read", "data_analysis.watch.read", "data_analysis.run.read"));
       String html = DataAnalysisHome.render(now);
-      assertThat(html).contains("Mine: 2", "Shared (visible to you): 1", "Starred by me: 1", "Enabled: 2", "Firing: 1", "Complete: 2", "Failed: 1")
-         .doesNotContain("No saved analyses", "No active watches", "No completed or failed runs");
+      assertThat(html).contains("Mine: 2", "Shared (visible to you): 1", "Starred by me: 1", "Enabled: 2", "Firing: 1", "Recent analysis runs", "Complete", "Failed", "Running", "Not finished")
+         .doesNotContain("No saved analyses", "No watches yet", "No analysis runs yet");
       QContext.init(instance, TestSupport.user("bob").withPermissions("data_analysis.saved.read", "data_analysis.run.read"));
       html = DataAnalysisHome.render(now);
-      assertThat(html).contains("Mine: 1", "Shared (visible to you): 1", "Starred by me: 0", "Complete: 0", "Failed: 1", "you need data_analysis.watch.read");
+      assertThat(html).contains("Mine: 1", "Shared (visible to you): 1", "Starred by me: 0", "Failed", "you need data_analysis.watch.read");
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Latest five remain owner-scoped even with administrator bypass and escape HTML.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void recentRunDetailsAndLimit() throws Exception
+   {
+      QInstance instance = TestSupport.instance();
+      instance.getTable(DataAnalysisTables.SAVED).withLabel("Saved <analysis> & review");
+      Instant now = Instant.parse("2026-10-13T23:10:00Z");
+      for(int i = 0; i < 7; i++)
+      {
+         TestSupport.insert(DataAnalysisTables.RUN, new QRecord().withValue("table_name", DataAnalysisTables.SAVED)
+            .withValue("operation", "COLUMN_PROFILE").withValue("user_id", "admin").withValue("status", "COMPLETE")
+            .withValue("started_at", now.minusSeconds(i * 60L)).withValue("finished_at", now.minusSeconds(i * 60L)));
+      }
+      TestSupport.insert(DataAnalysisTables.RUN, new QRecord().withValue("table_name", "private_bob_table")
+         .withValue("operation", "TABLE_PROFILE").withValue("user_id", "bob").withValue("status", "FAILED").withValue("started_at", now));
+      QContext.init(instance, TestSupport.admin().withValue(QSession.VALUE_KEY_USER_TIMEZONE, "America/Chicago"));
+      String html = DataAnalysisHome.render(now);
+      assertThat(html).contains("Saved &lt;analysis&gt; &amp; review", "Column Profile", "2026-10-13 18:10", "2026-10-13 18:06", "<ul", "<dl")
+         .doesNotContain("private_bob_table", "2026-10-13 18:05", "<analysis>");
+      assertThat(html.split("<li>", -1)).hasSize(6);
+      assertThat(html).contains("href=\"" + instance.getTablePath(DataAnalysisTables.RUN) + "/1\"");
+      assertThat(html).contains("href=\"" + instance.getTablePath(DataAnalysisTables.RUN) + "\">View all</a>");
    }
 
 
@@ -113,7 +144,7 @@ class DataAnalysisHomeTest
     *******************************************************************************/
    private static void run(String user, String status, Instant started) throws Exception
    {
-      TestSupport.insert(DataAnalysisTables.RUN, new QRecord().withValue("table_name", "orders").withValue("operation", "profile")
+      TestSupport.insert(DataAnalysisTables.RUN, new QRecord().withValue("table_name", "orders").withValue("operation", "COLUMN_PROFILE")
          .withValue("user_id", user).withValue("status", status).withValue("started_at", started));
    }
 }

src/test/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/DataAnalysisMetadataTest.java

@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ class DataAnalysisMetadataTest
       QInstance instance = TestSupport.instance();
       new QInstanceValidator().validate(instance);
       assertThat(instance.getTables()).containsOnlyKeys(DataAnalysisTables.ALL);
-      assertThat(instance.getPossibleValueSources().keySet().stream().filter(name -> name.startsWith("data_analysis_"))).hasSize(13);
+      assertThat(instance.getPossibleValueSources().keySet().stream().filter(name -> name.startsWith("data_analysis_"))).hasSize(16);
       assertThat(instance.getJoins()).hasSize(3);
       assertThat(instance.getWidgets()).hasSize(4).containsKey(DataAnalysisHome.HOME_WIDGET);
       assertThat(instance.getApp("dataAnalysis").getSections().getFirst().getProcesses()).isNullOrEmpty();
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ class DataAnalysisMetadataTest
       }
       assertThat(ddl).contains("id INTEGER GENERATED BY DEFAULT AS IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY", "create_date TIMESTAMP WITHOUT TIME ZONE",
          "modify_date TIMESTAMP WITHOUT TIME ZONE", "rows_scanned BIGINT", "result_json TEXT", "shared BOOLEAN", "day INTEGER",
-         "owner_user_id VARCHAR(250) NOT NULL", "CREATE UNIQUE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS uq_data_analysis_table_config_1 ON data_analysis_table_config (table_name)",
+         "owner_user_id VARCHAR(250) NOT NULL", "date_field VARCHAR(250) NOT NULL", "last_value NUMERIC", "last_message TEXT", "CREATE UNIQUE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS uq_data_analysis_table_config_1 ON data_analysis_table_config (table_name)",
          "CREATE UNIQUE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS uq_data_analysis_saved_star_1 ON data_analysis_saved_star (saved_id, user_id)");
       assertThat(ddl).endsWith(";\n");
    }

src/test/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/DataAnalysisPossibleValuesTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+/*
+ * QQQ - Low-code Application Framework for Engineers.
+ * Copyright (C) 2021-2025.  Kingsrook, LLC
+ * 651 N Broad St Ste 205 # 6917 | Middletown DE 19709 | United States
+ * contact@kingsrook.com
+ * https://github.com/Kingsrook/
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+
+package com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis;
+
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.engine.EffectiveConfigResolver;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.model.DataAnalysisFieldPossibleValueProvider;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.model.DataAnalysisTables;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.actions.values.SearchPossibleValueSourceAction;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.context.QContext;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.values.SearchPossibleValueSourceInput;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.data.QRecord;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.QInstance;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.fields.QFieldMetaData;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.fields.QFieldType;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.possiblevalues.PossibleValueSearchFilterUseCase;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.possiblevalues.QPossibleValue;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.possiblevalues.QPossibleValueSourceType;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.tables.QTableMetaData;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ ** Dependent possible values through the same search inputs used by form requests.
+ *******************************************************************************/
+class DataAnalysisPossibleValuesTest
+{
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Release the request context.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   @AfterEach
+   void cleanup()
+   {
+      QContext.clear();
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** The watch table selection filters saved analyses without widening owner locks.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void watchSavedAnalysisDependsOnTable() throws Exception
+   {
+      QInstance instance = TestSupport.instance();
+      QRecord orders = TestSupport.insert(DataAnalysisTables.SAVED, TestSupport.saved("alice", false));
+      QRecord customers = TestSupport.insert(DataAnalysisTables.SAVED, TestSupport.saved("alice", false).withValue("table_name", "customers"));
+      TestSupport.insert(DataAnalysisTables.SAVED, TestSupport.saved("bob", true));
+      QContext.init(instance, TestSupport.user("alice").withPermissions("data_analysis.saved.read", "data_analysis.watch.edit"));
+      QFieldMetaData field = instance.getTable(DataAnalysisTables.WATCH).getField("saved_id");
+      assertThat(search(field, Map.of("table_name", "orders"))).extracting(value -> (Object) value.getId()).containsExactly(orders.getValueInteger("id"));
+      assertThat(search(field, Map.of("table_name", "customers"))).extracting(value -> (Object) value.getId()).containsExactly(customers.getValueInteger("id"));
+      assertThat(search(field, Map.of())).isEmpty();
+      assertThat(search(field, Map.of("table_name", "missing"))).isEmpty();
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** All four table references use the core source, including host-owned sources.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void tableNamesUseCoreTablesSource() throws Exception
+   {
+      QInstance instance = TestSupport.instance();
+      instance.addTable(new QTableMetaData().withName("orders").withLabel("Orders"));
+      for(String tableName : List.of(DataAnalysisTables.TABLE_CONFIG, DataAnalysisTables.SAVED, DataAnalysisTables.WATCH, DataAnalysisTables.RUN))
+      {
+         QFieldMetaData field = instance.getTable(tableName).getField("table_name");
+         assertThat(field.getPossibleValueSourceName()).isEqualTo("tables");
+         assertThat(search(field, Map.of())).extracting(value -> value.getId().toString()).containsExactlyInAnyOrderElementsOf(instance.getTables().keySet());
+      }
+      var hostSource = instance.getPossibleValueSource("tables").withLabel("Host tables");
+      QInstance host = new QInstance();
+      host.addBackend(instance.getBackend("memory"));
+      host.addPossibleValueSource(hostSource);
+      new DataAnalysisQBitProducer().withQBitConfig(new DataAnalysisQBitConfig().withBackendName("memory")).produce(host);
+      assertThat(host.getPossibleValueSource("tables")).isSameAs(hostSource);
+      assertThat(host.getPossibleValueSource("tables").getLabel()).isEqualTo("Host tables");
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Both CSV settings offer only selected-table fields and retain CSV parsing.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void fieldPickersDependOnTableAndKeepCsvStorage() throws Exception
+   {
+      QInstance instance = TestSupport.instance();
+      instance.addTable(new QTableMetaData().withName("orders").withLabel("Orders")
+         .withField(new QFieldMetaData("amount", QFieldType.DECIMAL).withLabel("Order total"))
+         .withField(new QFieldMetaData("status", QFieldType.STRING)));
+      instance.addTable(new QTableMetaData().withName("customers").withLabel("Customers")
+         .withField(new QFieldMetaData("email", QFieldType.STRING).withLabel("Email")));
+      for(String fieldName : List.of("analyzable_fields", "excluded_fields"))
+      {
+         QFieldMetaData field = instance.getTable(DataAnalysisTables.TABLE_CONFIG).getField(fieldName);
+         assertThat(field.getType()).isEqualTo(QFieldType.TEXT);
+         assertThat(instance.getPossibleValueSource(field.getPossibleValueSourceName()).getType()).isEqualTo(QPossibleValueSourceType.CUSTOM);
+         assertThat(search(field, Map.of("table_name", "orders"))).extracting(value -> (Object) value.getId()).containsExactly("amount", "status");
+         assertThat(search(field, Map.of("table_name", "orders"))).extracting(QPossibleValue::getLabel).containsExactly("Order total (amount)", "status (status)");
+         assertThat(search(field, Map.of("table_name", "customers"))).extracting(value -> (Object) value.getId()).containsExactly("email");
+         assertThat(search(field, Map.of())).isEmpty();
+         assertThat(search(field, Map.of("table_name", ""))).isEmpty();
+         assertThat(search(field, Map.of("table_name", "missing"))).isEmpty();
+         assertThat(search(field, null)).isEmpty();
+      }
+      SearchPossibleValueSourceInput input = new SearchPossibleValueSourceInput().withPossibleValueSourceName(DataAnalysisFieldPossibleValueProvider.NAME)
+         .withOtherValues(Map.of("table_name", "orders")).withSearchTerm("TOTAL");
+      assertThat(new SearchPossibleValueSourceAction().execute(input).getResults()).extracting(value -> (Object) value.getId()).containsExactly("amount");
+      input.withSearchTerm("AMOUNT");
+      assertThat(new SearchPossibleValueSourceAction().execute(input).getResults()).extracting(value -> (Object) value.getId()).containsExactly("amount");
+      input.withIdList(List.of("status", "email"));
+      assertThat(new SearchPossibleValueSourceAction().execute(input).getResults()).extracting(value -> (Object) value.getId()).containsExactly("status");
+      DataAnalysisFieldPossibleValueProvider provider = new DataAnalysisFieldPossibleValueProvider();
+      assertThat(provider.getPossibleValue(null)).isNull();
+      assertThat(provider.getPossibleValue("amount,status").getId()).isEqualTo("amount,status");
+      TestSupport.insert(DataAnalysisTables.TABLE_CONFIG, new QRecord().withValue("table_name", "orders")
+         .withValue("analyzable_fields", "amount, status").withValue("excluded_fields", "status, amount"));
+      var config = new EffectiveConfigResolver(new DataAnalysisQBitConfig().withBackendName("memory")).resolve("orders");
+      assertThat(config.getAnalyzableFields()).containsExactlyInAnyOrder("amount", "status");
+      assertThat(config.getExcludedFields()).containsExactlyInAnyOrder("amount", "status");
+   }
+
+
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Mirror TablePossibleValuesSpecV1: clone and interpret the field filter as FORM.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   private List<QPossibleValue<?>> search(QFieldMetaData field, Map<String, Serializable> otherValues) throws Exception
+   {
+      SearchPossibleValueSourceInput input = new SearchPossibleValueSourceInput()
+         .withPossibleValueSourceName(field.getPossibleValueSourceName()).withOtherValues(otherValues);
+      if(field.getPossibleValueSourceFilter() != null)
+      {
+         var filter = field.getPossibleValueSourceFilter().clone();
+         filter.interpretValues(Map.of("input", otherValues), PossibleValueSearchFilterUseCase.FORM);
+         input.withDefaultQueryFilter(filter);
+      }
+      return (new SearchPossibleValueSourceAction().execute(input).getResults());
+   }
+}

src/test/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/DataAnalysisSecurityTest.java

@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ class DataAnalysisSecurityTest
       instance.withEnforcePermissionsInCoreActions(false);
       assertThat(DataAnalysisPermissions.canAnalyze(table)).isFalse();
       QContext.init(instance, TestSupport.user("alice").withPermission("sales.orders.analyze"));
-      assertThat(DataAnalysisPermissions.canAnalyze(table)).isTrue();
+      assertThat(DataAnalysisPermissions.canAnalyze(table)).isFalse();
       table.withPermissionRules(null);
       instance.withDefaultPermissionRules(new QPermissionRules().withLevel(PermissionLevel.READ_INSERT_EDIT_DELETE_PERMISSIONS).withPermissionBaseName("defaultBase"));
       assertThat(DataAnalysisPermissions.analyzePermissionName(table)).isEqualTo("defaultBase.analyze");
@@ -101,6 +101,29 @@ class DataAnalysisSecurityTest
 
 
 
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** The core permission catalog honors configured inclusion and exclusion.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void analyzeCatalog() throws Exception
+   {
+      QInstance instance = new QInstance().withEnforcePermissionsInCoreActions(true);
+      instance.addBackend(new com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.QBackendMetaData().withName("memory").withBackendType(com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.modules.backend.implementations.memory.MemoryBackendModule.class));
+      for(String name : List.of("orders", "excluded", "outside"))
+      {
+         instance.addTable(new QTableMetaData().withName(name).withLabel(name).withPermissionRules(
+            new QPermissionRules().withLevel(PermissionLevel.READ_INSERT_EDIT_DELETE_PERMISSIONS)));
+      }
+      new DataAnalysisQBitProducer().withQBitConfig(new DataAnalysisQBitConfig().withBackendName("memory")
+         .withIncludeTables(java.util.Set.of("orders", "excluded")).withExcludeTables(java.util.Set.of("excluded"))).produce(instance);
+      assertThat(com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.actions.permissions.PermissionsHelper.getAllAvailablePermissions(instance)).anySatisfy(permission ->
+      {
+         assertThat(permission.getName()).isEqualTo("orders.analyze");
+         assertThat(permission.getPermissionType()).isEqualTo("Analyze");
+      }).noneMatch(permission -> permission.getName().equals("excluded.analyze") || permission.getName().equals("outside.analyze")
+         || permission.getName().startsWith("data_analysis") && permission.getName().endsWith(".analyze"));
+   }
+
    /*******************************************************************************
     ** Saved, star and run locks hide others even when the shared flag is true.
     *******************************************************************************/

src/test/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/EngineContractTest.java

@@ -61,10 +61,63 @@ import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.within;
 /*******************************************************************************
  ** Shared backend acceptance tests, including a generic drill equivalence walker.
  *******************************************************************************/
-abstract class EngineContractTest extends EngineFixture
+abstract class EngineContractTest extends RelationshipContractTest
 {
    /*******************************************************************************
-    ** All numeric moments and percentiles agree to 1e-9.
+    ** Every emitted key across all profile kinds has a label, on every backend.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void presentationAcrossProfileKinds() throws Exception
+   {
+      java.util.Set<String> keys = new java.util.HashSet<>();
+      for(String field : List.of("amount", "quantity", "note", "paid", "order_date", "created"))
+      {
+         ColumnProfile profile = service.columnProfile(column(field));
+         java.util.List<Metric> metrics = new java.util.ArrayList<>(profile.getCounts());
+         if(profile.getNumeric() != null)
+         {
+            metrics.addAll(profile.getNumeric().getMetrics());
+         }
+         if(profile.getText() != null)
+         {
+            metrics.addAll(profile.getText().getMetrics());
+         }
+         if(profile.getDates() != null)
+         {
+            metrics.addAll(profile.getDates().getMetrics());
+            assertThat(profile.getChart().getX().getLabel()).endsWith(" (day)");
+            assertThat(profile.getChart().getSeries().getFirst().getPoints().getFirst().getX().toString()).isEqualTo("2026-01-01");
+         }
+         if(profile.getBooleans() != null)
+         {
+            metrics.addAll(profile.getBooleans());
+         }
+         for(Metric metric : metrics)
+         {
+            keys.add(metric.getKey());
+            assertThat(metric.getLabel()).isEqualTo(com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.engine.MetricLabels.label(metric.getKey(), metric.getValueType()));
+            assertThat(metric.getFormatted()).isNotBlank();
+         }
+      }
+      assertThat(keys).containsExactlyInAnyOrder("rows", "nonNull", "nulls", "blanks", "distinct", "uniqueness", "min", "max", "mean", "sum", "stddev",
+         "p1", "p5", "p25", "p50", "p75", "p95", "p99", "zeros", "negatives", "outliers", "minLength", "maxLength", "meanLength", "true", "false", "range");
+      ColumnProfile amount = service.columnProfile(column("amount"));
+      assertThat(metric(amount.getNumeric().getMetrics(), "sum").getFormatted()).isEqualTo("$1,170.00");
+      assertThat(amount.getNumeric().getHistogram()).allSatisfy(v -> assertThat(v.getLabel()).contains("$"));
+      Metric uniqueness = metric(amount.getCounts(), "uniqueness");
+      assertThat(uniqueness.getValueType().name()).isEqualTo("PERCENT");
+      assertThat(uniqueness.getValue().toString()).isEqualTo("0.727273");
+      assertThat(uniqueness.getFormatted()).isEqualTo("72.7%");
+      assertThat(metric(service.columnProfile(column("created")).getDates().getMetrics(), "min").getFormatted()).isEqualTo("2026-01-01 06:00");
+      assertThat(service.columnProfile(column("note")).getWarnings()).isEmpty();
+      var table = service.tableProfile(new TableProfileRequest().withTableName("orders").withFields(List.of("note")));
+      assertThat(table.getRowCount().getLabel()).isEqualTo("Rows");
+      assertThat(table.getFields().getFirst().getNulls().getLabel()).isEqualTo("Nulls");
+      assertThat(table.getFields().getFirst().getBlanks().getLabel()).isEqualTo("Blanks");
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Decimal moments retain ten significant digits; drills retain exact membership.
     *******************************************************************************/
    @Test
    void numericProfile() throws Exception
@@ -80,12 +133,12 @@ abstract class EngineContractTest extends EngineFixture
          Map.entry("zeros", "2"), Map.entry("negatives", "1"), Map.entry("outliers", "1"));
       for(var entry : expected.entrySet())
       {
-         assertMetric(result.getNumeric().getMetrics(), entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
+         assertMetric(result.getNumeric().getMetrics(), entry.getKey(), new BigDecimal(entry.getValue()).round(new java.math.MathContext(10)).toPlainString());
       }
       double[] values = {-10, 0, 0, 10, 10, 20, 20, 30, 40, 50, 1000};
       double mean = 1170.0 / 11;
       double variance = java.util.Arrays.stream(values).map(v -> Math.pow(v - mean, 2)).sum() / 10;
-      assertMetric(result.getNumeric().getMetrics(), "stddev", Double.toString(Math.sqrt(variance)));
+      assertMetric(result.getNumeric().getMetrics(), "stddev", BigDecimal.valueOf(Math.sqrt(variance)).round(new java.math.MathContext(10)).toPlainString());
       assertThat(result.getNumeric().getHistogram()).hasSize(22);
       assertThat(result.getNumeric().getHistogram().stream().mapToLong(v -> v.getCount()).sum()).isEqualTo(11);
       assertThat(result.getNumeric().getOutliers()).singleElement().satisfies(v -> assertThat(new BigDecimal(v.getValue().toString())).isEqualByComparingTo("1000"));
@@ -156,7 +209,7 @@ abstract class EngineContractTest extends EngineFixture
       assertThat(table.getFields()).anySatisfy(f ->
       {
          assertThat(f.getField()).isEqualTo("note");
-         assertThat(f.getCompleteness().doubleValue()).isCloseTo(8.0 / 12, within(1e-9));
+         assertThat(f.getCompleteness().doubleValue()).isEqualTo(0.666667);
       });
       assertThat(table.getCandidateKeys()).anyMatch(k -> k.getFields().equals(List.of("id")));
       var pairs = service.tableProfile(new TableProfileRequest().withTableName("orders").withFields(List.of("status", "quantity")));
@@ -196,7 +249,7 @@ abstract class EngineContractTest extends EngineFixture
    void permissionChecks() throws Exception
    {
       assertThat(service.capabilities("orders").getFields()).doesNotContain("secret");
-      assertThatThrownBy(() -> service.columnProfile(column("secret"))).isInstanceOf(QPermissionDeniedException.class);
+      assertThatThrownBy(() -> service.columnProfile(column("secret"))).isInstanceOf(com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.exceptions.QBadRequestException.class);
       QContext.init(instance, TestSupport.user("alice").withPermission("orders.analyze"));
       assertThatThrownBy(() -> service.columnProfile(column("amount"))).isInstanceOf(QPermissionDeniedException.class);
       QContext.init(instance, TestSupport.user("alice").withPermission("orders.read"));
@@ -205,7 +258,7 @@ abstract class EngineContractTest extends EngineFixture
       config.withTableDefaults(Map.of("orders", new TableAnalysisDefaults().withExcludedFields(Set.of("amount"))));
       service.getConfigResolver().invalidate();
       assertThat(service.capabilities("orders").getFields()).doesNotContain("amount");
-      assertThatThrownBy(() -> service.columnProfile(column("amount"))).isInstanceOf(QPermissionDeniedException.class);
+      assertThatThrownBy(() -> service.columnProfile(column("amount"))).isInstanceOf(com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.exceptions.QBadRequestException.class);
       assertThatThrownBy(() -> service.capabilities("missing")).isInstanceOf(QPermissionDeniedException.class);
    }
 
@@ -279,12 +332,26 @@ abstract class EngineContractTest extends EngineFixture
    void estimatesRunsAndCache() throws Exception
    {
       config.withDefaultSampleThresholdRows(5).withDefaultSampleRows(4);
-      service = new DataAnalysisService(config);
+      service = newService(config, java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinPool.commonPool());
       ColumnProfile estimate = service.columnProfile(column("amount"));
       assertThat(estimate.getEstimate()).isTrue();
-      assertThat(estimate.getSampleRows()).isEqualTo(4);
-      assertMetric(estimate.getCounts(), "rows", "4");
-      assertMetric(estimate.getNumeric().getMetrics(), "sum", "10");
+      assertMetric(estimate.getCounts(), "rows", "12");
+      assertThat(metric(estimate.getCounts(), "rows").getEstimate()).isFalse();
+      assertThat(metric(estimate.getCounts(), "nonNull").getEstimate()).isTrue();
+      assertThat(metric(estimate.getCounts(), "nonNull").getFormatted()).startsWith("≈ ");
+      assertDrills(estimate);
+      assertThat(count(metric(estimate.getCounts(), "rows").getDrill())).isEqualTo(12);
+      if(service.backend("orders") instanceof com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.engine.CoreAnalysisBackend)
+      {
+         assertThat(estimate.getWarnings()).anyMatch(w -> w.contains("random sample") && w.contains("scaled to the full 12 rows"));
+      }
+      else
+      {
+         assertThat(estimate.getSampleRows()).isEqualTo(4);
+         assertMetric(estimate.getCounts(), "nonNull", "4");
+         assertMetric(estimate.getNumeric().getMetrics(), "sum", "10");
+         assertThat(estimate.getWarnings()).contains("Estimate from the first 4 rows by id");
+      }
       String id = service.startExactRun(column("amount"));
       RunStatus run = awaitRun(id);
       assertThat(run.getStatus()).isEqualTo("COMPLETE");
@@ -395,7 +462,7 @@ abstract class EngineContractTest extends EngineFixture
       assertThat(ColumnProfiler.autoBucket(first, first.plusYears(2).plusDays(1))).isEqualTo(AnalysisBackend.DateUnit.MONTH);
       assertThat(ColumnProfiler.autoBucket(first, first.plusYears(10))).isEqualTo(AnalysisBackend.DateUnit.MONTH);
       assertThat(ColumnProfiler.autoBucket(first, first.plusYears(10).plusDays(1))).isEqualTo(AnalysisBackend.DateUnit.YEAR);
-      for(AnalysisBackend.DateUnit unit : List.of(AnalysisBackend.DateUnit.WEEK, AnalysisBackend.DateUnit.MONTH, AnalysisBackend.DateUnit.YEAR))
+      for(AnalysisBackend.DateUnit unit : List.of(AnalysisBackend.DateUnit.WEEK, AnalysisBackend.DateUnit.MONTH, AnalysisBackend.DateUnit.QUARTER, AnalysisBackend.DateUnit.YEAR))
       {
          var buckets = service.backend("orders").dateBuckets("orders", null, "order_date", unit, java.time.ZoneId.of("America/Chicago"));
          assertThat(buckets.stream().mapToLong(AnalysisBackend.GroupCount::count).sum()).isEqualTo(12);
@@ -444,6 +511,10 @@ abstract class EngineContractTest extends EngineFixture
     *******************************************************************************/
    private void walk(JsonNode node) throws Exception
    {
+      if(node.path("estimate").asBoolean(false))
+      {
+         return;
+      }
       if(node.isObject())
       {
          if(node.hasNonNull("drill"))
@@ -551,7 +622,7 @@ abstract class EngineContractTest extends EngineFixture
       int previous = runs().size();
       service.columnProfile(column("amount"));
       assertThat(runs()).hasSize(previous + 1);
-      service = new DataAnalysisService(config, task ->
+      service = newService(config, task ->
       {
          throw new java.util.concurrent.RejectedExecutionException("test");
       });
@@ -632,7 +703,7 @@ abstract class EngineContractTest extends EngineFixture
    void executionFailureAndGuardedBooleans() throws Exception
    {
       List<Runnable> jobs = new java.util.ArrayList<>();
-      service = new DataAnalysisService(config, jobs::add);
+      service = newService(config, jobs::add);
       String id = service.startExactRun(column("amount"));
       var table = instance.getTables().remove("orders");
       jobs.getFirst().run();
@@ -641,7 +712,7 @@ abstract class EngineContractTest extends EngineFixture
       assertThat(service.getRun(id).getError()).contains("could not be completed");
       assertThat(runs().getFirst().getValue("result_json")).isNull();
       config.withDefaultMinGroupSize(3);
-      service = new DataAnalysisService(config, Runnable::run);
+      service = newService(config, Runnable::run);
       var paid = service.columnProfile(column("paid"));
       assertThat(paid.getBooleans()).anySatisfy(m ->
       {

src/test/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/EngineFixture.java

@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.context.QContext;
 import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.instances.QInstanceEnricher;
 import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.data.QRecord;
 import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.QInstance;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.fields.DisplayFormat;
 import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.fields.QFieldMetaData;
 import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.fields.QFieldType;
 import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.possiblevalues.QPossibleValue;
@@ -96,7 +97,7 @@ abstract class EngineFixture
          .withPermissionRules(DataAnalysisTables.permissionRules("orders"))
          .withField(new QFieldMetaData("id", QFieldType.INTEGER)).withField(new QFieldMetaData("customer", QFieldType.INTEGER).withPossibleValueSourceName("customer"))
          .withField(new QFieldMetaData("status", QFieldType.STRING).withPossibleValueSourceName("statusValues"))
-         .withField(new QFieldMetaData("amount", QFieldType.DECIMAL)).withField(new QFieldMetaData("quantity", QFieldType.INTEGER))
+         .withField(new QFieldMetaData("amount", QFieldType.DECIMAL).withDisplayFormat(DisplayFormat.CURRENCY)).withField(new QFieldMetaData("quantity", QFieldType.INTEGER))
          .withField(new QFieldMetaData("order_date", QFieldType.DATE)).withField(new QFieldMetaData("created", QFieldType.DATE_TIME))
          .withField(new QFieldMetaData("note", QFieldType.STRING)).withField(new QFieldMetaData("paid", QFieldType.BOOLEAN))
          .withField(new QFieldMetaData("modifyDate", QFieldType.DATE_TIME).withBackendName("modify_date"))
@@ -118,7 +119,15 @@ abstract class EngineFixture
             .withValue("note", notes[i]).withValue("paid", i == 11 ? null : i % 2 == 0).withValue("modifyDate", Instant.parse("2026-10-13T12:00:00Z")));
       }
       config = new DataAnalysisQBitConfig().withBackendName("memory");
-      service = new DataAnalysisService(config, Runnable::run);
+      service = newService(config, Runnable::run);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Allow the identical contract to exercise both primitive implementations.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   protected DataAnalysisService newService(DataAnalysisQBitConfig configuration, java.util.concurrent.Executor executor)
+   {
+      return (new DataAnalysisService(configuration, executor));
    }
 
    /*******************************************************************************

src/test/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/FieldAnalysisAccessTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,244 @@
+/*
+ * QQQ - Low-code Application Framework for Engineers.
+ * Copyright (C) 2021-2025.  Kingsrook, LLC
+ * 651 N Broad St Ste 205 # 6917 | Middletown DE 19709 | United States
+ * contact@kingsrook.com
+ * https://github.com/Kingsrook/
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis;
+
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.engine.CoreTierFieldAccessResolver;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.engine.DrillFilters;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.engine.FieldAnalysisAccess;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.engine.FieldAnalysisAccessResolver;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.engine.FieldSecurityLockFieldAccessResolver;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.DistinctValuesRequest;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.ValueCount;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.ColumnProfile;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.ColumnProfileRequest;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.Metric;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.PivotCell;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.PivotDimension;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.PivotMeasure;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.PivotRequest;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.PivotResult;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.context.QContext;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.fields.QFieldMetaData;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.tables.QTableMetaData;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.query.QCriteriaOperator;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.utils.JsonUtils;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThatThrownBy;
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.within;
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ ** Exercise reflection without shadowing a future real core package on test classpaths.
+ *******************************************************************************/
+class FieldAnalysisAccessTest extends EngineFixture
+{
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Test helper for field-access behavior.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public static class TierApi
+   {
+      static String tier = "FULL";
+      static boolean fail;
+      /*******************************************************************************
+       ** Verify or support the pivot and field-access contract.
+       *******************************************************************************/
+      public static String getTier(QTableMetaData table, String field)
+      {
+         if(fail)
+         {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("unavailable");
+         }
+         return (tier);
+      }
+      /*******************************************************************************
+       ** Verify or support the pivot and field-access contract.
+       *******************************************************************************/
+      public static String getAccessFingerprint()
+      {
+         if(fail)
+         {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("unavailable");
+         }
+         return ("policy-v1");
+      }
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Test helper for field-access behavior.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public static class TierOnlyApi
+   {
+      /*******************************************************************************
+       ** Verify or support the pivot and field-access contract.
+       *******************************************************************************/
+      public static String getTier(QTableMetaData table, String field)
+      {
+         return ("FULL");
+      }
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Verify or support the pivot and field-access contract.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void legacyFallbackAndReflectiveTierMapping() throws Exception
+   {
+      var table = instance.getTable("orders");
+      var fallback = new FieldSecurityLockFieldAccessResolver();
+      assertThat(fallback.resolve(table, table.getField("amount"))).isEqualTo(FieldAnalysisAccess.FULL);
+      assertThat(fallback.resolve(table, table.getField("secret"))).isEqualTo(FieldAnalysisAccess.NONE);
+      // The snapshot has no tier package. Test the actual default selection.
+      assertThat(CoreTierFieldAccessResolver.defaultResolver()).isInstanceOf(FieldSecurityLockFieldAccessResolver.class);
+      var resolver = new CoreTierFieldAccessResolver(TierApi.class);
+      try
+      {
+         for(String tier : List.of("FULL", "REVEALABLE", "MASKED", "HIDDEN", "UNKNOWN"))
+         {
+            TierApi.tier = tier;
+            assertThat(resolver.resolve(table, table.getField("amount"))).isEqualTo(tier.equals("FULL") ? FieldAnalysisAccess.FULL : tier.equals("REVEALABLE") ? FieldAnalysisAccess.EXACT_MATCH_ONLY : FieldAnalysisAccess.NONE);
+         }
+         assertThat(resolver.getAccessFingerprint()).isEqualTo("policy-v1");
+         TierApi.fail = true;
+         assertThat(resolver.resolve(table, table.getField("amount"))).isEqualTo(FieldAnalysisAccess.NONE);
+         assertThatThrownBy(resolver::getAccessFingerprint).isInstanceOf(IllegalStateException.class);
+         assertThat(new CoreTierFieldAccessResolver(TierOnlyApi.class).getAccessFingerprint()).isEmpty();
+      }
+      finally
+      {
+         TierApi.fail = false;
+         TierApi.tier = "FULL";
+      }
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Verify or support the pivot and field-access contract.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void customPolicyAndUserFilterPassThrough() throws Exception
+   {
+      config.withFieldAnalysisAccessResolver(() -> (table, field) -> field.getName().equals("note") ? FieldAnalysisAccess.NONE
+         : field.getName().equals("paid") ? FieldAnalysisAccess.EXACT_MATCH_ONLY : new FieldSecurityLockFieldAccessResolver().resolve(table, field));
+      service = new DataAnalysisService(config, Runnable::run);
+      assertThat(service.capabilities("orders").getFields()).doesNotContain("note", "paid", "secret");
+      for(String field : List.of("note", "paid"))
+      {
+         assertThatThrownBy(() -> service.columnProfile(new ColumnProfileRequest().withTableName("orders").withFieldName(field)))
+            .isInstanceOf(com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.exceptions.QBadRequestException.class);
+         assertThatThrownBy(() -> service.pivot(new PivotRequest().withTableName("orders").withRows(List.of(new PivotDimension().withField(field)))
+            .withValues(List.of(new PivotMeasure().withOperator(PivotMeasure.Operator.COUNT)))))
+            .isInstanceOf(com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.exceptions.QBadRequestException.class);
+         assertThatThrownBy(() -> service.pivot(new PivotRequest().withTableName("orders").withRows(List.of(new PivotDimension().withField("status")))
+            .withValues(List.of(new PivotMeasure().withOperator(PivotMeasure.Operator.MIN).withField(field)))))
+            .isInstanceOf(com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.exceptions.QBadRequestException.class);
+      }
+      var request = new PivotRequest().withTableName("orders").withRows(List.of(new PivotDimension().withField("status")))
+         .withValues(List.of(new PivotMeasure().withOperator(PivotMeasure.Operator.COUNT)));
+      assertThat(JsonUtils.toJson(service.pivot(request))).doesNotContain("\"fieldName\":\"note\"", "\"fieldName\":\"paid\"");
+      var ownFilter = DrillFilters.condition("paid", QCriteriaOperator.EQUALS, true);
+      String before = JsonUtils.toJson(ownFilter);
+      PivotResult result = service.pivot(request.withFilter(ownFilter));
+      assertThat(JsonUtils.toJson(ownFilter)).isEqualTo(before);
+      assertThat(((Number)result.getGrandTotals().getFirst().getValue()).intValue()).isEqualTo(6);
+      for(PivotCell cell : result.getCells())
+      {
+         var drill = cell.getValues().getFirst().getDrill().getFilter();
+         assertThat(JsonUtils.toJson(drill.getSubFilters().getFirst())).isEqualTo(before);
+         assertThat(JsonUtils.toJson(drill.getSubFilters().get(1))).doesNotContain("paid", "note");
+      }
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Verify or support the pivot and field-access contract.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void cacheMissesOnFieldTierAndCoreFingerprintChanges() throws Exception
+   {
+      AtomicReference<FieldAnalysisAccess> tier = new AtomicReference<>(FieldAnalysisAccess.FULL);
+      AtomicReference<String> fingerprint = new AtomicReference<>("first");
+      config.withFieldAnalysisAccessResolver(() -> new FieldAnalysisAccessResolver()
+      {
+         /*******************************************************************************
+          ** Verify or support the pivot and field-access contract.
+          *******************************************************************************/
+         @Override
+         public FieldAnalysisAccess resolve(QTableMetaData table, QFieldMetaData field)
+         {
+            return (field.getName().equals("quantity") ? tier.get() : new FieldSecurityLockFieldAccessResolver().resolve(table, field));
+         }
+         /*******************************************************************************
+          ** Verify or support the pivot and field-access contract.
+          *******************************************************************************/
+         @Override
+         public String getAccessFingerprint()
+         {
+            return (fingerprint.get());
+         }
+      });
+      service = new DataAnalysisService(config, Runnable::run);
+      ColumnProfileRequest request = new ColumnProfileRequest().withTableName("orders").withFieldName("amount").withExact(true);
+      String first = service.startExactRun(request);
+      assertThat(service.startExactRun(request)).isEqualTo(first);
+      tier.set(FieldAnalysisAccess.EXACT_MATCH_ONLY);
+      String second = service.startExactRun(request);
+      assertThat(second).isNotEqualTo(first);
+      assertThatThrownBy(() -> service.getRun(first)).isInstanceOf(com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.exceptions.QPermissionDeniedException.class);
+      fingerprint.set("second");
+      assertThat(service.startExactRun(request)).isNotEqualTo(second);
+   }
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Verify or support the pivot and field-access contract.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void generatedRepresentativeDrillsCannotUseRestrictedPrimaryKey() throws Exception
+   {
+      config.withFieldAnalysisAccessResolver(() -> (table, field) -> field.getName().equals("id") ? FieldAnalysisAccess.NONE
+         : new FieldSecurityLockFieldAccessResolver().resolve(table, field));
+      service = new DataAnalysisService(config, Runnable::run);
+      ColumnProfile profile = service.columnProfile(new ColumnProfileRequest().withTableName("orders").withFieldName("status").withExact(true));
+      Metric distinct = profile.getCounts().stream().filter(m -> m.getKey().equals("distinct")).findFirst().orElseThrow();
+      assertThat(distinct.getDrill()).isNull();
+      assertThat(profile.getCounts().getFirst().getDrill()).isNotNull();
+      var ownFilter = DrillFilters.condition("id", QCriteriaOperator.EQUALS, 1);
+      profile = service.columnProfile(new ColumnProfileRequest().withTableName("orders").withFieldName("status").withFilter(ownFilter).withExact(true));
+      assertThat(profile.getCounts().getFirst().getDrill()).isNotNull();
+      assertThat(JsonUtils.toJson(profile.getCounts().getFirst().getDrill())).contains("id");
+   }
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Related label tiers must neither leak labels nor reuse a stale cache entry.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void relatedLabelTierChangesInvalidateCache() throws Exception
+   {
+      AtomicReference<FieldAnalysisAccess> tier = new AtomicReference<>(FieldAnalysisAccess.FULL);
+      config.withFieldAnalysisAccessResolver(() -> (table, field) -> table.getName().equals("customer") && field.getName().equals("name")
+         ? tier.get() : new FieldSecurityLockFieldAccessResolver().resolve(table, field));
+      service = new DataAnalysisService(config, Runnable::run);
+      ColumnProfileRequest request = new ColumnProfileRequest().withTableName("orders").withFieldName("customer").withExact(true);
+      String first = service.startExactRun(request);
+      assertThat(service.columnProfile(request).getTopValues()).extracting(ValueCount::getLabel).contains("Alice Co");
+      tier.set(FieldAnalysisAccess.NONE);
+      assertThat(service.startExactRun(request)).isNotEqualTo(first);
+      assertThat(service.columnProfile(request).getTopValues()).extracting(ValueCount::getLabel).containsExactly("1", "2");
+      assertThat(service.distinctValues(new DistinctValuesRequest().withTableName("orders").withFieldName("customer")).getValues()).extracting(ValueCount::getLabel).containsExactly("1", "2");
+   }
+}

src/test/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/H2CompatibilityEngineTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+/*
+ * QQQ - Low-code Application Framework for Engineers.
+ * Copyright (C) 2021-2025.  Kingsrook, LLC
+ * 651 N Broad St Ste 205 # 6917 | Middletown DE 19709 | United States
+ * contact@kingsrook.com
+ * https://github.com/Kingsrook/
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis;
+
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.module.rdbms.model.metadata.RDBMSBackendMetaData;
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ ** Verify native bucket SQL in H2's ordinal-grouping compatibility mode.
+ *******************************************************************************/
+class H2CompatibilityEngineTest extends H2EngineTest
+{
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** H2 supports core's GROUP BY positions in PostgreSQL compatibility mode.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   @Override
+   protected RDBMSBackendMetaData database()
+   {
+      RDBMSBackendMetaData database = super.database();
+      return (database.withJdbcUrl(database.getJdbcUrl() + ";MODE=PostgreSQL"));
+   }
+}

src/test/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/H2SamplingTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+/*
+ * QQQ - Low-code Application Framework for Engineers.
+ * Copyright (C) 2021-2025.  Kingsrook, LLC
+ * 651 N Broad St Ste 205 # 6917 | Middletown DE 19709 | United States
+ * contact@kingsrook.com
+ * https://github.com/Kingsrook/
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis;
+
+import java.util.List;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.engine.DrillFilters;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.engine.StandInAnalysisBackend;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.ColumnProfileRequest;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.query.QCriteriaOperator;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.module.rdbms.model.metadata.RDBMSBackendMetaData;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.within;
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ ** RAND samples fluctuate around population counts without changing drill scope.
+ *******************************************************************************/
+class H2SamplingTest extends EngineFixture
+{
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Ordinal grouping is supported by H2's PostgreSQL compatibility mode.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   @Override
+   protected RDBMSBackendMetaData database()
+   {
+      return (new RDBMSBackendMetaData().withVendor("h2").withUsername("sa").withPassword("")
+         .withJdbcUrl("jdbc:h2:mem:sampling_" + java.util.UUID.randomUUID() + ";DB_CLOSE_DELAY=-1;DATABASE_TO_UPPER=FALSE;MODE=PostgreSQL"));
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** A large sample gives stable tolerances and includes filtered-out records.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void randomCountsAndHistograms() throws Exception
+   {
+      try(var statement = connection.createStatement())
+      {
+         statement.execute("INSERT INTO orders (id, customer, amount) SELECT x, 1, CASE WHEN MOD(x, 4) = 0 THEN NULL ELSE MOD(x, 10) END FROM SYSTEM_RANGE(1001, 11000) AS source(x)");
+      }
+      config.withDefaultSampleThresholdRows(100).withDefaultSampleRows(2000);
+      service.getConfigResolver().invalidate();
+      var filter = DrillFilters.condition("id", QCriteriaOperator.GREATER_THAN, 1000);
+      var profile = service.columnProfile(new ColumnProfileRequest().withTableName("orders").withFieldName("amount").withFilter(filter));
+      assertThat(profile.getEstimate()).isTrue();
+      var metrics = profile.getCounts().stream().collect(java.util.stream.Collectors.toMap(m -> m.getKey(), m -> m));
+      assertThat(metrics.get("rows").getValue()).isEqualTo(10000L);
+      assertThat(metrics.get("rows").getEstimate()).isFalse();
+      assertThat(((Number) metrics.get("nulls").getValue()).longValue()).isCloseTo(2500L, within(500L));
+      assertThat(((Number) metrics.get("nonNull").getValue()).longValue()).isCloseTo(7500L, within(500L));
+      assertThat(metrics.get("nonNull").getFormatted()).startsWith("≈ ");
+      assertThat(profile.getNumeric().getHistogram().stream().mapToLong(v -> v.getCount()).sum()).isCloseTo(7500L, within(700L));
+      var exact = new StandInAnalysisBackend(service.getConfigResolver().resolve("orders"));
+      assertThat(exact.count("orders", metrics.get("rows").getDrill().getFilter())).isEqualTo(10000);
+      for(var value : profile.getTopValues())
+      {
+         long population = exact.count("orders", value.getDrill().getFilter());
+         assertThat(value.getCount()).isCloseTo(population, within(500L));
+      }
+      assertThat(com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.utils.JsonUtils.toJson(profile)).doesNotContain("\"operator\":\"IN\"");
+      var table = service.tableProfile(new com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.TableProfileRequest().withTableName("orders").withFilter(filter).withFields(List.of("amount")));
+      assertThat(table.getRowCount().getValue()).isEqualTo(10000L);
+      assertThat(table.getEstimate()).isTrue();
+   }
+}

src/test/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/H2StreamedEngineTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+/*
+ * QQQ - Low-code Application Framework for Engineers.
+ * Copyright (C) 2021-2025.  Kingsrook, LLC
+ * 651 N Broad St Ste 205 # 6917 | Middletown DE 19709 | United States
+ * contact@kingsrook.com
+ * https://github.com/Kingsrook/
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis;
+
+import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.engine.AnalysisBackend;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.engine.StandInAnalysisBackend;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.exceptions.QException;
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ ** Run every engine contract assertion with the portable streamed implementation.
+ *******************************************************************************/
+class H2StreamedEngineTest extends H2EngineTest
+{
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Change only the backend under test, preserving the entire shared contract.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   @Override
+   protected DataAnalysisService newService(DataAnalysisQBitConfig configuration, Executor executor)
+   {
+      return (new DataAnalysisService(configuration, executor)
+      {
+         @Override
+         public AnalysisBackend backend(String table) throws QException
+         {
+            return (new StandInAnalysisBackend(getConfigResolver().resolve(table)));
+         }
+      });
+   }
+}

src/test/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/OptionalMiddlewareTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+/*
+ * QQQ - Low-code Application Framework for Engineers.
+ * Copyright (C) 2021-2025.  Kingsrook, LLC
+ * 651 N Broad St Ste 205 # 6917 | Middletown DE 19709 | United States
+ * contact@kingsrook.com
+ * https://github.com/Kingsrook/
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis;
+
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ ** A separate JVM proves the optional middleware is not needed by the engine.
+ *******************************************************************************/
+class OptionalMiddlewareTest
+{
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Remove Javalin and middleware artifacts from the actual test classpath.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void engineWithoutMiddleware() throws Exception
+   {
+      String classpath = Arrays.stream(System.getProperty("surefire.test.class.path", System.getProperty("java.class.path")).split(java.io.File.pathSeparator))
+         .filter(entry -> !entry.contains("qqq-middleware-javalin") && !Path.of(entry).getFileName().toString().startsWith("javalin-"))
+         .collect(Collectors.joining(java.io.File.pathSeparator));
+      Path log = Path.of("target", "core-only-smoke.log");
+      Process process = new ProcessBuilder(Path.of(System.getProperty("java.home"), "bin", "java").toString(), "-cp", classpath, CoreOnlySmoke.class.getName())
+         .redirectErrorStream(true).redirectOutput(log.toFile()).start();
+      try
+      {
+         assertThat(process.waitFor(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS)).as("Core-only JVM timed out").isTrue();
+         assertThat(process.exitValue()).as(java.nio.file.Files.readString(log)).isZero();
+      }
+      finally
+      {
+         if(process.isAlive())
+         {
+            process.destroyForcibly();
+         }
+      }
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Entry point in the classpath with middleware removed.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   public static class CoreOnlySmoke
+   {
+      /*******************************************************************************
+       ** Metadata and runtime must initialize without loading any API classes.
+       *******************************************************************************/
+      public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception
+      {
+         var instance = TestSupport.instance();
+         assertThat(instance.getSupplementalMetaData("dataAnalysisRuntime")).isNotNull();
+         assertThat(instance.getSupplementalMetaData("middlewareSpecExtensions")).isNull();
+         assertThat(instance.getTable("data_analysis_run")).isNotNull();
+      }
+   }
+}

src/test/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/dataanalysis/PivotContractTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,368 @@
+/*
+ * QQQ - Low-code Application Framework for Engineers.
+ * Copyright (C) 2021-2025.  Kingsrook, LLC
+ * 651 N Broad St Ste 205 # 6917 | Middletown DE 19709 | United States
+ * contact@kingsrook.com
+ * https://github.com/Kingsrook/
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis;
+
+import java.math.BigDecimal;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.Drill;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.Metric;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.PivotCell;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.PivotDimension;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.PivotHeader;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.PivotMeasure;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.PivotNumericBins;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.PivotRequest;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.PivotResult;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.ValueType;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.engine.DrillFilters;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.actions.permissions.PermissionEnforcement;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.actions.tables.CountAction;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.actions.tables.QueryAction;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.context.QContext;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.count.CountInput;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.query.QCriteriaOperator;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.query.QueryInput;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.aggregate.DateBucketUnit;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.joins.QJoinMetaData;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.joins.JoinOn;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.joins.JoinType;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.tables.ExposedJoin;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.utils.JsonUtils;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThatThrownBy;
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.within;
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ ** Pivot contract inherited by every existing backend test configuration.
+ *******************************************************************************/
+abstract class PivotContractTest extends EngineFixture
+{
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Verify or support the pivot and field-access contract.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   protected PivotDimension dimension(String field)
+   {
+      return (new PivotDimension().withField(field));
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Verify or support the pivot and field-access contract.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   protected PivotMeasure measure(PivotMeasure.Operator operator, String field)
+   {
+      return (new PivotMeasure().withOperator(operator).withField(field));
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Verify or support the pivot and field-access contract.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   protected PivotRequest pivot(List<String> rows, List<String> columns)
+   {
+      return (new PivotRequest().withTableName("orders").withRows(rows.stream().map(this::dimension).toList())
+         .withColumns(columns.stream().map(this::dimension).toList()).withValues(List.of(measure(PivotMeasure.Operator.COUNT, null))));
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Verify or support the pivot and field-access contract.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   private void equalNumber(Metric metric, String value)
+   {
+      assertThat(new BigDecimal(metric.getValue().toString())).isEqualByComparingTo(value);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Verify or support the pivot and field-access contract.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   protected void countDrills(PivotResult result) throws Exception
+   {
+      List<List<Metric>> groups = new ArrayList<>(result.getRowTotals());
+      groups.addAll(result.getColumnTotals());
+      groups.add(result.getGrandTotals());
+      result.getCells().forEach(c -> groups.add(c.getValues()));
+      for(List<Metric> metrics : groups)
+      {
+         for(Metric metric : metrics)
+         {
+            if(metric.getKey().equals("value0") && !metric.getSuppressed())
+            {
+               assertThat(metric.getDrill()).isNotNull();
+               Drill drill = JsonUtils.toObject(JsonUtils.toJson(metric.getDrill()), Drill.class);
+               CountInput input = new CountInput(drill.getTableName()).withFilter(drill.getFilter());
+               input.setPermissionEnforcement(PermissionEnforcement.ENFORCE);
+               assertThat(new CountAction().execute(input).getCount()).as(JsonUtils.toJson(drill)).isEqualTo(((Number) metric.getValue()).intValue());
+               QueryInput query = new QueryInput(drill.getTableName()).withFilter(drill.getFilter());
+               query.setPermissionEnforcement(PermissionEnforcement.ENFORCE);
+               assertThat(new QueryAction().execute(query).getRecords()).as(JsonUtils.toJson(drill)).hasSize(((Number) metric.getValue()).intValue());
+            }
+         }
+      }
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Verify or support the pivot and field-access contract.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void pivotShapesAndTotals() throws Exception
+   {
+      for(PivotRequest request : List.of(pivot(List.of("status"), List.of("customer")), pivot(List.of("status", "paid"), List.of("customer")),
+         pivot(List.of("status"), List.of("customer", "paid"))))
+      {
+         PivotResult result = service.pivot(request);
+         equalNumber(result.getGrandTotals().getFirst(), "12");
+         assertThat(result.getCells().stream().mapToLong(c -> ((Number)c.getValues().getFirst().getValue()).longValue()).sum()).isEqualTo(12);
+         countDrills(result);
+      }
+      PivotResult result = service.pivot(pivot(List.of("status"), List.of("customer")));
+      assertThat(result.getCells()).hasSize(4);
+      assertThat(result.getCells()).allSatisfy(c -> assertThat(((Number)c.getValues().getFirst().getValue()).longValue()).isIn(2L, 4L));
+      assertThat(result.getRowTotals()).allSatisfy(m -> equalNumber(m.getFirst(), "6"));
+      result = service.pivot(pivot(List.of("status"), List.of()).withShowTotals(false));
+      assertThat(result.getGrandTotals()).isEmpty();
+      assertThat(result.getRowTotals()).isEmpty();
+      assertThat(result.getColumnHeaders()).containsExactly(List.of());
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Verify or support the pivot and field-access contract.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void pivotOtherAndNonAdditiveMeasures() throws Exception
+   {
+      PivotRequest request = pivot(List.of("quantity"), List.of("status")).withLimitGroups(1).withValues(List.of(
+         measure(PivotMeasure.Operator.COUNT, null), measure(PivotMeasure.Operator.SUM, "amount"), measure(PivotMeasure.Operator.AVG, "amount"),
+         measure(PivotMeasure.Operator.COUNT_DISTINCT, "amount"), measure(PivotMeasure.Operator.PERCENTILE, "amount").withPercentile(new BigDecimal("0.5"))));
+      PivotResult result = service.pivot(request);
+      assertThat(result.getTruncatedRows()).isTrue();
+      assertThat(result.getTruncatedColumns()).isTrue();
+      assertThat(result.getRowHeaders().stream().flatMap(List::stream).map(PivotHeader::getLabel)).anyMatch(l -> l.equals("Other (5 groups)"));
+      equalNumber(result.getGrandTotals().get(1), "1170");
+      equalNumber(result.getGrandTotals().get(3), "8");
+      equalNumber(result.getGrandTotals().get(4), "20");
+      countDrills(result);
+      for(PivotCell cell : result.getCells())
+      {
+         var input = new com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.actions.tables.query.QueryInput("orders").withFilter(cell.getValues().getFirst().getDrill().getFilter());
+         input.setPermissionEnforcement(PermissionEnforcement.ENFORCE);
+         var numbers = new com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.actions.tables.QueryAction().execute(input).getRecords().stream().map(r -> r.getValueBigDecimal("amount"))
+            .filter(java.util.Objects::nonNull).sorted().toList();
+         BigDecimal sum = numbers.stream().reduce(BigDecimal.ZERO, BigDecimal::add);
+         equalNumber(cell.getValues().get(1), sum.toString());
+         assertThat(new BigDecimal(cell.getValues().get(2).getValue().toString()).doubleValue()).isCloseTo(sum.doubleValue() / numbers.size(), within(0.000000001));
+         equalNumber(cell.getValues().get(3), Long.toString(numbers.stream().map(BigDecimal::stripTrailingZeros).distinct().count()));
+         BigDecimal median = numbers.size() % 2 == 1 ? numbers.get(numbers.size() / 2) : numbers.get(numbers.size() / 2 - 1).add(numbers.get(numbers.size() / 2)).divide(BigDecimal.valueOf(2));
+         equalNumber(cell.getValues().get(4), median.toString());
+      }
+      for(String field : List.of("paid", "note", "amount"))
+      {
+         countDrills(service.pivot(pivot(List.of(field), List.of()).withLimitGroups(1)));
+      }
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Verify or support the pivot and field-access contract.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void pivotBuckets() throws Exception
+   {
+      for(DateBucketUnit unit : DateBucketUnit.values())
+      {
+         PivotRequest request = pivot(List.of("created"), List.of("status")).withRows(List.of(dimension("created").withDateBucket(unit)));
+         PivotResult result = service.pivot(request);
+         equalNumber(result.getGrandTotals().getFirst(), "12");
+         countDrills(result);
+      }
+      PivotResult dates = service.pivot(pivot(List.of("order_date"), List.of("status")).withRows(List.of(dimension("order_date").withDateBucket(DateBucketUnit.DAY))));
+      assertThat(dates.getCells()).hasSize(4);
+      countDrills(dates);
+      for(PivotNumericBins bins : List.of(new PivotNumericBins().withCount(4).withMin(BigDecimal.ZERO).withMax(BigDecimal.valueOf(40)), new PivotNumericBins().withCount(10)))
+      {
+         countDrills(service.pivot(pivot(List.of("amount"), List.of("status")).withRows(List.of(dimension("amount").withNumericBins(bins)))));
+      }
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Verify or support the pivot and field-access contract.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void pivotPrivacyAndUserFilter() throws Exception
+   {
+      config.withDefaultMinGroupSize(3);
+      service.getConfigResolver().invalidate();
+      PivotResult result = service.pivot(pivot(List.of("status"), List.of("customer")).withValues(List.of(measure(PivotMeasure.Operator.COUNT, null), measure(PivotMeasure.Operator.SUM, "amount"))));
+      assertThat(result.getCells().stream().filter(c -> c.getValues().getFirst().getSuppressed())).hasSize(2);
+      result.getCells().stream().filter(c -> c.getValues().getFirst().getSuppressed()).forEach(c -> assertThat(c.getValues()).allSatisfy(m ->
+      {
+         assertThat(m.getValue()).isNull();
+         assertThat(m.getDrill()).isNull();
+      }));
+      assertThat(service.pivot(pivot(List.of("quantity"), List.of())).getRowHeaders()).isEmpty();
+      config.withDefaultMinGroupSize(0);
+      service.getConfigResolver().invalidate();
+      var filter = DrillFilters.condition("customer", QCriteriaOperator.EQUALS, 1);
+      String before = JsonUtils.toJson(filter);
+      result = service.pivot(pivot(List.of("status"), List.of()).withFilter(filter));
+      equalNumber(result.getGrandTotals().getFirst(), "8");
+      assertThat(JsonUtils.toJson(filter)).isEqualTo(before);
+      countDrills(result);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Verify or support the pivot and field-access contract.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void pivotJoinedDimensionAndPermissions() throws Exception
+   {
+      instance.addJoin(new QJoinMetaData().withName("ordersCustomer").withLeftTable("orders").withRightTable("customer")
+         .withType(JoinType.MANY_TO_ONE).withJoinOn(new JoinOn("customer", "id")));
+      instance.getTable("orders").withExposedJoin(new ExposedJoin().withJoinTable("customer").withJoinPath(List.of("ordersCustomer")));
+      PivotResult result = service.pivot(pivot(List.of("customer.name"), List.of("status")));
+      assertThat(result.getRowHeaders().stream().flatMap(List::stream).map(PivotHeader::getValue)).containsExactlyInAnyOrder("Alice Co", "Bob Co");
+      equalNumber(result.getGrandTotals().getFirst(), "12");
+      assertThat(result.getWarnings()).isEmpty();
+      assertThat(result.getCells()).allSatisfy(c -> assertThat(JsonUtils.toJson(c.getValues().getFirst().getDrill())).contains("customer.name"));
+      countDrills(result);
+      countDrills(service.pivot(pivot(List.of("customer.name"), List.of("status")).withLimitGroups(1)
+         .withFilter(DrillFilters.condition("paid", QCriteriaOperator.EQUALS, true))));
+      instance.getJoins().put("ordersCustomer", instance.getJoin("ordersCustomer").flip());
+      countDrills(service.pivot(pivot(List.of("customer.name"), List.of("status"))));
+      QContext.getQSession().getPermissions().remove("customer.read");
+      assertThatThrownBy(() -> service.pivot(pivot(List.of("customer.name"), List.of()))).isInstanceOf(com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.exceptions.QBadRequestException.class);
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Reversing a many-to-one join multiplies records and disables every drill.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void pivotToManyDimension() throws Exception
+   {
+      instance.addJoin(new QJoinMetaData().withName("ordersCustomer").withLeftTable("orders").withRightTable("customer")
+         .withType(JoinType.MANY_TO_ONE).withJoinOn(new JoinOn("customer", "id")));
+      instance.getTable("customer").withExposedJoin(new ExposedJoin().withJoinTable("orders").withJoinPath(List.of("ordersCustomer")));
+      QContext.getQSession().getPermissions().add("customer.analyze");
+      for(int direction = 0; direction < 2; direction++)
+      {
+         PivotResult result = service.pivot(pivot(List.of("orders.status"), List.of()).withTableName("customer"));
+         equalNumber(result.getGrandTotals().getFirst(), "12");
+         assertThat(result.getWarnings()).containsExactly("Counts include one row per related " + instance.getTable("orders").getLabel()
+            + "; drill-through is not available for this dimension.");
+         assertThat(result.getCells()).allSatisfy(c -> assertThat(c.getValues()).allSatisfy(m -> assertThat(m.getDrill()).isNull()));
+         assertThat(result.getRowTotals()).allSatisfy(metrics -> assertThat(metrics).allSatisfy(m -> assertThat(m.getDrill()).isNull()));
+         assertThat(result.getColumnTotals()).allSatisfy(metrics -> assertThat(metrics).allSatisfy(m -> assertThat(m.getDrill()).isNull()));
+         assertThat(result.getGrandTotals()).allSatisfy(m -> assertThat(m.getDrill()).isNull());
+         instance.getJoins().put("ordersCustomer", instance.getJoin("ordersCustomer").flip());
+      }
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Every hop must be to-one, including hops preceding a one-to-one target.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void pivotMultiHopDimension() throws Exception
+   {
+      instance.addTable(new com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.tables.QTableMetaData().withName("region").withLabel("Region")
+         .withBackendName(instance.getTable("customer").getBackendName()).withPrimaryKeyField("id")
+         .withField(new com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.fields.QFieldMetaData("id", com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.fields.QFieldType.INTEGER))
+         .withField(new com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.fields.QFieldMetaData("name", com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.fields.QFieldType.STRING)));
+      if(connection != null)
+      {
+         try(var statement = connection.createStatement())
+         {
+            statement.execute("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS region");
+            statement.execute("CREATE TABLE region (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, name VARCHAR(100))");
+         }
+      }
+      new com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.instances.QInstanceEnricher(instance).enrich();
+      TestSupport.insert("region", new com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.data.QRecord().withValue("id", 1).withValue("name", "East"));
+      TestSupport.insert("region", new com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.data.QRecord().withValue("id", 2).withValue("name", "West"));
+      instance.addJoin(new QJoinMetaData().withName("ordersCustomer").withLeftTable("orders").withRightTable("customer")
+         .withType(JoinType.MANY_TO_ONE).withJoinOn(new JoinOn("customer", "id")));
+      instance.addJoin(new QJoinMetaData().withName("customerRegion").withLeftTable("region").withRightTable("customer")
+         .withType(JoinType.ONE_TO_ONE).withJoinOn(new JoinOn("id", "id")));
+      instance.getTable("orders").withExposedJoin(new ExposedJoin().withJoinTable("region").withJoinPath(List.of("ordersCustomer", "customerRegion")));
+      PivotResult result = service.pivot(pivot(List.of("region.name"), List.of("status")));
+      assertThat(result.getWarnings()).containsExactly("Drill-through is not available for fields reached through more than one join (Region).");
+      assertThat(result.getCells()).allSatisfy(c -> assertThat(c.getValues().getFirst().getDrill()).isNull());
+      instance.getJoin("ordersCustomer").withType(JoinType.MANY_TO_MANY);
+      result = service.pivot(pivot(List.of("region.name"), List.of("status")));
+      assertThat(result.getWarnings()).containsExactly("Counts include one row per related Region; drill-through is not available for this dimension.");
+      assertThat(result.getCells()).allSatisfy(c -> assertThat(c.getValues().getFirst().getDrill()).isNull());
+   }
+
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Verify or support the pivot and field-access contract.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void pivotValidation() throws Exception
+   {
+      for(String field : List.of("secret", "missing", "missing.field"))
+      {
+         assertThatThrownBy(() -> service.pivot(pivot(List.of(field), List.of()))).isInstanceOf(com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.exceptions.QBadRequestException.class);
+         assertThatThrownBy(() -> service.pivot(pivot(List.of("status"), List.of()).withValues(List.of(measure(PivotMeasure.Operator.MIN, field)))))
+            .isInstanceOf(com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.exceptions.QBadRequestException.class);
+      }
+      for(PivotRequest bad : List.of(pivot(List.of(), List.of()), pivot(List.of("status"), List.of()).withLimitGroups(201),
+         pivot(List.of("status"), List.of("status")), pivot(List.of("status"), List.of()).withRows(List.of(dimension("status").withDateBucket(DateBucketUnit.YEAR))),
+         pivot(List.of("status"), List.of()).withValues(List.of(measure(PivotMeasure.Operator.PERCENTILE, "amount").withPercentile(BigDecimal.TEN)))))
+      {
+         assertThatThrownBy(() -> service.pivot(bad)).isInstanceOf(com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.exceptions.QBadRequestException.class);
+      }
+   }
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** Verify or support the pivot and field-access contract.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void pivotTypedExtremesAndEmptyScope() throws Exception
+   {
+      PivotResult result = service.pivot(pivot(List.of("status"), List.of()).withValues(List.of(measure(PivotMeasure.Operator.COUNT, "amount"),
+         measure(PivotMeasure.Operator.MIN, "order_date"), measure(PivotMeasure.Operator.MAX, "created"), measure(PivotMeasure.Operator.MIN, "amount"),
+         measure(PivotMeasure.Operator.MAX, "amount"))));
+      equalNumber(result.getGrandTotals().getFirst(), "12");
+      equalNumber(result.getGrandTotals().get(3), "-10");
+      equalNumber(result.getGrandTotals().get(4), "1000");
+      assertThat(result.getGrandTotals().get(1).getValueType()).isEqualTo(ValueType.DATE);
+      assertThat(result.getGrandTotals().get(2).getValueType()).isEqualTo(ValueType.DATE_TIME);
+      countDrills(result);
+      result = service.pivot(pivot(List.of("status"), List.of()).withFilter(DrillFilters.condition("id", QCriteriaOperator.EQUALS, -1)));
+      assertThat(result.getCells()).isEmpty();
+      equalNumber(result.getGrandTotals().getFirst(), "0");
+      countDrills(result);
+   }
+
+   @Test
+   void booleanHeadersAndHumanMeasureLabels() throws Exception
+   {
+      var booleans = service.pivot(pivot(List.of("paid"), List.of("status")));
+      assertThat(booleans.getRowHeaders().stream().flatMap(List::stream).map(PivotHeader::getLabel)).containsExactlyInAnyOrder("Yes", "No", "(Blank)");
+      assertThat(booleans.getMeasures().getFirst().getLabel()).isEqualTo("Count");
+      var operators = List.of(PivotMeasure.Operator.AVG, PivotMeasure.Operator.SUM, PivotMeasure.Operator.COUNT_DISTINCT,
+         PivotMeasure.Operator.MIN, PivotMeasure.Operator.MAX, PivotMeasure.Operator.PERCENTILE);
+      var measures = operators.stream().map(operator -> measure(operator, "amount")).toList();
+      measures.getLast().withPercentile(new BigDecimal("0.5"));
+      var result = service.pivot(pivot(List.of("paid"), List.of()).withValues(measures));
+      assertThat(result.getMeasures().stream().map(m -> m.getLabel())).containsExactly("Average Amount", "Sum of Amount", "Distinct Amount", "Minimum Amount", "Maximum Amount", "Median Amount");
+      measures.getLast().withPercentile(new BigDecimal("0.9"));
+      assertThat(service.pivot(pivot(List.of("paid"), List.of()).withValues(measures)).getMeasures().getLast().getLabel()).isEqualTo("90th percentile of Amount");
+      var cross = service.crosstab(new com.kingsrook.qbits.dataanalysis.result.CrosstabRequest().withTableName("orders").withRowField("paid").withColumnField("status"));
+      assertThat(cross.getRows().stream().map(PivotHeader::getLabel)).containsExactlyInAnyOrder("Yes", "No", "(Blank)");
+   }
+}