fix(renderer): scene 2 text after independent review: a proof that never cuts, a bounded shrink search, named refusals

The proof of `maxLength`
- The proof never cuts. With `overflow: truncate` the proof was given a cut
  block, which counts as fitting, so a bound element whose box held ten
  characters validated clean with `maxLength: 40` and every long value was cut
  at print. The proof now runs with cutting off. When it fails, an element
  that did not ask for cutting is refused as before; one that did still
  validates, since cutting is what its author chose, with the warning
  FIT_NOT_PROVEN at every validation carrying `measured.provenCharacters`,
  the longest length proven to fit whole (found by halving: fewer characters
  never fit worse), against `limit.characters`. No new code: FIT_NOT_PROVEN
  already means that the fit of a bound value is not proven.
- A bound element with `maxLength` is judged for legibility, when validated,
  at the size the proof shrank to (the floor when it fails and the element
  cuts), not at its stated size.

The shrink search
- The size chosen is still exactly the one a search of every quarter-point
  step gives, but that search is no longer made. A count that errs only
  toward yes says whether a size could hold the text: lines filled at any
  character, each held to a width no real line can be under, and a block to
  its lines' ascent, pitches and descent. It never refuses a size that fits
  and, once it allows a size, allows every smaller one, so the largest size it
  allows is found by halving and only the steps from there are laid out. When
  one line at the floor is higher than the box nothing is searched, and a cut
  tries no line count the box is too low for.
- 1024 characters at 600 dpi from 1000 pt to 1 pt took 180 to 250 ms a fit and
  now takes under 1 ms: at most 21 555 characters visited where the search of
  every size visits 15.6 million.
- A text is fitted once: what `check` composed is what `paint` draws.
- The text of one scene may take 64 million steps (a character visited while
  fitting is one, a character to be drawn 16, a glyph the scene draws for the
  first time at a size 4096, since the runtime rasterises it once). The
  element that passes it, and every text after it, is SCENE_INVALID at the
  element with `textWorkSteps`, as the painted-area limit is. The count is
  integer arithmetic: the same on every machine, and the same validated or
  rendered. A thousand of the worst elements validate in well under a second.

Ink outside the measure
- TEXT_INK_OUTSIDE_MEASURE was an IllegalStateException thrown while
  painting, which failed the whole render after part of the text was on the
  label. The dots of a text are now gathered first and reach the label only
  when none strayed; otherwise the one element is refused as
  TEXT_DOES_NOT_FIT with `glyphsOutsideMeasure` and `dotsOutsideMeasure`. A
  literal is held to the glyph bounds when the scene is validated.
- The bound is tested at 1, 2, 300 and 1000 pt as well as from 5 to 72 pt, for
  every character of every face at the three resolutions; nothing strays.

Schema and vocabulary
- `fit` declares `maxLines`, `shrinkTo` and `overflow` under `properties` with
  `additionalProperties: false`. The three names are in the renderer's and the
  host bridge's pointer vocabularies, and a wrong member is reported at the
  member (`/elements/3/fit/maxLines`, or in the override that states `fit`).
- A bound number is printed as the schema says: plain decimal digits, no
  exponent, no fraction that is only zeros (`1.0E10` prints `10000000000`,
  `2.50` prints `2.5`). A number that is not finite is VALUE_MISSING.

Tests
- The widest-advance check covers every character a face draws, inked or not
  (a no-break space advances the pen), so a font update cannot break the proof
  unseen.
- Property: `fit` equals the search of every size, block for block, over 3600
  generated texts, boxes, sizes, floors and line counts.
- The goldens are unchanged. A README beside them records the JDK builds and the
  FreeType each ships.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5.2 <noreply@anthropic.com>

.gitattributes

@@ -16,3 +16,6 @@
 # Stored renderer outputs are compared byte for byte: git must never rewrite them.
 renderer/src/test/resources/compat-v1/** -text
 renderer/src/test/resources/scene2/golden/** -text
+
+# Bundled fonts and their licence texts are shipped exactly as released and are hashed: git must never rewrite them.
+renderer/src/main/resources/fonts/** -text

bridges/remote-renderer/adapter/src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/documentgeneration/remote/RemoteRendererBridge.java

@@ -73,6 +73,25 @@ public final class RemoteRendererBridge implements GenerationPorts.IsolatedRende
       return (delegate.render(request));
    }
 
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** The existing bridge renders, validates the label exactly as for printing
+    ** and decodes the page from it; nothing is retained.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   @Override
+   public GenerationPorts.Preview preview(GenerationPorts.PreviewRequest request) throws QException
+   {
+      return (delegate.preview(request));
+   }
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** The existing bridge honours a render target or refuses it by name.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   @Override
+   public boolean supportsRenderTarget()
+   {
+      return (delegate.supportsRenderTarget());
+   }
+
    /***************************************************************************
     ** The host closes this adapter during its normal shutdown lifecycle.
     ***************************************************************************/

bridges/renderer/README.md

@@ -11,6 +11,35 @@ verification (private source-matched reactor, 2026-11-02): bridge 52 tests, rend
 167 tests, zero failures/errors/skips, Checkstyle 0; see
 `docs/reviews/code-standards-followup-20261102/` in `qbit-documents` for exact commands.
 
+## Renderer versions, render target and preview
+
+The bridge accepts renderer `qqq-renderer-0.1.0` and `qqq-renderer-0.2.0` (`RendererVersion` is the rule):
+
+| Renderer | Answers | Refusals it may name | Version 2 scene, render target, preview |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| `0.1.0` | the released fields only | the 13 released codes | refused: `RENDERER_TOO_OLD` |
+| `0.2.0` | the same, with `diagnostics` (and `detail` on an error) | those and the 15 scene codes | rendered |
+
+Upgrade this library before the renderer image. A job is framed as renderer 0.1.0 reads it unless it needs more,
+so version 1 printing is unchanged against either image. Before a job only 0.2.0 can do, the bridge asks the
+worker its version with a fixed, empty validation; an old image is refused with `RENDERER_TOO_OLD` and receives
+nothing of the scene or the record.
+
+- **Render target.** `RenderRequest.targetDpi` (203, 300 or 600) is sent with a version 2 scene, and the label
+  is held by the output policy to the page at that resolution. A version 1 scene or a PDF asked for another
+  resolution than its stock's is refused as `TARGET_REQUIRES_SCENE_2` before any worker is contacted.
+  `supportsRenderTarget()` is true.
+- **Diagnostics.** A version 2 refusal arrives as `RenderException(code, diagnostic)`. The worker's answer is
+  untrusted: every diagnostic is checked again on the host, including that its element is an id the scene that
+  was sent declares and that its pointer is made only of array indexes, schema property names and those ids.
+  An answer holds at most 2048 diagnostics in one megabyte beside its label.
+- **Preview.** `preview(PreviewRequest)` is the print path stopped before retention: the same job with collected
+  diagnostics, the same integrity checks and output policy, and a page decoded by `ZplRaster` from the accepted
+  label bytes (`PreviewPage` is a one-bit PNG, one pixel for each dot). Refusals come back as diagnostics with
+  `printable: false`, never as a label: a refused scene has no output, and its page shows only the hatched
+  boxes of the refused elements. A page of more than sixteen million dots is `PREVIEW_TOO_LARGE`. PDF previews
+  are not provided. The bridge writes and logs nothing for a preview.
+
 Three transports share the same bridge, asset, wire and output policy:
 
 - **Production (default):** `new IsolatedRendererBridge(configuration, assetReader)`

bridges/renderer/pom.xml

@@ -38,18 +38,21 @@
       <plugin><groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId><artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId><version>3.8.1</version><executions><execution><id>runtime-distribution</id><phase>package</phase><goals><goal>copy-dependencies</goal></goals><configuration><includeScope>runtime</includeScope><outputDirectory>${project.build.directory}/lib</outputDirectory></configuration></execution></executions></plugin>
       <plugin><groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId><artifactId>maven-checkstyle-plugin</artifactId><version>3.3.1</version><dependencies><dependency><groupId>com.puppycrawl.tools</groupId><artifactId>checkstyle</artifactId><version>10.12.6</version></dependency></dependencies><configuration><configLocation>${project.basedir}/checkstyle/config.xml</configLocation><propertyExpansion>checkstyle.reactor.root=${project.basedir}</propertyExpansion><includeTestSourceDirectory>true</includeTestSourceDirectory><consoleOutput>true</consoleOutput><violationSeverity>warning</violationSeverity><failOnViolation>true</failOnViolation></configuration><executions><execution><phase>validate</phase><goals><goal>check</goal></goals></execution></executions></plugin>
       <plugin>
-         <!-- Coverage gates. The BUNDLE rule is the measured baseline of the existing bridge, rounded down (2026-11-11: 85.6% of instructions and 82.6% of lines); raise it when coverage rises and
+         <!-- Coverage gates. The BUNDLE rule is the measured baseline of the bridge, rounded down (2026-11-12, with the preview classes: 90.9% of instructions and 88.4% of lines; 2026-11-11: 85.6% and 82.6%); raise it when coverage rises and
               never lower it. The PACKAGE and CLASS rules hold new code to 100% line coverage from its first commit; a pattern matches nothing until its package or class exists, so the package that adds
-              it needs no change here. Nothing is excluded: JaCoCo skips only code annotated as generated, and this build defines no such annotation. There is no skip switch. -->
+              it needs no change here. The classes of the bridge preview package (ZplRaster, and WorkerAnswer, SceneFacts and RendererVersion, which read the worker's answers) are listed by name. Nothing is excluded: JaCoCo skips only code annotated as generated, and this build defines no such annotation. There is no skip switch. -->
          <groupId>org.jacoco</groupId><artifactId>jacoco-maven-plugin</artifactId><version>0.8.15</version><executions>
          <execution><goals><goal>prepare-agent</goal></goals></execution>
          <execution><id>report</id><phase>verify</phase><goals><goal>report</goal></goals></execution>
          <execution><id>coverage</id><phase>verify</phase><goals><goal>check</goal></goals><configuration><rules>
             <rule><element>BUNDLE</element><limits>
-               <limit><counter>INSTRUCTION</counter><value>COVEREDRATIO</value><minimum>0.85</minimum></limit>
-               <limit><counter>LINE</counter><value>COVEREDRATIO</value><minimum>0.82</minimum></limit>
+               <limit><counter>INSTRUCTION</counter><value>COVEREDRATIO</value><minimum>0.90</minimum></limit>
+               <limit><counter>LINE</counter><value>COVEREDRATIO</value><minimum>0.88</minimum></limit>
             </limits></rule>
-            <rule><element>CLASS</element><includes><include>com.kingsrook.qbits.documentgeneration.renderer.ZplRaster</include><include>com.kingsrook.qbits.documentgeneration.renderer.ZplRaster.*</include></includes><limits>
+            <rule><element>CLASS</element><includes><include>com.kingsrook.qbits.documentgeneration.renderer.ZplRaster</include><include>com.kingsrook.qbits.documentgeneration.renderer.ZplRaster.*</include>
+               <include>com.kingsrook.qbits.documentgeneration.renderer.WorkerAnswer</include><include>com.kingsrook.qbits.documentgeneration.renderer.WorkerAnswer.*</include>
+               <include>com.kingsrook.qbits.documentgeneration.renderer.SceneFacts</include><include>com.kingsrook.qbits.documentgeneration.renderer.SceneFacts.*</include>
+               <include>com.kingsrook.qbits.documentgeneration.renderer.RendererVersion</include><include>com.kingsrook.qbits.documentgeneration.renderer.RendererVersion.*</include></includes><limits>
                <limit><counter>LINE</counter><value>COVEREDRATIO</value><minimum>1.00</minimum></limit>
             </limits></rule>
          </rules></configuration></execution>

bridges/renderer/src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/documentgeneration/renderer/IsolatedRendererBridge.java

@@ -34,27 +34,44 @@ import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.UUID;
 import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonNode;
 import com.kingsrook.qbits.documentgeneration.GenerationPorts;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.documentgeneration.GenerationPorts.Diagnostic;
 import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.exceptions.QException;
 
 
 /*******************************************************************************
  ** Optional host adapter. All template interpretation remains inside the isolated
  ** worker; this class authorizes bytes and validates the transport/output contract.
+ **
+ ** It accepts renderer 0.1.0 and 0.2.0 (`RendererVersion` is the rule). A job
+ ** that only 0.2.0 can do (a version 2 scene, a render target, a preview) is
+ ** refused as `RENDERER_TOO_OLD` when the worker is older: the host asks the
+ ** worker its version with a fixed, empty job before it sends such a scene, and
+ ** an answer from an older worker to such a job is refused whatever it says.
  *******************************************************************************/
 public final class IsolatedRendererBridge implements GenerationPorts.IsolatedRenderer
 {
-   ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-   // the refusals renderer 0.1.0 can name. FailureCode also holds the version 2 scene refusals; a 0.1.0 worker //
-   // cannot produce those, so one that names them is rejected like any other unknown code                      //
-   ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-   private static final Set<GenerationPorts.FailureCode> RENDERER_0_1_REFUSALS = java.util.EnumSet.range(
-      GenerationPorts.FailureCode.BARCODE_FIT_TOO_SMALL, GenerationPorts.FailureCode.UNSUPPORTED_BARCODE_OPTION);
+   private static final int ENVELOPE_BYTES = 4096;
+   private static final List<Integer> RESOLUTIONS = List.of(203, 300, 600);
+
+   ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+   // the version question: validate an empty version 1 scene on a fixed stock. Every released  //
+   // renderer answers it, it holds nothing of any template or record, and the answer names the //
+   // renderer's version                                                                         //
+   ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+   static final String PROBE_SCENE = "{\"schema\":\"qqq-zpl-scene/1\",\"elements\":[]}";
+   static final GenerationPorts.Stock PROBE_STOCK = new GenerationPorts.Stock(101600, 152400, 0, 0, 0, 0, 203);
 
    private final RendererLimits config;
    private final AssetReader assets;
    private final Exchange exchange;
    private final RendererAdmission admission;
 
+   ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+   // whether the last verified answer came from a renderer that draws version 2 scenes. It only //
+   // saves the version question; every answer is still held to the version rule                //
+   ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+   private volatile boolean structured;
+
    /*******************************************************************************
     ** Must check current actor, tenant and immutable retained-version access, then
     ** read at most maximumBytes. Never return a URL or storage credential.
@@ -137,6 +154,18 @@ public final class IsolatedRendererBridge implements GenerationPorts.IsolatedRen
       }
    }
 
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** This adapter renders a version 2 scene at the request's render target and
+    ** refuses a target it cannot honour: `TARGET_REQUIRES_SCENE_2` for a version
+    ** 1 scene or a PDF asked for another resolution than its stock's, and
+    ** `RENDERER_TOO_OLD` when the worker cannot draw version 2.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   @Override
+   public boolean supportsRenderTarget()
+   {
+      return (true);
+   }
+
    /*******************************************************************************
     ** Validate each supplied format with the same authorized offline asset snapshot.
     *******************************************************************************/
@@ -154,7 +183,7 @@ public final class IsolatedRendererBridge implements GenerationPorts.IsolatedRen
             if(source != null && !source.isBlank())
             {
                found = true;
-               invoke(UUID.randomUUID().toString(), "VALIDATE", format, revision, Map.of(), resolved, config.maximumBytes());
+               invoke(UUID.randomUUID().toString(), "VALIDATE", format, revision, Map.of(), resolved, config.maximumBytes(), null, false);
             }
          }
          if(!found)
@@ -182,32 +211,9 @@ public final class IsolatedRendererBridge implements GenerationPorts.IsolatedRen
          {
             throw new IllegalArgumentException("OUTPUT_LIMIT");
          }
-         JsonNode response = invoke(request.requestId(), "RENDER", request.format(), request.revision(), request.context(), resolve(request.actorId(), request.revision().assets()), maximum);
-         String encoded = RendererJson.text(response.get("base64"), 4 * ((maximum + 2) / 3));
-         byte[] bytes = Base64.getDecoder().decode(encoded);
-         if(bytes.length < 1 || bytes.length > maximum || RendererJson.integer(response.get("length"), 1, maximum) != bytes.length
-            || !RendererJson.hash(bytes).equals(RendererJson.text(response.get("sha256"), 64)))
-         {
-            throw new IllegalArgumentException("OUTPUT_INTEGRITY");
-         }
-         int pages = RendererJson.integer(response.get("pageCount"), 1, config.maximumPages());
-         if(request.format() == GenerationPorts.Format.ZPL)
-         {
-            if(pages != 1 || !"application/vnd.zebra-zpl".equals(response.path("mediaType").asText()))
-            {
-               throw new IllegalArgumentException("ZPL_METADATA");
-            }
-            ZplOutputPolicy.validate(bytes, request.revision().stock());
-         }
-         else
-         {
-            if(!"application/pdf".equals(response.path("mediaType").asText()))
-            {
-               throw new IllegalArgumentException("PDF_METADATA");
-            }
-            pdfEnvelope(bytes);
-         }
-         return (new GenerationPorts.Content(bytes));
+         WorkerAnswer answer = invoke(request.requestId(), "RENDER", request.format(), request.revision(), request.context(), resolve(request.actorId(), request.revision().assets()), maximum,
+            request.targetDpi(), false);
+         return (new GenerationPorts.Content(output(answer, request.format(), maximum, at(request.revision().stock(), request.targetDpi()))));
       }
       catch(Exception failure)
       {
@@ -215,11 +221,165 @@ public final class IsolatedRendererBridge implements GenerationPorts.IsolatedRen
       }
    }
 
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** The print path stopped before retention: the worker renders the same
+    ** revision with the same context, the label passes the same integrity checks
+    ** and the same output policy, and the page is decoded from those accepted
+    ** bytes. The result holds a picture and numbers, never the label, and
+    ** nothing is written, retained or logged. A refusal is not an exception
+    ** here: the layout is reported as not printable with its diagnostics.
+    **
+    ** A scene with a refused element has no label at all (the worker sends
+    ** none), so there is nothing a host could print by mistake. Its page shows
+    ** only where the refused elements are, hatched, from the boxes in their
+    ** diagnostics; when no diagnostic has a box there is no page.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   @Override
+   @SuppressWarnings("try") // The admission slot is held for its scope only; its value is never read.
+   public GenerationPorts.Preview preview(GenerationPorts.PreviewRequest request) throws QException
+   {
+      if(request.format() != GenerationPorts.Format.ZPL)
+      {
+         throw new QException("Preview is available for labels only.");
+      }
+      try(var slot = admission.enter())
+      {
+         int maximum = request.maximumBytes();
+         if(maximum > config.maximumBytes())
+         {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("OUTPUT_LIMIT");
+         }
+         GenerationPorts.Stock printed = at(request.revision().stock(), request.targetDpi());
+         stock(printed);
+         int width = dots(printed.widthMicrons(), printed.dpi(), 12700);
+         int height = dots(printed.heightMicrons(), printed.dpi(), 12700);
+         if(!RESOLUTIONS.contains(printed.dpi()) || width > 9999 || height > 32000)
+         {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("INVALID_ZPL_STOCK");
+         }
+         try
+         {
+            if((long) width * height > ZplRaster.MAXIMUM_DOTS)
+            {
+               throw new GenerationPorts.RenderException(GenerationPorts.FailureCode.PREVIEW_TOO_LARGE, new Diagnostic("PREVIEW_TOO_LARGE", Diagnostic.Severity.ERROR, null, null,
+                  Map.of("widthDots", width, "heightDots", height), Map.of("dots", (int) ZplRaster.MAXIMUM_DOTS)));
+            }
+            WorkerAnswer answer = invoke(UUID.randomUUID().toString(), "RENDER", request.format(), request.revision(), request.context(), resolve(request.actorId(), request.revision().assets()),
+               maximum, request.targetDpi(), true);
+            if(answer.refused())
+            {
+               return (refused(printed, answer.diagnostics()));
+            }
+            byte[] bytes = output(answer, request.format(), maximum, printed);
+            ZplRaster page = ZplRaster.page(bytes, printed);
+            List<Diagnostic> diagnostics = new ArrayList<>(answer.diagnostics());
+            if(!page.exact())
+            {
+               diagnostics.add(new Diagnostic("PRINTER_FONT_NOT_SHOWN", Diagnostic.Severity.WARNING, null, null, null, null));
+            }
+            return (new GenerationPorts.Preview(List.of(new GenerationPorts.PreviewPage(page.png(), page.width(), page.height())), page.exact(), true, diagnostics, (long) bytes.length,
+               RendererJson.hash(bytes)));
+         }
+         catch(GenerationPorts.RenderException refusal)
+         {
+            return (refused(printed, List.of(refusal.diagnostic() != null ? refusal.diagnostic() : new Diagnostic(refusal.code().name(), Diagnostic.Severity.ERROR, null, null, null, null))));
+         }
+      }
+      catch(Exception failure)
+      {
+         throw (failure(failure));
+      }
+   }
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** A preview of a layout that cannot print. There is no output, so its size
+    ** is zero and its hash is the hash of no bytes. The page is drawn on the
+    ** host from the diagnostics' boxes, which are in dots from the top left of
+    ** the printable area: the stock less its margins, placed as the renderer
+    ** places it (the left and top margins rounded up to whole dots and moved
+    ** back only as far as keeps the area on the page).
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   private static GenerationPorts.Preview refused(GenerationPorts.Stock printed, List<Diagnostic> diagnostics) throws Exception
+   {
+      List<List<Integer>> boxes = diagnostics.stream().filter(diagnostic -> diagnostic.severity() == Diagnostic.Severity.ERROR && diagnostic.box() != null).map(Diagnostic::box).toList();
+      List<GenerationPorts.PreviewPage> pages = List.of();
+      if(!boxes.isEmpty())
+      {
+         int dpi = printed.dpi();
+         int width = dots(printed.widthMicrons(), dpi, 12700);
+         int height = dots(printed.heightMicrons(), dpi, 12700);
+         int left = Math.min(dots(printed.leftMicrons(), dpi, 25399), width - dots(printed.widthMicrons() - printed.leftMicrons() - printed.rightMicrons(), dpi, 0));
+         int top = Math.min(dots(printed.topMicrons(), dpi, 25399), height - dots(printed.heightMicrons() - printed.topMicrons() - printed.bottomMicrons(), dpi, 0));
+         ZplRaster page = ZplRaster.refused(width, height, left, top, boxes);
+         pages = List.of(new GenerationPorts.PreviewPage(page.png(), page.width(), page.height()));
+      }
+      return (new GenerationPorts.Preview(pages, false, false, diagnostics, 0L, RendererJson.hash(new byte[0])));
+   }
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** The document of an accepted answer, checked exactly as for printing: its
+    ** decoded size and hash, its metadata, and for a label the output policy for
+    ** the stock at the resolution it was rendered for.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   private byte[] output(WorkerAnswer answer, GenerationPorts.Format format, int maximum, GenerationPorts.Stock printed) throws Exception
+   {
+      JsonNode response = answer.fields();
+      String encoded = RendererJson.text(response.get("base64"), 4 * ((maximum + 2) / 3));
+      byte[] bytes = Base64.getDecoder().decode(encoded);
+      if(bytes.length < 1 || bytes.length > maximum || RendererJson.integer(response.get("length"), 1, maximum) != bytes.length
+         || !RendererJson.hash(bytes).equals(RendererJson.text(response.get("sha256"), 64)))
+      {
+         throw new IllegalArgumentException("OUTPUT_INTEGRITY");
+      }
+      int pages = RendererJson.integer(response.get("pageCount"), 1, config.maximumPages());
+      if(format == GenerationPorts.Format.ZPL)
+      {
+         if(pages != 1 || !"application/vnd.zebra-zpl".equals(response.path("mediaType").asText()))
+         {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("ZPL_METADATA");
+         }
+         ZplOutputPolicy.validate(bytes, printed);
+      }
+      else
+      {
+         if(!"application/pdf".equals(response.path("mediaType").asText()))
+         {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("PDF_METADATA");
+         }
+         pdfEnvelope(bytes);
+      }
+      return (bytes);
+   }
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** The stock at the resolution a label is rendered for: its own, or the
+    ** render target.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   private static GenerationPorts.Stock at(GenerationPorts.Stock stock, Integer targetDpi)
+   {
+      return (targetDpi == null ? stock : new GenerationPorts.Stock(stock.widthMicrons(), stock.heightMicrons(), stock.topMicrons(), stock.rightMicrons(), stock.bottomMicrons(),
+         stock.leftMicrons(), targetDpi));
+   }
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** Micrometres to dots. The addend chooses the rounding: half an inch of
+    ** micrometres for the nearest dot (a page side, as the output policy
+    ** computes it), one less than an inch to round up and nothing to round down.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   private static int dots(int micrometres, int dpi, int addend)
+   {
+      return (Math.toIntExact(((long) micrometres * dpi + addend) / 25400));
+   }
+
    /*******************************************************************************
     ** Encode pure data only; host objects are rejected before Jackson can reflect.
+    ** The job is framed as renderer 0.1.0 reads it unless it needs more: a render
+    ** target is sent only for a version 2 scene, and collected diagnostics only
+    ** for a preview. A version 1 scene or a PDF asked for another resolution than
+    ** its stock's is refused here, because a renderer would ignore the target.
     *******************************************************************************/
-   private JsonNode invoke(String id, String operation, GenerationPorts.Format format, GenerationPorts.Revision revision,
-      Map<String, Object> context, List<Map<String, Object>> resolved, int maximum) throws Exception
+   private WorkerAnswer invoke(String id, String operation, GenerationPorts.Format format, GenerationPorts.Revision revision,
+      Map<String, Object> context, List<Map<String, Object>> resolved, int maximum, Integer targetDpi, boolean collect) throws Exception
    {
       if(id == null || !id.matches("[A-Za-z0-9._:-]{1,128}") || format == null)
       {
@@ -230,65 +390,78 @@ public final class IsolatedRendererBridge implements GenerationPorts.IsolatedRen
       {
          throw new IllegalArgumentException("SOURCE_LIMIT");
       }
+      SceneFacts facts = SceneFacts.of(format, source);
+      if(targetDpi != null && !facts.version2() && !targetDpi.equals(revision.stock().dpi()))
+      {
+         throw new GenerationPorts.RenderException(GenerationPorts.FailureCode.TARGET_REQUIRES_SCENE_2, new Diagnostic("TARGET_REQUIRES_SCENE_2", Diagnostic.Severity.ERROR, null, null,
+            Map.of("dpi", targetDpi), Map.of("dpi", revision.stock().dpi())));
+      }
+      boolean current = facts.version2() || collect;
+      Map<String, Object> request = request(id, operation, format, source, revision.stock(), new Snapshot().copy(context, 0), resolved, maximum);
+      if(targetDpi != null && facts.version2())
+      {
+         request.put("targetDpi", targetDpi);
+      }
+      if(collect)
+      {
+         request.put("diagnostics", "COLLECT");
+      }
+      byte[] input = (RendererJson.JSON.writeValueAsString(request) + "\n").getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+      if(input.length > 16 * 1024 * 1024)
+      {
+         throw new IllegalArgumentException("FRAME_LIMIT");
+      }
+      if(current && !structured)
+      {
+         probe();
+      }
+      ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+      // an answer of renderer 0.2.0 to such a job also carries diagnostics. They get their own bounded //
+      // room, and the whole frame never passes what the deployment's transport was sized for: the     //
+      // frame of the largest document this adapter may ask for                                         //
+      ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+      long room = (operation.equals("VALIDATE") ? 0 : 4L * ((maximum + 2) / 3)) + ENVELOPE_BYTES + (current ? WorkerAnswer.DIAGNOSTICS_BYTES : 0);
+      int maximumFrame = (int) Math.min(room, 4L * ((config.maximumBytes() + 2) / 3) + ENVELOPE_BYTES);
+      WorkerAnswer answer = WorkerAnswer.read(exchange.invoke(id, input, maximumFrame), maximumFrame, id, facts);
+      structured = answer.version().structured();
+      return (answer.settle(operation, collect, current));
+   }
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** Ask the worker its version before a job only renderer 0.2.0 can do, so
+    ** that nothing of a version 2 scene or its record reaches a renderer that
+    ** cannot draw it. The question is a constant.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   private void probe() throws Exception
+   {
+      String id = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
+      byte[] input = (RendererJson.JSON.writeValueAsString(request(id, "VALIDATE", GenerationPorts.Format.ZPL, PROBE_SCENE, PROBE_STOCK, Map.of(), List.of(), ENVELOPE_BYTES)) + "\n")
+         .getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+      WorkerAnswer answer = WorkerAnswer.read(exchange.invoke(id, input, ENVELOPE_BYTES), ENVELOPE_BYTES, id, SceneFacts.of(GenerationPorts.Format.ZPL, PROBE_SCENE));
+      structured = answer.settle("VALIDATE", false, false).version().structured();
+      if(!structured)
+      {
+         throw new GenerationPorts.RenderException(GenerationPorts.FailureCode.RENDERER_TOO_OLD);
+      }
+   }
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** The fields every job has, in the order every released renderer was sent.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   private static Map<String, Object> request(String id, String operation, GenerationPorts.Format format, String source, GenerationPorts.Stock stock, Object context,
+      List<Map<String, Object>> resolved, int maximum)
+   {
       Map<String, Object> request = new LinkedHashMap<>();
       request.put("protocol", RendererJson.PROTOCOL);
       request.put("requestId", id);
       request.put("operation", operation);
       request.put("format", format.name());
       request.put("source", source);
-      request.put("stock", stock(revision.stock()));
-      request.put("context", new Snapshot().copy(context, 0));
+      request.put("stock", stock(stock));
+      request.put("context", context);
       request.put("assets", resolved);
       request.put("maximumBytes", maximum);
-      byte[] input = (RendererJson.JSON.writeValueAsString(request) + "\n").getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
-      if(input.length > 16 * 1024 * 1024)
-      {
-         throw new IllegalArgumentException("FRAME_LIMIT");
-      }
-      int maximumFrame = operation.equals("VALIDATE") ? 4096 : 4 * ((maximum + 2) / 3) + 4096;
-      byte[] output = exchange.invoke(id, input, maximumFrame);
-      if(output.length == 0 || output[output.length - 1] != '\n')
-      {
-         throw new IllegalArgumentException("FRAME_TRUNCATED");
-      }
-      for(int i = 0; i < output.length - 1; i++)
-      {
-         if(output[i] == '\n' || output[i] == '\r')
-         {
-            throw new IllegalArgumentException("EXTRA_FRAME");
-         }
-      }
-      JsonNode result = RendererJson.response(output, maximumFrame);
-      if("ERROR".equals(result.path("outcome").asText()))
-      {
-         if(result.size() != 6 || !RendererJson.PROTOCOL.equals(result.path("protocol").asText()) || !id.equals(result.path("requestId").asText())
-            || !"qqq-renderer-0.1.0".equals(result.path("rendererVersion").asText()) || !"qqq-barcodes-9".equals(result.path("catalogVersion").asText()))
-         {
-            throw new IllegalArgumentException("WORKER_ERROR_REJECTED");
-         }
-         GenerationPorts.FailureCode code;
-         try
-         {
-            code = GenerationPorts.FailureCode.valueOf(RendererJson.text(result.get("code"), 64));
-         }
-         catch(IllegalArgumentException unknown)
-         {
-            throw new IllegalArgumentException("WORKER_ERROR_REJECTED");
-         }
-         if(!RENDERER_0_1_REFUSALS.contains(code))
-         {
-            throw new IllegalArgumentException("WORKER_ERROR_REJECTED");
-         }
-         throw new GenerationPorts.RenderException(code);
-      }
-      int expectedFields = operation.equals("VALIDATE") ? 5 : 10;
-      if(result.size() != expectedFields || !RendererJson.PROTOCOL.equals(result.path("protocol").asText()) || !id.equals(result.path("requestId").asText())
-         || !"OK".equals(result.path("outcome").asText()) || !"qqq-renderer-0.1.0".equals(result.path("rendererVersion").asText())
-         || !"qqq-barcodes-9".equals(result.path("catalogVersion").asText()))
-      {
-         throw new IllegalArgumentException("WORKER_RESPONSE_REJECTED");
-      }
-      return (result);
+      return (request);
    }
 
    /*******************************************************************************

bridges/renderer/src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/documentgeneration/renderer/RendererJson.java

@@ -21,22 +21,17 @@
 package com.kingsrook.qbits.documentgeneration.renderer;
 
 
-import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
-import java.io.InputStreamReader;
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
 import java.nio.charset.CodingErrorAction;
 import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
 import java.security.MessageDigest;
 import java.util.HexFormat;
-import java.util.Set;
 import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonFactory;
-import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonToken;
 import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.StreamReadConstraints;
 import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.StreamReadFeature;
 import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.DeserializationFeature;
 import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonNode;
 import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
-import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.node.ObjectNode;
 
 
 /*******************************************************************************
@@ -77,65 +72,6 @@ final class RendererJson
    }
 
 
-   /*******************************************************************************
-    ** Worker success/error responses have known scalar fields, not arbitrary trees.
-    ** Reject unknown/nested values before allocating an attacker-shaped graph.
-    *******************************************************************************/
-   static JsonNode response(byte[] bytes, int maximum) throws Exception
-   {
-      if(bytes.length > maximum)
-      {
-         throw new IllegalArgumentException("RESPONSE_BYTE_LIMIT");
-      }
-      Set<String> textFields = Set.of("protocol", "requestId", "outcome", "rendererVersion", "catalogVersion", "mediaType", "base64", "sha256", "code");
-      ObjectNode result = JSON.createObjectNode();
-      var decoder = StandardCharsets.UTF_8.newDecoder().onMalformedInput(CodingErrorAction.REPORT).onUnmappableCharacter(CodingErrorAction.REPORT);
-      try(var reader = new InputStreamReader(new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes), decoder); var parser = JSON.getFactory().createParser(reader))
-      {
-         if(parser.nextToken() != JsonToken.START_OBJECT)
-         {
-            throw new IllegalArgumentException("RESPONSE_OBJECT_REQUIRED");
-         }
-         while(parser.nextToken() != JsonToken.END_OBJECT)
-         {
-            if(parser.currentToken() != JsonToken.FIELD_NAME)
-            {
-               throw new IllegalArgumentException("RESPONSE_FIELD_REQUIRED");
-            }
-            String field = parser.currentName();
-            boolean text = textFields.contains(field);
-            if(!text && !field.equals("length") && !field.equals("pageCount"))
-            {
-               throw new IllegalArgumentException("UNKNOWN_RESPONSE_FIELD");
-            }
-            JsonToken token = parser.nextToken();
-            if(text && token == JsonToken.VALUE_STRING)
-            {
-               String value = parser.getText();
-               if(value.length() > (field.equals("base64") ? maximum : 128))
-               {
-                  throw new IllegalArgumentException("RESPONSE_TEXT_LIMIT");
-               }
-               result.put(field, value);
-            }
-            else if(!text && token == JsonToken.VALUE_NUMBER_INT)
-            {
-               result.put(field, parser.getIntValue());
-            }
-            else
-            {
-               throw new IllegalArgumentException("RESPONSE_SCALAR_REQUIRED");
-            }
-         }
-         if(parser.nextToken() != null)
-         {
-            throw new IllegalArgumentException("RESPONSE_TRAILING_VALUE");
-         }
-      }
-      return (result);
-   }
-
-
    /*******************************************************************************
     ** Identity is calculated locally from exact bytes, never trusted from worker.
     *******************************************************************************/

bridges/renderer/src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/documentgeneration/renderer/RendererVersion.java

@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+/*
+ * QQQ - Low-code Application Framework for Engineers.
+ * Copyright (C) 2021-2025.  Kingsrook, LLC
+ * 651 N Broad St Ste 205 # 6917 | Middletown DE 19709 | United States
+ * contact@kingsrook.com
+ * https://github.com/Kingsrook/
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.kingsrook.qbits.documentgeneration.renderer;
+
+
+import java.util.Set;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.documentgeneration.GenerationPorts.FailureCode;
+
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ ** The version rule: the renderers this bridge accepts, and for each one what
+ ** its answers hold and which refusals it may name. Anything else a worker says
+ ** its version is, is rejected.
+ **
+ ** | Renderer | Answers                                    | Refusals it may name          | Version 2 scene, render target, preview |
+ ** |----------|--------------------------------------------|-------------------------------|-----------------------------------------|
+ ** | 0.1.0    | the released fields only                   | the 13 released codes         | refused: `RENDERER_TOO_OLD`             |
+ ** | 0.2.0    | the same, with `diagnostics` (and `detail`) | those and the 15 scene codes | rendered                                |
+ **
+ ** Each set is written out. A range of the enum would take in whatever is added
+ ** between its ends, and a worker would gain a refusal nobody decided it has.
+ *******************************************************************************/
+enum RendererVersion
+{
+   RELEASED("qqq-renderer-0.1.0", false, Set.of(
+      FailureCode.BARCODE_FIT_TOO_SMALL, FailureCode.BARCODE_FIT_UNSUPPORTED, FailureCode.BARCODE_FIT_BOX_OUTSIDE_STOCK, FailureCode.BARCODE_FIT_GEOMETRY_MISMATCH,
+      FailureCode.INVALID_BARCODE_FIT_PROFILE, FailureCode.INVALID_BARCODE_FIT_REQUEST, FailureCode.BARCODE_SYMBOLOGY_NOT_ALLOWED, FailureCode.SYMBOLOGY_ALLOWLIST_REQUIRED,
+      FailureCode.SCANNER_BARCODE_PROFILE_UNSUPPORTED, FailureCode.SCANNER_BARCODE_PAYLOAD_UNSUPPORTED, FailureCode.SCANNER_BARCODE_CHECKSUM_REQUIRED,
+      FailureCode.SCANNER_BARCODE_CHECKSUM_MISMATCH, FailureCode.UNSUPPORTED_BARCODE_OPTION)),
+
+   CURRENT("qqq-renderer-0.2.0", true, Set.of(
+      FailureCode.BARCODE_FIT_TOO_SMALL, FailureCode.BARCODE_FIT_UNSUPPORTED, FailureCode.BARCODE_FIT_BOX_OUTSIDE_STOCK, FailureCode.BARCODE_FIT_GEOMETRY_MISMATCH,
+      FailureCode.INVALID_BARCODE_FIT_PROFILE, FailureCode.INVALID_BARCODE_FIT_REQUEST, FailureCode.BARCODE_SYMBOLOGY_NOT_ALLOWED, FailureCode.SYMBOLOGY_ALLOWLIST_REQUIRED,
+      FailureCode.SCANNER_BARCODE_PROFILE_UNSUPPORTED, FailureCode.SCANNER_BARCODE_PAYLOAD_UNSUPPORTED, FailureCode.SCANNER_BARCODE_CHECKSUM_REQUIRED,
+      FailureCode.SCANNER_BARCODE_CHECKSUM_MISMATCH, FailureCode.UNSUPPORTED_BARCODE_OPTION,
+      FailureCode.SCENE_INVALID, FailureCode.STOCK_MISMATCH, FailureCode.TARGET_REQUIRES_SCENE_2, FailureCode.ELEMENT_OUTSIDE_PRINTABLE_AREA, FailureCode.TEXT_DOES_NOT_FIT,
+      FailureCode.VALUE_MISSING, FailureCode.VALUE_TOO_LONG, FailureCode.FONT_UNKNOWN, FailureCode.FONT_MISSING_GLYPH, FailureCode.RESERVED_FONT_NAME,
+      FailureCode.BARCODE_DOES_NOT_FIT, FailureCode.GS1_INVALID, FailureCode.ASSET_UNKNOWN, FailureCode.PREVIEW_TOO_LARGE, FailureCode.RENDERER_TOO_OLD));
+
+   private final String wire;
+   private final boolean structured;
+   private final Set<FailureCode> refusals;
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** One accepted renderer.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   RendererVersion(String wire, boolean structured, Set<FailureCode> refusals)
+   {
+      this.wire = wire;
+      this.structured = structured;
+      this.refusals = refusals;
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** The accepted renderer an answer names, or null: a version this bridge was
+    ** not built for is never guessed at.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   static RendererVersion of(String rendererVersion)
+   {
+      for(RendererVersion version : values())
+      {
+         if(version.wire.equals(rendererVersion))
+         {
+            return (version);
+         }
+      }
+      return (null);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** Whether this renderer's answers carry `diagnostics` and `detail`, and so
+    ** whether it renders a version 2 scene, a render target and a preview.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   boolean structured()
+   {
+      return (structured);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** Whether this renderer may name a refusal. A code outside its set is
+    ** rejected like any unknown text.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   boolean names(FailureCode code)
+   {
+      return (refusals.contains(code));
+   }
+}

bridges/renderer/src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/documentgeneration/renderer/SceneFacts.java

@@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
+/*
+ * QQQ - Low-code Application Framework for Engineers.
+ * Copyright (C) 2021-2025.  Kingsrook, LLC
+ * 651 N Broad St Ste 205 # 6917 | Middletown DE 19709 | United States
+ * contact@kingsrook.com
+ * https://github.com/Kingsrook/
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.kingsrook.qbits.documentgeneration.renderer;
+
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.regex.Pattern;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonFactory;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonParser;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonToken;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.StreamReadConstraints;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.StreamReadFeature;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.documentgeneration.GenerationPorts;
+
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ ** What the host reads from a label source it is about to send, and nothing
+ ** more: whether it says it is a version 2 scene, and the element ids it
+ ** declares. The host does not lay out, validate or draw a scene; the worker
+ ** does. These two facts are what the version rule and the check of a worker's
+ ** diagnostics need: a diagnostic may name only an element this scene declares
+ ** and point only through array indexes, property names of the version 2 schema
+ ** and declared ids.
+ **
+ ** A source the host cannot read is not a version 2 scene to the host and
+ ** declares nothing. If the worker reads it differently, every disagreement
+ ** fails closed: its diagnostics name ids the host does not know and are
+ ** rejected, and no render target was sent for it.
+ *******************************************************************************/
+final class SceneFacts
+{
+   static final String SCHEMA = "qqq-zpl-scene/2";
+
+   ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+   // every property name `renderer/schema/zpl-scene-2.schema.json` declares; a test holds the //
+   // two equal, so a property added to the schema is added here in the same change           //
+   ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+   static final Set<String> VOCABULARY = Set.of("schema", "design", "defaults", "samples", "elements", "overrides", "when", "dpi", "set", "children",
+      "id", "type", "anchor", "x", "y", "width", "height", "align", "valign",
+      "thickness", "fill",
+      "value", "valuePath", "font", "size", "lineHeight", "fit", "maxLines", "shrinkTo", "overflow", "maxLength", "threshold", "reverse", "rotation",
+      "symbology", "symbologyPath", "allowedSymbologies", "minModule", "maxModule", "quiet", "gs1", "hri", "scannerSymbologyPath", "aimIdentifierPath",
+      "asset", "mode");
+
+   private static final SceneFacts NONE = new SceneFacts(false, Set.of());
+   private static final Pattern ID = Pattern.compile("[A-Za-z][A-Za-z0-9_-]{0,31}");
+   private static final Pattern INDEX = Pattern.compile("0|[1-9][0-9]{0,3}");
+   private static final int MAXIMUM_IDS = 1000;
+
+   ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+   // the worker's own reading limits, so the host and the worker read the same sources        //
+   ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+   private static final JsonFactory JSON = JsonFactory.builder().streamReadConstraints(StreamReadConstraints.builder().maxNestingDepth(24).maxNumberLength(32).build())
+      .enable(StreamReadFeature.STRICT_DUPLICATE_DETECTION).build();
+
+   private final boolean version2;
+   private final Set<String> ids;
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** The facts of one source.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   private SceneFacts(boolean version2, Set<String> ids)
+   {
+      this.version2 = version2;
+      this.ids = ids;
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** Read the facts of the source a job will send. Only a label can be a scene.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   static SceneFacts of(GenerationPorts.Format format, String source)
+   {
+      if(format != GenerationPorts.Format.ZPL)
+      {
+         return (NONE);
+      }
+      Set<String> ids = new HashSet<>();
+      boolean version2 = false;
+      try(JsonParser parser = JSON.createParser(source))
+      {
+         if(parser.nextToken() != JsonToken.START_OBJECT)
+         {
+            return (NONE);
+         }
+         while(parser.nextToken() == JsonToken.FIELD_NAME)
+         {
+            String name = parser.currentName();
+            JsonToken value = parser.nextToken();
+            if(name.equals("schema"))
+            {
+               version2 = value == JsonToken.VALUE_STRING && SCHEMA.equals(parser.getText());
+            }
+            if(name.equals("elements") && value == JsonToken.START_ARRAY)
+            {
+               elements(parser, ids);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+               parser.skipChildren();
+            }
+         }
+         ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+         // read to the end, as the worker does: text after the scene makes it no scene      //
+         ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+         if(parser.currentToken() != JsonToken.END_OBJECT || parser.nextToken() != null)
+         {
+            return (NONE);
+         }
+      }
+      catch(IOException | IllegalArgumentException unreadable)
+      {
+         return (NONE);
+      }
+      return (version2 ? new SceneFacts(true, Set.copyOf(ids)) : NONE);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** The ids of a list of elements and of the children of each, where the
+    ** worker's parser looks for them and nowhere else: a sample or an override
+    ** cannot declare one.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   private static void elements(JsonParser parser, Set<String> ids) throws IOException
+   {
+      while(parser.nextToken() != JsonToken.END_ARRAY)
+      {
+         if(parser.currentToken() != JsonToken.START_OBJECT)
+         {
+            parser.skipChildren();
+            continue;
+         }
+         while(parser.nextToken() == JsonToken.FIELD_NAME)
+         {
+            String name = parser.currentName();
+            JsonToken value = parser.nextToken();
+            if(name.equals("id") && value == JsonToken.VALUE_STRING && ID.matcher(parser.getText()).matches())
+            {
+               ids.add(parser.getText());
+               if(ids.size() > MAXIMUM_IDS)
+               {
+                  throw new IllegalArgumentException("SCENE_ELEMENT_LIMIT");
+               }
+            }
+            if(name.equals("children") && value == JsonToken.START_ARRAY)
+            {
+               elements(parser, ids);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+               parser.skipChildren();
+            }
+         }
+      }
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** Whether the source says it is a version 2 scene, which only renderer 0.2.0
+    ** and later can draw.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   boolean version2()
+   {
+      return (version2);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** Whether the scene declares an element with this id.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   boolean declares(String id)
+   {
+      return (ids.contains(id));
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** Whether a diagnostic's pointer could have been made from this scene: the
+    ** empty pointer (the whole scene), or segments that are each an array index,
+    ** a property name of the schema or a declared id.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   boolean points(String pointer)
+   {
+      if(pointer.isEmpty())
+      {
+         return (true);
+      }
+      if(!pointer.startsWith("/"))
+      {
+         return (false);
+      }
+      for(String segment : pointer.substring(1).split("/", -1))
+      {
+         if(!(INDEX.matcher(segment).matches() || VOCABULARY.contains(segment) || ids.contains(segment)))
+         {
+            return (false);
+         }
+      }
+      return (true);
+   }
+}

bridges/renderer/src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/documentgeneration/renderer/WorkerAnswer.java

@@ -0,0 +1,406 @@
+/*
+ * QQQ - Low-code Application Framework for Engineers.
+ * Copyright (C) 2021-2025.  Kingsrook, LLC
+ * 651 N Broad St Ste 205 # 6917 | Middletown DE 19709 | United States
+ * contact@kingsrook.com
+ * https://github.com/Kingsrook/
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.kingsrook.qbits.documentgeneration.renderer;
+
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.nio.charset.CodingErrorAction;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonParser;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonToken;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonNode;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.node.ObjectNode;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.documentgeneration.GenerationPorts;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.documentgeneration.GenerationPorts.Diagnostic;
+
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ ** One answer of the worker, read as untrusted bytes. Nothing in it is believed
+ ** until it has been held to the request it answers, to the version rule and,
+ ** for a diagnostic, to the scene the host sent: a diagnostic is a code of the
+ ** closed vocabulary, numbers, an element id that scene declares and a pointer
+ ** made of array indexes, schema property names and declared ids. A worker
+ ** cannot put a sentence, a record value or a made-up name into one.
+ **
+ ** Reading has two steps. `read` takes the frame apart and checks everything
+ ** that does not depend on what was asked: the frame, the field shapes, the
+ ** protocol, the request id, the catalog and a renderer version this bridge
+ ** accepts. `settle` then holds the answer to the question: a refusal becomes
+ ** the typed exception, anything out of place is rejected by name.
+ *******************************************************************************/
+final class WorkerAnswer
+{
+   static final String CATALOG = "qqq-barcodes-9";
+
+   ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+   // what one answer may hold beyond its label. A scene has at most 1000 elements; each can be    //
+   // refused once and warned about a few times. 2048 findings in one megabyte is far more than a  //
+   // real label makes and bounds what a hostile worker can make the host read and keep            //
+   ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+   static final int MAXIMUM_DIAGNOSTICS = 2048;
+   static final int DIAGNOSTICS_BYTES = 1024 * 1024;
+
+   private static final Set<String> TEXT = Set.of("protocol", "requestId", "outcome", "rendererVersion", "catalogVersion", "mediaType", "base64", "sha256", "code");
+   private static final Set<String> NUMBERS = Set.of("length", "pageCount");
+   private static final int MAXIMUM_BOX = 1_000_000;
+
+   private final ObjectNode fields;
+   private final RendererVersion version;
+   private final List<Diagnostic> diagnostics;
+   private final Diagnostic detail;
+   private final boolean detailed;
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** An answer whose parts have been read and whose envelope has been checked.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   private WorkerAnswer(ObjectNode fields, RendererVersion version, List<Diagnostic> diagnostics, Diagnostic detail, boolean detailed)
+   {
+      this.fields = fields;
+      this.version = version;
+      this.diagnostics = diagnostics;
+      this.detail = detail;
+      this.detailed = detailed;
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** Read one frame: exactly one line of strict JSON whose fields are the known
+    ** ones in their known shapes, from an accepted renderer, for this request.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   static WorkerAnswer read(byte[] output, int maximumFrame, String requestId, SceneFacts facts) throws IOException
+   {
+      if(output.length > maximumFrame)
+      {
+         throw new IllegalArgumentException("RESPONSE_BYTE_LIMIT");
+      }
+      if(output.length == 0 || output[output.length - 1] != '\n')
+      {
+         throw new IllegalArgumentException("FRAME_TRUNCATED");
+      }
+      for(int index = 0; index < output.length - 1; index++)
+      {
+         if(output[index] == '\n' || output[index] == '\r')
+         {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("EXTRA_FRAME");
+         }
+      }
+      ObjectNode fields = RendererJson.JSON.createObjectNode();
+      List<Diagnostic> diagnostics = null;
+      Diagnostic detail = null;
+      boolean detailed = false;
+      var decoder = StandardCharsets.UTF_8.newDecoder().onMalformedInput(CodingErrorAction.REPORT).onUnmappableCharacter(CodingErrorAction.REPORT);
+      try(var reader = new InputStreamReader(new ByteArrayInputStream(output), decoder); JsonParser parser = RendererJson.JSON.getFactory().createParser(reader))
+      {
+         if(parser.nextToken() != JsonToken.START_OBJECT)
+         {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("RESPONSE_OBJECT_REQUIRED");
+         }
+         while(parser.nextToken() != JsonToken.END_OBJECT)
+         {
+            String field = parser.currentName();
+            JsonToken token = parser.nextToken();
+            if(TEXT.contains(field) && token == JsonToken.VALUE_STRING)
+            {
+               fields.put(field, text(parser, field.equals("base64") ? maximumFrame : 128));
+            }
+            else if(NUMBERS.contains(field) && token == JsonToken.VALUE_NUMBER_INT)
+            {
+               fields.put(field, parser.getIntValue());
+            }
+            else if(field.equals("diagnostics") && token == JsonToken.START_ARRAY)
+            {
+               diagnostics = new ArrayList<>();
+               while(parser.nextToken() != JsonToken.END_ARRAY)
+               {
+                  if(diagnostics.size() == MAXIMUM_DIAGNOSTICS)
+                  {
+                     throw new IllegalArgumentException("DIAGNOSTIC_LIMIT");
+                  }
+                  diagnostics.add(diagnostic(parser, facts));
+               }
+            }
+            else if(field.equals("detail") && token == JsonToken.START_OBJECT)
+            {
+               detail = diagnostic(parser, facts);
+               detailed = true;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+               throw new IllegalArgumentException("RESPONSE_FIELD_REJECTED");
+            }
+         }
+         if(parser.nextToken() != null)
+         {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("RESPONSE_TRAILING_VALUE");
+         }
+      }
+      RendererVersion version = RendererVersion.of(fields.path("rendererVersion").textValue());
+      if(version == null || !RendererJson.PROTOCOL.equals(fields.path("protocol").textValue()) || !requestId.equals(fields.path("requestId").textValue())
+         || !CATALOG.equals(fields.path("catalogVersion").textValue()) || !Set.of("OK", "REFUSED", "ERROR").contains(fields.path("outcome").asText()))
+      {
+         throw new IllegalArgumentException("WORKER_RESPONSE_REJECTED");
+      }
+      return (new WorkerAnswer(fields, version, diagnostics == null ? null : List.copyOf(diagnostics), detail, detailed));
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** Hold the answer to what was asked. `current` says the job needs renderer
+    ** 0.2.0 (a version 2 scene, or collected diagnostics); `collect` says the
+    ** job asked for every diagnostic, which is the only way an answer may be
+    ** `REFUSED`. A refusal the renderer may name leaves as the typed exception
+    ** with its diagnostic; an answer that is returned is `OK` or `REFUSED` and
+    ** has exactly the fields its outcome and renderer allow.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   WorkerAnswer settle(String operation, boolean collect, boolean current) throws GenerationPorts.RenderException
+   {
+      if(current && !version.structured())
+      {
+         ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+         // whatever an old renderer said about a job it cannot do, it did not do the job     //
+         ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+         throw new GenerationPorts.RenderException(GenerationPorts.FailureCode.RENDERER_TOO_OLD);
+      }
+      String outcome = fields.path("outcome").textValue();
+      if(outcome.equals("ERROR"))
+      {
+         throw refusal();
+      }
+      boolean refused = outcome.equals("REFUSED");
+      int expected = refused || operation.equals("VALIDATE") ? 5 : 10;
+      boolean errors = diagnostics != null && diagnostics.stream().anyMatch(WorkerAnswer::error);
+      if(fields.size() != expected || detailed || (diagnostics != null) != version.structured() || (refused && !(collect && errors)) || (!refused && errors))
+      {
+         throw new IllegalArgumentException("WORKER_RESPONSE_REJECTED");
+      }
+      return (this);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** The typed refusal of an error answer, or the rejection of one that is not
+    ** exactly an error answer of its renderer.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   private GenerationPorts.RenderException refusal()
+   {
+      GenerationPorts.FailureCode code;
+      try
+      {
+         code = GenerationPorts.FailureCode.valueOf(RendererJson.text(fields.get("code"), 64));
+      }
+      catch(IllegalArgumentException unknown)
+      {
+         throw new IllegalArgumentException("WORKER_ERROR_REJECTED");
+      }
+      if(fields.size() != 6 || diagnostics != null || (detailed && !version.structured()) || !version.names(code)
+         || (detailed && !(error(detail) && detail.code().equals(code.name()))))
+      {
+         throw new IllegalArgumentException("WORKER_ERROR_REJECTED");
+      }
+      return (new GenerationPorts.RenderException(code, detail));
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** The renderer that answered.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   RendererVersion version()
+   {
+      return (version);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** Whether the renderer collected at least one error and so sent no label.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   boolean refused()
+   {
+      return ("REFUSED".equals(fields.path("outcome").textValue()));
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** The scalar fields of the answer.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   JsonNode fields()
+   {
+      return (fields);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** The findings of the answer, in the order the renderer found them; none
+    ** for a renderer that has none.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   List<Diagnostic> diagnostics()
+   {
+      return (diagnostics == null ? List.of() : diagnostics);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** Whether a finding stops printing.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   private static boolean error(Diagnostic diagnostic)
+   {
+      return (diagnostic.severity() == Diagnostic.Severity.ERROR);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** One diagnostic object, field by field. The record admits only the closed
+    ** vocabulary and number shapes; the scene admits only its own ids and
+    ** pointers.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   private static Diagnostic diagnostic(JsonParser parser, SceneFacts facts) throws IOException
+   {
+      if(parser.currentToken() != JsonToken.START_OBJECT)
+      {
+         throw new IllegalArgumentException("DIAGNOSTIC_OBJECT_REQUIRED");
+      }
+      Map<String, String> words = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+      List<Integer> box = null;
+      Map<String, Integer> measured = null;
+      Map<String, Integer> limit = null;
+      while(parser.nextToken() != JsonToken.END_OBJECT)
+      {
+         String field = parser.currentName();
+         JsonToken token = parser.nextToken();
+         if(Set.of("code", "severity", "element").contains(field) && token == JsonToken.VALUE_STRING)
+         {
+            words.put(field, text(parser, 64));
+         }
+         else if(field.equals("pointer") && token == JsonToken.VALUE_STRING)
+         {
+            words.put(field, text(parser, 16 * 33));
+         }
+         else if(field.equals("box") && token == JsonToken.START_ARRAY)
+         {
+            box = new ArrayList<>();
+            while(parser.nextToken() != JsonToken.END_ARRAY)
+            {
+               int value = integer(parser);
+               if(box.size() == 4 || Math.abs((long) value) > MAXIMUM_BOX)
+               {
+                  throw new IllegalArgumentException("DIAGNOSTIC_BOX");
+               }
+               box.add(value);
+            }
+         }
+         else if(field.equals("measured") && token == JsonToken.START_OBJECT)
+         {
+            measured = numbers(parser);
+         }
+         else if(field.equals("limit") && token == JsonToken.START_OBJECT)
+         {
+            limit = numbers(parser);
+         }
+         else
+         {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("DIAGNOSTIC_FIELD_REJECTED");
+         }
+      }
+      Diagnostic diagnostic;
+      try
+      {
+         diagnostic = new Diagnostic(words.get("code"), Diagnostic.Severity.valueOf(String.valueOf(words.get("severity"))), words.get("element"), box, measured, limit, words.get("pointer"));
+      }
+      catch(IllegalArgumentException outside)
+      {
+         /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+         // the record's own messages are sentences for a developer; one name is enough here   //
+         /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+         throw new IllegalArgumentException("DIAGNOSTIC_OUTSIDE_VOCABULARY");
+      }
+      if((diagnostic.element() != null && !facts.declares(diagnostic.element())) || (diagnostic.pointer() != null && !facts.points(diagnostic.pointer())))
+      {
+         throw new IllegalArgumentException("DIAGNOSTIC_NOT_OF_THIS_SCENE");
+      }
+      return (diagnostic);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** At most eight named integers. The record checks the names.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   private static Map<String, Integer> numbers(JsonParser parser) throws IOException
+   {
+      Map<String, Integer> numbers = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+      while(parser.nextToken() != JsonToken.END_OBJECT)
+      {
+         String name = parser.currentName();
+         parser.nextToken();
+         if(numbers.size() == 8 || name.length() > 32)
+         {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("DIAGNOSTIC_NUMBERS");
+         }
+         numbers.put(name, integer(parser));
+      }
+      return (numbers);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** A whole number that fits an int; nothing is coerced into one.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   private static int integer(JsonParser parser) throws IOException
+   {
+      if(parser.currentToken() != JsonToken.VALUE_NUMBER_INT)
+      {
+         throw new IllegalArgumentException("DIAGNOSTIC_INTEGER");
+      }
+      return (parser.getIntValue());
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** A string no longer than its field allows.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   private static String text(JsonParser parser, int maximum) throws IOException
+   {
+      if(parser.getTextLength() > maximum)
+      {
+         throw new IllegalArgumentException("RESPONSE_TEXT_LIMIT");
+      }
+      return (parser.getText());
+   }
+}

bridges/renderer/src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/documentgeneration/renderer/ZplRaster.java

@@ -0,0 +1,537 @@
+/*
+ * QQQ - Low-code Application Framework for Engineers.
+ * Copyright (C) 2021-2025.  Kingsrook, LLC
+ * 651 N Broad St Ste 205 # 6917 | Middletown DE 19709 | United States
+ * contact@kingsrook.com
+ * https://github.com/Kingsrook/
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.kingsrook.qbits.documentgeneration.renderer;
+
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.zip.CRC32;
+import java.util.zip.Deflater;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.documentgeneration.GenerationPorts;
+
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ ** The page a printer would draw, decoded on the host from the label bytes the
+ ** host would send it. There is no second renderer: the picture is made from
+ ** the printer commands themselves, after the output policy has accepted them,
+ ** so a preview cannot show something other than what prints.
+ **
+ ** The reader is its own strict parser of the policy's grammar and trusts
+ ** nothing it is handed: a byte that is not the next byte of that grammar, a
+ ** number that is not canonical, a field that leaves the page or a page too
+ ** large to draw is refused by name. Graphic fields (`^GFA`) and boxes (`^GB`)
+ ** are painted exactly. Printer font text (`^A0N`), which only a version 1
+ ** scene emits, cannot be drawn without the printer's font: its estimated area
+ ** is hatched and the page says it is not exact.
+ **
+ ** No image or font is decoded here. The only image work is writing this
+ ** class's own one-bit bitmap as a PNG.
+ *******************************************************************************/
+final class ZplRaster
+{
+   ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+   // a 4 x 6 in label at 600 dpi is 8.6 million dots; twice that is the most a preview draws //
+   ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+   static final long MAXIMUM_DOTS = 16_000_000L;
+
+   private static final int HATCH = 6;
+   private static final byte[] SIGNATURE = {(byte) 0x89, 'P', 'N', 'G', 13, 10, 26, 10};
+
+   private final int width;
+   private final int height;
+   private final int stride;
+   private final byte[] ink;
+   private boolean exact = true;
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** A blank page of whole dots, within what a printer can address and a
+    ** preview may draw.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   private ZplRaster(int width, int height)
+   {
+      if(width < 1 || width > 9999 || height < 1 || height > 32000)
+      {
+         throw new IllegalArgumentException("RASTER_PAGE");
+      }
+      if((long) width * height > MAXIMUM_DOTS)
+      {
+         throw new IllegalArgumentException("PREVIEW_TOO_LARGE");
+      }
+      this.width = width;
+      this.height = height;
+      stride = (width + 7) / 8;
+      ink = new byte[stride * height];
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** The page of a label for its stock. The output policy runs first, here, so
+    ** no caller can draw bytes it did not accept.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   static ZplRaster page(byte[] zpl, GenerationPorts.Stock stock) throws Exception
+   {
+      ZplOutputPolicy.validate(zpl, stock);
+      return (decode(zpl));
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** Read a label and paint its fields. Fields are combined as a printer
+    ** combines them: ink over ink is ink.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   static ZplRaster decode(byte[] zpl)
+   {
+      Reader reader = new Reader(zpl);
+      reader.literal("^XA^PW");
+      int pageWidth = reader.number();
+      reader.literal("^LL");
+      ZplRaster page = new ZplRaster(pageWidth, reader.number());
+      reader.literal("^LH0,0^CI28\n");
+      while(!reader.peek("^XZ\n"))
+      {
+         reader.literal("^FO");
+         int x = reader.number();
+         reader.literal(",");
+         int y = reader.number();
+         if(reader.peek("^A0N,"))
+         {
+            page.text(reader, x, y);
+         }
+         else if(reader.peek("^GB"))
+         {
+            page.box(reader, x, y);
+         }
+         else
+         {
+            page.graphic(reader, x, y);
+         }
+      }
+      reader.literal("^XZ\n");
+      reader.end();
+      return (page);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** A page that shows only where elements were refused: each box, given in
+    ** dots from the printable area's top left as a diagnostic gives it, hatched
+    ** at its place on the page and cut to the page. It is drawn from numbers
+    ** alone. No label exists for it, so nothing of it can be printed.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   static ZplRaster refused(int width, int height, int originX, int originY, List<List<Integer>> boxes)
+   {
+      ZplRaster page = new ZplRaster(width, height);
+      page.exact = false;
+      for(List<Integer> box : boxes)
+      {
+         long left = Math.max(0L, (long) originX + box.get(0));
+         long top = Math.max(0L, (long) originY + box.get(1));
+         long right = Math.min(width, (long) originX + box.get(0) + box.get(2));
+         long bottom = Math.min(height, (long) originY + box.get(1) + box.get(3));
+         if(left < right && top < bottom)
+         {
+            page.hatch((int) left, (int) top, (int) (right - left), (int) (bottom - top));
+         }
+      }
+      return (page);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** The page width in dots.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   int width()
+   {
+      return (width);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** The page height in dots.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   int height()
+   {
+      return (height);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** Whether every dot is what a printer draws. False when the label holds
+    ** printer font text, or the page shows refused elements instead of a label.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   boolean exact()
+   {
+      return (exact);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** Whether a dot of the page is inked.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   boolean ink(int x, int y)
+   {
+      return ((ink[y * stride + x / 8] & (128 >> x % 8)) != 0);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** The page as a one-bit greyscale PNG: one pixel for each dot, ink black.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   byte[] png()
+   {
+      byte[] lines = new byte[(stride + 1) * height];
+      for(int row = 0; row < height; row++)
+      {
+         for(int index = 0; index < stride; index++)
+         {
+            lines[row * (stride + 1) + 1 + index] = (byte) ~ink[row * stride + index];
+         }
+      }
+      Deflater deflater = new Deflater();
+      ByteArrayOutputStream data = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+      try
+      {
+         deflater.setInput(lines);
+         deflater.finish();
+         byte[] buffer = new byte[65536];
+         while(!deflater.finished())
+         {
+            data.write(buffer, 0, deflater.deflate(buffer));
+         }
+      }
+      finally
+      {
+         deflater.end();
+      }
+      ByteArrayOutputStream png = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+      png.writeBytes(SIGNATURE);
+      byte[] header = new byte[13];
+      number(header, 0, width);
+      number(header, 4, height);
+      header[8] = 1;
+      chunk(png, "IHDR", header);
+      chunk(png, "IDAT", data.toByteArray());
+      chunk(png, "IEND", new byte[0]);
+      return (png.toByteArray());
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** One PNG chunk: length, type, data and the checksum of type and data.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   private static void chunk(ByteArrayOutputStream png, String type, byte[] data)
+   {
+      byte[] name = type.getBytes(StandardCharsets.US_ASCII);
+      byte[] word = new byte[4];
+      number(word, 0, data.length);
+      png.writeBytes(word);
+      png.writeBytes(name);
+      png.writeBytes(data);
+      CRC32 checksum = new CRC32();
+      checksum.update(name);
+      checksum.update(data);
+      number(word, 0, (int) checksum.getValue());
+      png.writeBytes(word);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** A big-endian 32-bit number.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   private static void number(byte[] target, int at, int value)
+   {
+      target[at] = (byte) (value >>> 24);
+      target[at + 1] = (byte) (value >>> 16);
+      target[at + 2] = (byte) (value >>> 8);
+      target[at + 3] = (byte) value;
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** Printer font text: the area the policy holds it to (one cell of the font
+    ** width for each character, one line of the font height), hatched.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   private void text(Reader reader, int x, int y)
+   {
+      reader.literal("^A0N,");
+      int fontHeight = reader.number();
+      reader.literal(",");
+      int fontWidth = reader.number();
+      reader.literal("^FH_^FD");
+      int characters = 0;
+      while(reader.peek("_"))
+      {
+         reader.literal("_");
+         int value = reader.hex() * 16 + reader.hex();
+         characters += (value & 0xC0) == 0x80 ? 0 : 1;
+      }
+      reader.literal("^FS\n");
+      long cells = (long) fontWidth * characters;
+      inside(x, y, cells, fontHeight);
+      hatch(x, y, (int) cells, fontHeight);
+      exact = false;
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** A box as the printer draws it: a border of the stated thickness inside
+    ** the stated size, which is solid when the border meets itself.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   private void box(Reader reader, int x, int y)
+   {
+      reader.literal("^GB");
+      int boxWidth = reader.number();
+      reader.literal(",");
+      int boxHeight = reader.number();
+      reader.literal(",");
+      int thickness = reader.number();
+      reader.literal("^FS\n");
+      inside(x, y, boxWidth, boxHeight);
+      if(thickness < 1 || thickness > Math.min(boxWidth, boxHeight))
+      {
+         throw new IllegalArgumentException("RASTER_FIELD");
+      }
+      for(int row = 0; row < boxHeight; row++)
+      {
+         boolean border = row < thickness || row >= boxHeight - thickness;
+         for(int column = 0; column < boxWidth; column++)
+         {
+            if(border || column < thickness || column >= boxWidth - thickness)
+            {
+               set(x + column, y + row);
+            }
+         }
+      }
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** An uncompressed graphic field: rows of whole bytes, most significant bit
+    ** first. Bits that pad the last byte of a row past the page edge must be
+    ** white, as the policy requires.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   private void graphic(Reader reader, int x, int y)
+   {
+      reader.literal("^GFA,");
+      int transmitted = reader.number();
+      reader.literal(",");
+      int total = reader.number();
+      reader.literal(",");
+      int rowBytes = reader.number();
+      reader.literal(",");
+      if(total < 1 || total > 99999 || transmitted != total || rowBytes < 1 || rowBytes > 1250 || total % rowBytes != 0)
+      {
+         throw new IllegalArgumentException("RASTER_FIELD");
+      }
+      inside(x, y, 1, total / rowBytes);
+      for(int index = 0; index < total; index++)
+      {
+         int value = reader.hex() * 16 + reader.hex();
+         for(int bit = 0; bit < 8; bit++)
+         {
+            if((value & (128 >> bit)) != 0)
+            {
+               int column = x + index % rowBytes * 8 + bit;
+               if(column >= width)
+               {
+                  throw new IllegalArgumentException("RASTER_FIELD");
+               }
+               set(column, y + index / rowBytes);
+            }
+         }
+      }
+      reader.literal("^FS\n");
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** Refuse a field that is not wholly on the page.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   private void inside(int x, int y, long fieldWidth, long fieldHeight)
+   {
+      if(fieldWidth < 1 || fieldHeight < 1 || x + fieldWidth > width || y + fieldHeight > height)
+      {
+         throw new IllegalArgumentException("RASTER_FIELD");
+      }
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** An outline with diagonal lines across it: plainly a placeholder, never
+    ** mistaken for ink the label holds.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   private void hatch(int x, int y, int areaWidth, int areaHeight)
+   {
+      for(int row = 0; row < areaHeight; row++)
+      {
+         for(int column = 0; column < areaWidth; column++)
+         {
+            if(row == 0 || column == 0 || row == areaHeight - 1 || column == areaWidth - 1 || (row + column) % HATCH == 0)
+            {
+               set(x + column, y + row);
+            }
+         }
+      }
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** Ink one dot that is known to be on the page.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   private void set(int x, int y)
+   {
+      ink[y * stride + x / 8] |= (byte) (128 >> x % 8);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** The bytes of a label and a place in them. Every read is bounded and every
+    ** mismatch ends the reading: nothing is skipped or repaired.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   private static final class Reader
+   {
+      private final byte[] bytes;
+      private int position;
+
+
+
+      /************************************************************************
+       ** Start at the first byte.
+       ************************************************************************/
+      private Reader(byte[] bytes)
+      {
+         if(bytes == null)
+         {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("RASTER_GRAMMAR");
+         }
+         this.bytes = bytes;
+      }
+
+
+
+      /************************************************************************
+       ** Whether the next bytes are these.
+       ************************************************************************/
+      private boolean peek(String literal)
+      {
+         if(position + literal.length() > bytes.length)
+         {
+            return (false);
+         }
+         for(int index = 0; index < literal.length(); index++)
+         {
+            if(bytes[position + index] != literal.charAt(index))
+            {
+               return (false);
+            }
+         }
+         return (true);
+      }
+
+
+
+      /************************************************************************
+       ** Pass these bytes or refuse.
+       ************************************************************************/
+      private void literal(String literal)
+      {
+         if(!peek(literal))
+         {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("RASTER_GRAMMAR");
+         }
+         position += literal.length();
+      }
+
+
+
+      /************************************************************************
+       ** An unsigned decimal number without a leading zero, of at most six
+       ** digits: more than any size, place or length a label can state.
+       ************************************************************************/
+      private int number()
+      {
+         int start = position;
+         int value = 0;
+         while(position < bytes.length && bytes[position] >= '0' && bytes[position] <= '9' && position - start < 7)
+         {
+            value = value * 10 + bytes[position++] - '0';
+         }
+         if(position == start || position - start > 6 || (position - start > 1 && bytes[start] == '0'))
+         {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("RASTER_NUMBER");
+         }
+         return (value);
+      }
+
+
+
+      /************************************************************************
+       ** One uppercase hexadecimal digit.
+       ************************************************************************/
+      private int hex()
+      {
+         int value = position < bytes.length ? bytes[position] : -1;
+         position++;
+         if(value >= '0' && value <= '9')
+         {
+            return (value - '0');
+         }
+         if(value >= 'A' && value <= 'F')
+         {
+            return (value - 'A' + 10);
+         }
+         throw new IllegalArgumentException("RASTER_HEX");
+      }
+
+
+
+      /************************************************************************
+       ** Nothing may follow the end of the label.
+       ************************************************************************/
+      private void end()
+      {
+         if(position != bytes.length)
+         {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("RASTER_GRAMMAR");
+         }
+      }
+   }
+}

bridges/renderer/src/test/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/documentgeneration/renderer/BridgeTest.java

@@ -393,9 +393,10 @@ class BridgeTest
    {
       for(String malformed : List.of("{\"base64\":[]}", "{\"base64\":{\"nested\":1}}", "{\"unknown\":1}", "{\"length\":1,\"length\":2}", "{\"length\":2147483648}", "{\"length\":1} {}"))
       {
-         assertThrows(Exception.class, () -> RendererJson.response(malformed.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8), 4096));
+         assertThrows(Exception.class, () -> WorkerAnswer.read((malformed + "\n").getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8), 4096, "request-1", SceneFacts.of(GenerationPorts.Format.ZPL, "{}")));
       }
-      assertThrows(Exception.class, () -> RendererJson.response(new byte[] { '{', '"', 'b', 'a', 's', 'e', '6', '4', '"', ':', '"', (byte) 0xff, '"', '}' }, 4096));
+      assertThrows(Exception.class, () -> WorkerAnswer.read(new byte[] { '{', '"', 'b', 'a', 's', 'e', '6', '4', '"', ':', '"', (byte) 0xff, '"', '}', '\n' }, 4096, "request-1",
+         SceneFacts.of(GenerationPorts.Format.ZPL, "{}")));
    }
 
    /*******************************************************************************

bridges/renderer/src/test/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/documentgeneration/renderer/FakeWorker.java

@@ -0,0 +1,272 @@
+/*
+ * QQQ - Low-code Application Framework for Engineers.
+ * Copyright (C) 2021-2025.  Kingsrook, LLC
+ * 651 N Broad St Ste 205 # 6917 | Middletown DE 19709 | United States
+ * contact@kingsrook.com
+ * https://github.com/Kingsrook/
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.kingsrook.qbits.documentgeneration.renderer;
+
+
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Base64;
+import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonNode;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.documentgeneration.GenerationPorts;
+
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ ** A stand-in for the worker, for tests of the host side: it keeps every frame
+ ** the bridge sends and answers as a renderer of a stated version would, or as
+ ** a test tells it to. It answers the bridge's version question by itself, so a
+ ** test writes only the answer to the job it is about. No renderer code runs.
+ *******************************************************************************/
+final class FakeWorker implements IsolatedRendererBridge.Exchange
+{
+   static final String RELEASED = "qqq-renderer-0.1.0";
+   static final String CURRENT = "qqq-renderer-0.2.0";
+   static final Path SCENES = Path.of("..", "..", "renderer", "src", "test", "resources", "scene2");
+   static final String VERSION_ONE_SCENE = "{\"schema\":\"qqq-zpl-scene/1\",\"elements\":[{\"type\":\"box\",\"x\":2,\"y\":40,\"width\":20,\"height\":10,\"thickness\":1}]}";
+
+   final List<JsonNode> jobs = new ArrayList<>();
+   final List<JsonNode> questions = new ArrayList<>();
+   final List<Integer> frameLimits = new ArrayList<>();
+   private final String version;
+   private final Answer answer;
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** What the worker says to one job.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   @FunctionalInterface
+   interface Answer
+   {
+      /************************************************************************
+       ** The fields of the answer frame for a job the bridge sent.
+       ************************************************************************/
+      Map<String, Object> to(JsonNode job) throws Exception;
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** A worker of a version that answers every job the same way.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   FakeWorker(String version, Answer answer)
+   {
+      this.version = version;
+      this.answer = answer;
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** Keep the frame; answer the version question as this renderer would, and a
+    ** job as the test says.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   @Override
+   public byte[] invoke(String requestId, byte[] input, int maximumOutput) throws Exception
+   {
+      JsonNode job = RendererJson.parse(input, 16 * 1024 * 1024);
+      if(IsolatedRendererBridge.PROBE_SCENE.equals(job.path("source").textValue()))
+      {
+         questions.add(job);
+         return (frame(validated(requestId, version)));
+      }
+      jobs.add(job);
+      frameLimits.add(maximumOutput);
+      return (frame(answer.to(job)));
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** A bridge over this exchange whose deployment admits documents of four
+    ** megabytes, with no assets to read.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   static IsolatedRendererBridge bridge(Path directory, IsolatedRendererBridge.Exchange exchange)
+   {
+      RendererConfiguration base = BridgeTest.config(directory);
+      return (new IsolatedRendererBridge(new RendererConfiguration(base.dockerExecutable(), base.image(), base.imageId(), base.qualificationId(), base.requiredQualificationId(), base.ownerId(),
+         directory, base.renderDeadline(), 4 * 1024 * 1024, 20), (actor, asset, maximum) -> new byte[0], exchange));
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** One answer frame.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   static byte[] frame(Map<String, Object> fields) throws Exception
+   {
+      return ((RendererJson.JSON.writeValueAsString(fields) + "\n").getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** The fields every answer has.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   static Map<String, Object> envelope(String requestId, String version, String outcome)
+   {
+      Map<String, Object> fields = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+      fields.put("protocol", RendererJson.PROTOCOL);
+      fields.put("requestId", requestId);
+      fields.put("outcome", outcome);
+      fields.put("rendererVersion", version);
+      fields.put("catalogVersion", WorkerAnswer.CATALOG);
+      return (fields);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** A successful validation, as a renderer of this version answers it.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   static Map<String, Object> validated(String requestId, String version)
+   {
+      Map<String, Object> fields = envelope(requestId, version, "OK");
+      if(CURRENT.equals(version))
+      {
+         fields.put("diagnostics", List.of());
+      }
+      return (fields);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** A rendered label, as a renderer of this version answers it; renderer
+    ** 0.2.0 adds the diagnostics.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   static Map<String, Object> rendered(String requestId, String version, byte[] label, List<Map<String, Object>> diagnostics) throws Exception
+   {
+      Map<String, Object> fields = envelope(requestId, version, "OK");
+      fields.put("mediaType", "application/vnd.zebra-zpl");
+      fields.put("base64", Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(label));
+      fields.put("sha256", RendererJson.hash(label));
+      fields.put("length", label.length);
+      fields.put("pageCount", 1);
+      if(CURRENT.equals(version))
+      {
+         fields.put("diagnostics", diagnostics);
+      }
+      return (fields);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** A scene whose diagnostics were collected and hold an error: no label.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   static Map<String, Object> refused(String requestId, List<Map<String, Object>> diagnostics)
+   {
+      Map<String, Object> fields = envelope(requestId, CURRENT, "REFUSED");
+      fields.put("diagnostics", diagnostics);
+      return (fields);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** An error answer, with its one diagnostic when there is one.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   static Map<String, Object> error(String requestId, String version, String code, Map<String, Object> detail)
+   {
+      Map<String, Object> fields = envelope(requestId, version, "ERROR");
+      fields.put("code", code);
+      if(detail != null)
+      {
+         fields.put("detail", detail);
+      }
+      return (fields);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** One diagnostic as the wire carries it: a code, a severity and, in pairs,
+    ** any of its other parts.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   static Map<String, Object> diagnostic(String code, String severity, Object... parts)
+   {
+      Map<String, Object> wire = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+      wire.put("code", code);
+      wire.put("severity", severity);
+      for(int index = 0; index < parts.length; index += 2)
+      {
+         wire.put((String) parts[index], parts[index + 1]);
+      }
+      return (wire);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** The source of one of the renderer's version 2 layout cases.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   static String scene(String name) throws Exception
+   {
+      return (RendererJson.JSON.writeValueAsString(definition(name).path("scene")));
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** The stock of one of those cases.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   static GenerationPorts.Stock stock(String name) throws Exception
+   {
+      JsonNode stock = definition(name).path("stock");
+      return (new GenerationPorts.Stock(stock.path("widthMicrons").intValue(), stock.path("heightMicrons").intValue(), stock.path("topMicrons").intValue(),
+         stock.path("rightMicrons").intValue(), stock.path("bottomMicrons").intValue(), stock.path("leftMicrons").intValue(), stock.path("dpi").intValue()));
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** The golden label of a case at a resolution, as the renderer emits it.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   static byte[] golden(String name, int dpi) throws Exception
+   {
+      return (Files.readAllBytes(SCENES.resolve("golden").resolve(name + "-" + dpi + ".zpl")));
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** A revision whose label source is this scene on this stock.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   static GenerationPorts.Revision revision(String zplSource, GenerationPorts.Stock stock)
+   {
+      return (new GenerationPorts.Revision(1, 1, "orders", stock, null, zplSource, null, List.of()));
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** One case file.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   private static JsonNode definition(String name) throws Exception
+   {
+      return (RendererJson.JSON.readTree(Files.readAllBytes(SCENES.resolve("cases").resolve(name + ".json"))));
+   }
+}

bridges/renderer/src/test/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/documentgeneration/renderer/MutationCampaignTest.java

@@ -29,7 +29,12 @@ import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.HashSet;
 import java.util.HexFormat;
 import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.regex.Matcher;
+import java.util.regex.Pattern;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonNode;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
 import com.kingsrook.qbits.documentgeneration.GenerationPorts;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertArrayEquals;
@@ -41,9 +46,11 @@ import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
 
 
 /*******************************************************************************
- ** The mutation harness is deterministic and reports what it should, and one
- ** bounded campaign runs in the normal test phase over the host printer gate.
- ** Seeds, limits and the replay command: `docs/security/fuzzing.md`.
+ ** The mutation harness is deterministic and reports what it should, and three
+ ** bounded campaigns run in the normal test phase over what the host reads from
+ ** the worker: the printer gate, the page decoder behind it, and the answer
+ ** frames with their diagnostics. Seeds, limits and the replay command:
+ ** `docs/security/fuzzing.md`.
  *******************************************************************************/
 class MutationCampaignTest
 {
@@ -52,6 +59,13 @@ class MutationCampaignTest
    private static final Path CORPUS = Path.of("..", "..", "renderer", "src", "test", "resources", "compat-v1", "zpl");
    private static final GenerationPorts.Stock STOCK = new GenerationPorts.Stock(76200, 50800, 0, 0, 0, 0, 203);
    private static final Set<String> COMMANDS = Set.of("XA", "XZ", "PW", "LL", "LH", "CI", "FO", "A0", "FH", "FD", "FS", "GB", "GF");
+   private static final List<String> RELEASED = List.of("box-203", "text-font0-203", "image-203", "barcode-scale-203", "raster-text-rotation-203");
+   private static final List<String> TOKENS = List.of("^XA", "^XZ\n", "^FO", "^GFA,", "^GB", "^FS\n", "^A0N,", "^FH_^FD", "^PW", "^LL", "^LH0,0", "^CI28\n",
+      "~DG", "~JR", "^XG", "^DF", "^JU", "^FX", "^FB", "99999", "0", ",", "\n", "_5E", "_7E");
+   private static final Pattern FIELD = Pattern.compile("\\^FO([0-9]+),([0-9]+)\\^(?:GFA,[0-9]+,[0-9]+,([0-9]+),([0-9A-F]*)|GB([0-9]+),([0-9]+),([0-9]+))\\^FS\n");
+   private static final String REQUEST = "request-1";
+   private static final List<String> DECLARED = List.of("top-left", "top-center", "top-right", "middle-left", "center", "left-of-center", "middle-right", "bottom-left", "bottom-center",
+      "bottom-right");
 
 
 
@@ -136,15 +150,7 @@ class MutationCampaignTest
    @Test
    void theHostPrinterGateAcceptsOnlyTheRendererCommandSet() throws Exception
    {
-      List<byte[]> corpus = new ArrayList<>();
-      for(String name : List.of("box-203", "text-font0-203", "image-203", "barcode-scale-203", "raster-text-rotation-203"))
-      {
-         byte[] released = Files.readAllBytes(CORPUS.resolve(name + ".zpl"));
-         ZplOutputPolicy.validate(released, STOCK);
-         corpus.add(released);
-      }
-      MutationCampaign campaign = new MutationCampaign(corpus, List.of("^XA", "^XZ\n", "^FO", "^GFA,", "^GB", "^FS\n", "^A0N,", "^FH_^FD", "^PW", "^LL", "^LH0,0", "^CI28\n",
-         "~DG", "~JR", "^XG", "^DF", "^JU", "^FX", "^FB", "99999", "0", ",", "\n", "_5E", "_7E"));
+      MutationCampaign campaign = new MutationCampaign(released(), TOKENS);
       int iterations = MutationCampaign.iterations(ITERATIONS);
       for(long seed : MutationCampaign.seeds(SEEDS))
       {
@@ -157,6 +163,229 @@ class MutationCampaignTest
 
 
 
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** The released labels the printer campaigns mutate, each accepted by the
+    ** gate for the stock it was rendered for.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   private static List<byte[]> released() throws Exception
+   {
+      List<byte[]> corpus = new ArrayList<>();
+      for(String name : RELEASED)
+      {
+         byte[] released = Files.readAllBytes(CORPUS.resolve(name + ".zpl"));
+         ZplOutputPolicy.validate(released, STOCK);
+         corpus.add(released);
+      }
+      return (corpus);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** Property: the page decoder never fails on a label the printer gate
+    ** accepts, and what it draws for one is exactly the label's graphic fields
+    ** and boxes as a second, independent reading draws them. Handed bytes the
+    ** gate refuses, as it never is in production, it draws or refuses by its
+    ** own IllegalArgumentException and does nothing else. Any other failure is
+    ** a finding.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void thePageDecoderDrawsExactlyWhatThePrinterGateAccepts() throws Exception
+   {
+      MutationCampaign campaign = new MutationCampaign(released(), TOKENS);
+      int iterations = MutationCampaign.iterations(ITERATIONS);
+      for(long seed : MutationCampaign.seeds(SEEDS))
+      {
+         MutationCampaign.Result result = campaign.run(seed, iterations, MutationCampaignTest::page,
+            failure -> failure instanceof IllegalArgumentException || failure instanceof CharacterCodingException);
+         assertEquals(List.of(), result.findings(), "replay with -Dfuzz.seed=" + seed + " -Dfuzz.iterations=" + iterations);
+         assertFalse(result.accepted() == 0 || result.refused() == 0, "the campaign must reach both acceptance and refusal: " + result);
+      }
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** The decoder beside the gate, and an independent drawing of what the gate
+    ** let through.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   private static void page(byte[] zpl) throws Exception
+   {
+      try
+      {
+         ZplOutputPolicy.validate(zpl, STOCK);
+      }
+      catch(IllegalArgumentException | CharacterCodingException refused)
+      {
+         try
+         {
+            ZplRaster page = ZplRaster.decode(zpl);
+            assertTrue((long) page.width() * page.height() <= ZplRaster.MAXIMUM_DOTS, "drew a page past the limit");
+         }
+         catch(IllegalArgumentException alsoRefused)
+         {
+            // The decoder's own refusal of bytes the gate refused.
+         }
+         throw refused;
+      }
+      ZplRaster page;
+      try
+      {
+         page = ZplRaster.decode(zpl);
+      }
+      catch(IllegalArgumentException refused)
+      {
+         throw new AssertionError("the decoder refused a label the gate accepts: " + refused.getMessage());
+      }
+      assertEquals(609, page.width());
+      assertEquals(406, page.height());
+      String text = new String(zpl, StandardCharsets.US_ASCII);
+      assertEquals(!text.contains("^A0N,"), page.exact());
+      if(page.exact())
+      {
+         boolean[][] expected = new boolean[406][609];
+         Matcher field = FIELD.matcher(text);
+         while(field.find())
+         {
+            int x = Integer.parseInt(field.group(1));
+            int y = Integer.parseInt(field.group(2));
+            if(field.group(3) != null)
+            {
+               int stride = Integer.parseInt(field.group(3));
+               byte[] raster = HexFormat.of().parseHex(field.group(4));
+               for(int index = 0; index < raster.length * 8; index++)
+               {
+                  if((raster[index / 8] & (128 >> index % 8)) != 0)
+                  {
+                     expected[y + index / 8 / stride][x + index / 8 % stride * 8 + index % 8] = true;
+                  }
+               }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+               int width = Integer.parseInt(field.group(5));
+               int height = Integer.parseInt(field.group(6));
+               int thickness = Integer.parseInt(field.group(7));
+               for(int row = 0; row < height; row++)
+               {
+                  for(int column = 0; column < width; column++)
+                  {
+                     expected[y + row][x + column] |= row < thickness || column < thickness || row >= height - thickness || column >= width - thickness;
+                  }
+               }
+            }
+         }
+         for(int y = 0; y < 406; y++)
+         {
+            for(int x = 0; x < 609; x++)
+            {
+               if(expected[y][x] != page.ink(x, y))
+               {
+                  throw new AssertionError("the decoder and the independent drawing differ at dot " + x + ", " + y);
+               }
+            }
+         }
+      }
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** Property: whatever the answer reader accepts for a collected render of a
+    ** version 2 scene is an answer of renderer 0.2.0 that is either a label with
+    ** no error or a refusal with no label, and every diagnostic it carries names
+    ** only an element the scene declares and points only through array indexes,
+    ** schema property names and declared ids, as a second and plain JSON reader
+    ** sees it. A typed refusal is held to the same rule. Everything else is
+    ** rejected with the reader's IllegalArgumentException or the JSON reader's
+    ** IOException; any other failure is a finding.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void theAnswerReaderBelievesOnlyDiagnosticsOfTheSceneThatWasSent() throws Exception
+   {
+      byte[] label = "^XA^PW406^LL203^LH0,0^CI28\n^FO2,40^GFA,2,2,1,AA80^FS\n^XZ\n".getBytes(StandardCharsets.US_ASCII);
+      Map<String, Object> error = FakeWorker.diagnostic("RENDERER_TOO_OLD", "ERROR", "element", "center", "pointer", "/elements/4", "box", List.of(171, 68, 47, 23));
+      Map<String, Object> warning = FakeWorker.diagnostic("DEVICE_UNIT_USED", "WARNING", "element", "top-left", "pointer", "/overrides/0/set/top-left/x", "measured", Map.of("widthDots", 902, "lines", 2),
+         "limit", Map.of("widthDots", 764));
+      List<byte[]> corpus = List.of(FakeWorker.frame(FakeWorker.rendered(REQUEST, FakeWorker.CURRENT, label, List.of(warning))), FakeWorker.frame(FakeWorker.refused(REQUEST, List.of(warning, error))),
+         FakeWorker.frame(FakeWorker.error(REQUEST, FakeWorker.CURRENT, "RENDERER_TOO_OLD", error)), FakeWorker.frame(FakeWorker.rendered(REQUEST, FakeWorker.CURRENT, label, List.of())),
+         FakeWorker.frame(FakeWorker.rendered(REQUEST, FakeWorker.RELEASED, label, List.of())), FakeWorker.frame(FakeWorker.error(REQUEST, FakeWorker.RELEASED, "BARCODE_FIT_TOO_SMALL", null)));
+      MutationCampaign campaign = new MutationCampaign(corpus, List.of("\"diagnostics\":", "\"detail\":", "\"REFUSED\"", "\"OK\"", "\"ERROR\"", "\"WARNING\"", "\"element\":\"", "\"pointer\":\"/",
+         "/elements/0", "/set/", "\"box\":[", "\"measured\":{", "\"limit\":{", "\"base64\":\"", "\"code\":\"", "\"severity\":\"", "top-left", "center", "undeclared", "secret", "qqq-renderer-0.1.0",
+         "qqq-renderer-0.2.0", "RENDER_FAILED", "TEXT_DOES_NOT_FIT", "SCENE_INVALID", "[", "]", "{", "}", ",", ":", "\"", "\n", "0", "-1", "2147483648"));
+      SceneFacts facts = SceneFacts.of(GenerationPorts.Format.ZPL, FakeWorker.scene("anchors"));
+      DECLARED.forEach(id -> assertTrue(facts.declares(id), id));
+      int iterations = MutationCampaign.iterations(ITERATIONS);
+      for(long seed : MutationCampaign.seeds(SEEDS))
+      {
+         MutationCampaign.Result result = campaign.run(seed, iterations, input -> answer(input, facts),
+            failure -> failure instanceof IllegalArgumentException || failure instanceof java.io.IOException || failure instanceof GenerationPorts.RenderException);
+         assertEquals(List.of(), result.findings(), "replay with -Dfuzz.seed=" + seed + " -Dfuzz.iterations=" + iterations);
+         assertFalse(result.accepted() == 0 || result.refused() == 0, "the campaign must reach both acceptance and refusal: " + result);
+      }
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** The reader, and an independent reading of what it let through.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   private static void answer(byte[] frame, SceneFacts facts) throws Exception
+   {
+      WorkerAnswer answer;
+      try
+      {
+         answer = WorkerAnswer.read(frame, 65536, REQUEST, facts).settle("RENDER", true, true);
+      }
+      catch(GenerationPorts.RenderException refusal)
+      {
+         if(refusal.diagnostic() != null)
+         {
+            ofTheScene(refusal.diagnostic().element(), refusal.diagnostic().pointer());
+         }
+         throw refusal;
+      }
+      JsonNode tree = new ObjectMapper().readTree(frame);
+      assertEquals("qqq-renderer-0.2.0", tree.path("rendererVersion").textValue(), "accepted an answer of another renderer");
+      boolean refused = tree.path("outcome").textValue().equals("REFUSED");
+      assertTrue(refused || tree.path("outcome").textValue().equals("OK"), "accepted an outcome it does not know");
+      assertEquals(refused, answer.refused());
+      boolean errors = false;
+      for(JsonNode diagnostic : tree.path("diagnostics"))
+      {
+         errors |= diagnostic.path("severity").textValue().equals("ERROR");
+         diagnostic.fieldNames().forEachRemaining(name -> assertTrue(Set.of("code", "severity", "element", "pointer", "box", "measured", "limit").contains(name), "accepted a diagnostic field: " + name));
+         ofTheScene(diagnostic.path("element").textValue(), diagnostic.path("pointer").textValue());
+      }
+      assertEquals(refused, errors, "an answer is refused exactly when it holds an error");
+      for(String part : List.of("mediaType", "base64", "sha256", "length", "pageCount"))
+      {
+         assertEquals(!refused, tree.has(part), "a refused answer carries no label and a label is whole: " + part);
+      }
+      assertEquals(tree.path("diagnostics").size(), answer.diagnostics().size());
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** An element is one the scene declares, and a pointer is made of array
+    ** indexes, property names of the schema and declared ids.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   private static void ofTheScene(String element, String pointer)
+   {
+      assertTrue(element == null || DECLARED.contains(element), "accepted an element the scene does not declare: " + element);
+      if(pointer != null && !pointer.isEmpty())
+      {
+         assertTrue(pointer.startsWith("/"), pointer);
+         for(String segment : pointer.substring(1).split("/", -1))
+         {
+            assertTrue(segment.matches("0|[1-9][0-9]{0,3}") || SceneFacts.VOCABULARY.contains(segment) || DECLARED.contains(segment), "accepted a pointer segment: " + segment);
+         }
+      }
+   }
+
+
+
    /***************************************************************************
     ** The target, and an independent reading of what it let through.
     ***************************************************************************/

bridges/renderer/src/test/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/documentgeneration/renderer/PreviewTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,379 @@
+/*
+ * QQQ - Low-code Application Framework for Engineers.
+ * Copyright (C) 2021-2025.  Kingsrook, LLC
+ * 651 N Broad St Ste 205 # 6917 | Middletown DE 19709 | United States
+ * contact@kingsrook.com
+ * https://github.com/Kingsrook/
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.kingsrook.qbits.documentgeneration.renderer;
+
+
+import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
+import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.regex.Matcher;
+import java.util.regex.Pattern;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.node.ObjectNode;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.documentgeneration.GenerationPorts;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.documentgeneration.GenerationPorts.Diagnostic;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.exceptions.QException;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.io.TempDir;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.ValueSource;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertArrayEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
+
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ ** The preview is the print path stopped before retention: the same job, the
+ ** same checks on the label, and a picture decoded from the accepted bytes. A
+ ** layout that cannot print comes back as diagnostics, with a page drawn from
+ ** their boxes and no output at all.
+ *******************************************************************************/
+class PreviewTest
+{
+   private static final String SECRET = "a-record-value-that-must-not-travel";
+   private static final String NOTHING = "e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb92427ae41e4649b934ca495991b7852b855";
+   private static final int MAXIMUM = 1024 * 1024;
+
+   @TempDir
+   Path directory;
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** A preview job for a case of the renderer's version 2 goldens.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   private static GenerationPorts.PreviewRequest preview(String name, Integer targetDpi) throws Exception
+   {
+      return (new GenerationPorts.PreviewRequest("actor-1", GenerationPorts.Format.ZPL, FakeWorker.revision(FakeWorker.scene(name), FakeWorker.stock(name)), Map.of("name", SECRET), targetDpi,
+         MAXIMUM));
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** A worker of renderer 0.2.0 that answers every job with these fields.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   private static FakeWorker answering(FakeWorker.Answer answer)
+   {
+      return (new FakeWorker(FakeWorker.CURRENT, answer));
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** The files under the adapter's state directory.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   private List<Path> files() throws Exception
+   {
+      try(Stream<Path> files = Files.walk(directory))
+      {
+         return (files.filter(Files::isRegularFile).toList());
+      }
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** At each resolution the preview of a layout that prints is the golden
+    ** picture, dot for dot, with the size and hash of exactly the bytes the
+    ** print path returns for the same job. The two jobs differ only in their
+    ** request id and in asking for collected diagnostics. Nothing is written.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   @ParameterizedTest
+   @ValueSource(ints = {203, 300, 600})
+   void aPreviewIsThePrintPathStoppedBeforeRetention(int dpi) throws Exception
+   {
+      Map<String, Object> warning = FakeWorker.diagnostic("DEVICE_UNIT_USED", "WARNING", "element", "side", "pointer", "/elements/4/x");
+      FakeWorker worker = answering(job -> FakeWorker.rendered(job.path("requestId").textValue(), FakeWorker.CURRENT, FakeWorker.golden("margins", dpi),
+         job.has("diagnostics") ? List.of(warning) : List.of()));
+      IsolatedRendererBridge bridge = FakeWorker.bridge(directory, worker);
+      GenerationPorts.PreviewRequest request = preview("margins", dpi);
+      GenerationPorts.Preview preview = bridge.preview(request);
+      GenerationPorts.Content printed = bridge.render(new GenerationPorts.RenderRequest("request-1", request.actorId(), new GenerationPorts.Source("orders", "1"), request.format(), request.revision(),
+         request.context(), request.maximumBytes(), request.targetDpi()));
+
+      assertTrue(preview.printable());
+      assertTrue(preview.exact());
+      assertEquals(List.of(new Diagnostic("DEVICE_UNIT_USED", Diagnostic.Severity.WARNING, "side", null, null, null, "/elements/4/x")), preview.diagnostics());
+      assertArrayEquals(FakeWorker.golden("margins", dpi), printed.bytes());
+      assertEquals((long) printed.bytes().length, preview.outputBytes());
+      assertEquals(RendererJson.hash(printed.bytes()), preview.outputSha256());
+
+      BufferedImage golden = ImageIO.read(FakeWorker.SCENES.resolve("golden").resolve("margins-" + dpi + ".png").toFile());
+      assertEquals(1, preview.pages().size());
+      assertEquals(golden.getWidth(), preview.pages().get(0).widthDots());
+      assertEquals(golden.getHeight(), preview.pages().get(0).heightDots());
+      BufferedImage page = ImageIO.read(new ByteArrayInputStream(preview.pages().get(0).png()));
+      for(int y = 0; y < golden.getHeight(); y++)
+      {
+         for(int x = 0; x < golden.getWidth(); x++)
+         {
+            assertEquals(golden.getRGB(x, y) & 0xFFFFFF, page.getRGB(x, y) & 0xFFFFFF);
+         }
+      }
+
+      assertEquals(2, worker.jobs.size());
+      ObjectNode previewed = (ObjectNode) worker.jobs.get(0);
+      ObjectNode rendered = (ObjectNode) worker.jobs.get(1);
+      assertEquals("COLLECT", previewed.remove("diagnostics").textValue());
+      assertTrue(previewed.remove("requestId").textValue().matches("[0-9a-f-]{36}"));
+      assertEquals("request-1", rendered.remove("requestId").textValue());
+      assertEquals(rendered, previewed);
+      assertEquals("RENDER", previewed.path("operation").textValue());
+      assertEquals(dpi, previewed.path("targetDpi").intValue());
+      assertEquals(SECRET, previewed.path("context").path("name").textValue());
+      assertEquals(List.of(), files());
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** A scene with a refused element has no label: the worker sends none and
+    ** the preview has no output. Its page is drawn on the host from the boxes of
+    ** the error diagnostics alone, placed from the printable area's corner as
+    ** the renderer places it (the corner of the golden label at each
+    ** resolution), cut to the page and hatched.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   @ParameterizedTest
+   @ValueSource(ints = {203, 300, 600})
+   void aRefusedSceneIsDrawnFromItsDiagnosticsAndHasNoOutput(int dpi) throws Exception
+   {
+      Matcher corner = Pattern.compile("\\^FO([0-9]+),([0-9]+)\\^GFA").matcher(new String(FakeWorker.golden("margins", dpi), StandardCharsets.US_ASCII));
+      assertTrue(corner.find());
+      int left = Integer.parseInt(corner.group(1));
+      int top = Integer.parseInt(corner.group(2));
+      List<Map<String, Object>> diagnostics = List.of(
+         FakeWorker.diagnostic("RENDERER_TOO_OLD", "ERROR", "element", "first", "box", List.of(0, 0, 16, 12)),
+         FakeWorker.diagnostic("ELEMENT_OUTSIDE_PRINTABLE_AREA", "ERROR", "element", "last", "box", List.of(-100, 30, 120, 100_000)),
+         FakeWorker.diagnostic("DEVICE_UNIT_USED", "WARNING", "element", "side", "box", List.of(100, 0, 50, 50)),
+         FakeWorker.diagnostic("SCENE_INVALID", "ERROR", "element", "middle", "pointer", "/elements/3/thickness"));
+      FakeWorker worker = answering(job -> FakeWorker.refused(job.path("requestId").textValue(), diagnostics));
+      GenerationPorts.Preview preview = FakeWorker.bridge(directory, worker).preview(preview("margins", dpi));
+
+      assertFalse(preview.printable());
+      assertFalse(preview.exact());
+      assertEquals(0L, preview.outputBytes());
+      assertEquals(NOTHING, preview.outputSha256());
+      assertEquals(4, preview.diagnostics().size());
+      assertEquals(new Diagnostic("RENDERER_TOO_OLD", Diagnostic.Severity.ERROR, "first", List.of(0, 0, 16, 12), null, null), preview.diagnostics().get(0));
+      assertEquals(1, preview.pages().size());
+      BufferedImage golden = ImageIO.read(FakeWorker.SCENES.resolve("golden").resolve("margins-" + dpi + ".png").toFile());
+      BufferedImage page = ImageIO.read(new ByteArrayInputStream(preview.pages().get(0).png()));
+      assertEquals(golden.getWidth(), page.getWidth());
+      assertEquals(golden.getHeight(), page.getHeight());
+      for(int y = 0; y < page.getHeight(); y++)
+      {
+         for(int x = 0; x < page.getWidth(); x++)
+         {
+            boolean first = hatched(x - left, y - top, 16, 12);
+            boolean last = hatched(x, y - top - 30, left + 20, page.getHeight() - top - 30);
+            assertEquals(first || last, (page.getRGB(x, y) & 0xFFFFFF) == 0, x + ", " + y);
+         }
+      }
+      assertEquals("COLLECT", worker.jobs.get(0).path("diagnostics").textValue());
+      assertEquals(List.of(), files());
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** Whether a dot is ink in a hatched area of this size whose corner is the
+    ** origin of `column` and `row`.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   private static boolean hatched(int column, int row, int width, int height)
+   {
+      return (column >= 0 && column < width && row >= 0 && row < height && (column == 0 || row == 0 || column == width - 1 || row == height - 1 || (column + row) % 6 == 0));
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** A refusal is a result of a preview, not an exception: whatever the print
+    ** path would refuse by name comes back as the diagnostic, not printable,
+    ** with no output, and with no page when no diagnostic has a box.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void aRefusalComesBackAsADiagnostic() throws Exception
+   {
+      FakeWorker invalid = answering(job -> FakeWorker.error(job.path("requestId").textValue(), FakeWorker.CURRENT, "SCENE_INVALID", FakeWorker.diagnostic("SCENE_INVALID", "ERROR", "pointer", "/design")));
+      GenerationPorts.Preview refused = FakeWorker.bridge(directory, invalid).preview(preview("anchors", null));
+      assertFalse(refused.printable());
+      assertEquals(List.of(new Diagnostic("SCENE_INVALID", Diagnostic.Severity.ERROR, null, null, null, null, "/design")), refused.diagnostics());
+      assertEquals(List.of(), refused.pages());
+      assertEquals(0L, refused.outputBytes());
+      assertEquals(NOTHING, refused.outputSha256());
+
+      FakeWorker fit = answering(job -> FakeWorker.error(job.path("requestId").textValue(), FakeWorker.CURRENT, "BARCODE_FIT_TOO_SMALL", null));
+      var versionOne = new GenerationPorts.PreviewRequest("actor-1", GenerationPorts.Format.ZPL, FakeWorker.revision(FakeWorker.VERSION_ONE_SCENE, FakeWorker.stock("anchors")), Map.of(), null, MAXIMUM);
+      assertEquals(List.of(new Diagnostic("BARCODE_FIT_TOO_SMALL", Diagnostic.Severity.ERROR, null, null, null, null)), FakeWorker.bridge(directory, fit).preview(versionOne).diagnostics());
+
+      ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+      // a version 1 scene previews only at its stock's resolution; no worker is contacted     //
+      ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+      var elsewhere = new GenerationPorts.PreviewRequest("actor-1", GenerationPorts.Format.ZPL, versionOne.revision(), Map.of(), 300, MAXIMUM);
+      GenerationPorts.Preview target = FakeWorker.bridge(directory, fit).preview(elsewhere);
+      assertEquals(List.of(new Diagnostic("TARGET_REQUIRES_SCENE_2", Diagnostic.Severity.ERROR, null, null, Map.of("dpi", 300), Map.of("dpi", 203))), target.diagnostics());
+      assertFalse(target.printable());
+      assertEquals(1, fit.jobs.size());
+
+      ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+      // a refused scene whose diagnostics have no box has no page                              //
+      ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+      FakeWorker whole = answering(job -> FakeWorker.refused(job.path("requestId").textValue(), List.of(FakeWorker.diagnostic("STOCK_MISMATCH", "ERROR", "pointer", "/design"))));
+      assertEquals(List.of(), FakeWorker.bridge(directory, whole).preview(preview("anchors", null)).pages());
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** An old image cannot preview: the answer is `RENDERER_TOO_OLD`, and the
+    ** worker was asked its version and sent nothing else, for a version 2 scene
+    ** and for a version 1 scene alike.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void anOldRendererCannotPreviewAndIsSentNothing() throws Exception
+   {
+      FakeWorker old = new FakeWorker(FakeWorker.RELEASED, job -> FakeWorker.rendered(job.path("requestId").textValue(), FakeWorker.RELEASED, FakeWorker.golden("anchors", 203), List.of()));
+      IsolatedRendererBridge bridge = FakeWorker.bridge(directory, old);
+      var versionOne = new GenerationPorts.PreviewRequest("actor-1", GenerationPorts.Format.ZPL, FakeWorker.revision(FakeWorker.VERSION_ONE_SCENE, FakeWorker.stock("anchors")), Map.of("name", SECRET),
+         null, MAXIMUM);
+      for(GenerationPorts.PreviewRequest request : List.of(preview("anchors", null), preview("anchors", 300), versionOne))
+      {
+         GenerationPorts.Preview preview = bridge.preview(request);
+         assertFalse(preview.printable());
+         assertEquals(List.of(new Diagnostic("RENDERER_TOO_OLD", Diagnostic.Severity.ERROR, null, null, null, null)), preview.diagnostics());
+         assertEquals(List.of(), preview.pages());
+      }
+      assertEquals(List.of(), old.jobs);
+      assertEquals(3, old.questions.size());
+      assertFalse(old.questions.toString().contains(SECRET));
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** A page of more than sixteen million dots is refused before any worker is
+    ** contacted, with its size and the limit.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void aPreviewTooLargeToDrawIsRefusedBeforeRendering() throws Exception
+   {
+      FakeWorker worker = answering(job -> FakeWorker.validated(job.path("requestId").textValue(), FakeWorker.CURRENT));
+      var large = new GenerationPorts.Stock(203200, 304800, 0, 0, 0, 0, 203);
+      var request = new GenerationPorts.PreviewRequest("actor-1", GenerationPorts.Format.ZPL, FakeWorker.revision(FakeWorker.scene("anchors"), large), Map.of(), 600, MAXIMUM);
+      GenerationPorts.Preview preview = FakeWorker.bridge(directory, worker).preview(request);
+      assertFalse(preview.printable());
+      assertEquals(List.of(new Diagnostic("PREVIEW_TOO_LARGE", Diagnostic.Severity.ERROR, null, null, Map.of("widthDots", 4800, "heightDots", 7200), Map.of("dots", 16_000_000))), preview.diagnostics());
+      assertEquals(List.of(), preview.pages());
+      assertEquals(List.of(), worker.jobs);
+      assertEquals(List.of(), worker.questions);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** A version 1 label previews with its graphics and boxes exact and each
+    ** printer font field as a placeholder: the page is not exact and says why.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void aVersionOneLabelIsPreviewedWithPlaceholdersForPrinterFontText() throws Exception
+   {
+      byte[] label = BridgeTest.LABEL.getBytes(StandardCharsets.US_ASCII);
+      FakeWorker worker = answering(job -> FakeWorker.rendered(job.path("requestId").textValue(), FakeWorker.CURRENT, label, List.of()));
+      var request = new GenerationPorts.PreviewRequest("actor-1", GenerationPorts.Format.ZPL, FakeWorker.revision(FakeWorker.VERSION_ONE_SCENE, BridgeTest.STOCK), Map.of(), null, MAXIMUM);
+      GenerationPorts.Preview preview = FakeWorker.bridge(directory, worker).preview(request);
+      assertTrue(preview.printable());
+      assertFalse(preview.exact());
+      assertEquals(List.of(new Diagnostic("PRINTER_FONT_NOT_SHOWN", Diagnostic.Severity.WARNING, null, null, null, null)), preview.diagnostics());
+      assertEquals(812, preview.pages().get(0).widthDots());
+      assertEquals(1218, preview.pages().get(0).heightDots());
+      assertEquals(RendererJson.hash(label), preview.outputSha256());
+      assertFalse(worker.jobs.get(0).has("targetDpi"));
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** Only a label that passed every check of the print path is drawn. An answer
+    ** that is not what the version rule allows, a label the output policy
+    ** refuses, an opaque failure and a job outside the adapter's limits are all
+    ** the same generic refusal, never a picture.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void onlyAnAcceptedLabelBecomesAPicture() throws Exception
+   {
+      byte[] golden = FakeWorker.golden("anchors", 203);
+      Map<String, Object> error = FakeWorker.diagnostic("RENDERER_TOO_OLD", "ERROR", "element", "center", "box", List.of(0, 0, 10, 10));
+      List<FakeWorker.Answer> answers = List.of(
+         job ->
+         {
+            Map<String, Object> partial = FakeWorker.rendered(job.path("requestId").textValue(), FakeWorker.CURRENT, golden, List.of(error));
+            partial.put("outcome", "REFUSED");
+            return (partial);
+         },
+         job -> FakeWorker.rendered(job.path("requestId").textValue(), FakeWorker.CURRENT, golden, List.of(error)),
+         job -> FakeWorker.rendered(job.path("requestId").textValue(), FakeWorker.CURRENT, (new String(golden, StandardCharsets.US_ASCII) + "~JR").getBytes(StandardCharsets.US_ASCII), List.of()),
+         job -> FakeWorker.rendered(job.path("requestId").textValue(), FakeWorker.CURRENT, FakeWorker.golden("anchors", 300), List.of()),
+         job -> FakeWorker.error(job.path("requestId").textValue(), FakeWorker.CURRENT, "RENDER_FAILED", null),
+         job -> FakeWorker.refused(job.path("requestId").textValue(), List.of(FakeWorker.diagnostic("RENDERER_TOO_OLD", "ERROR", "element", "undeclared", "box", List.of(0, 0, 10, 10)))),
+         job -> FakeWorker.validated(job.path("requestId").textValue(), FakeWorker.CURRENT));
+      for(FakeWorker.Answer answer : answers)
+      {
+         QException failure = assertThrows(QException.class, () -> FakeWorker.bridge(directory, answering(answer)).preview(preview("anchors", null)));
+         assertEquals(QException.class, failure.getClass());
+         assertEquals("Isolated renderer rejected or could not complete the request.", failure.getMessage());
+      }
+      ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+      // the print path, which never collects, rejects a refused answer outright               //
+      ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+      IsolatedRendererBridge printing = FakeWorker.bridge(directory, answering(job -> FakeWorker.refused(job.path("requestId").textValue(), List.of(error))));
+      var render = new GenerationPorts.RenderRequest("request-1", "actor-1", new GenerationPorts.Source("orders", "1"), GenerationPorts.Format.ZPL, preview("anchors", null).revision(), Map.of(), MAXIMUM);
+      assertEquals(QException.class, assertThrows(QException.class, () -> printing.render(render)).getClass());
+
+      FakeWorker unused = answering(job -> FakeWorker.validated(job.path("requestId").textValue(), FakeWorker.CURRENT));
+      IsolatedRendererBridge bridge = FakeWorker.bridge(directory, unused);
+      var revision = preview("anchors", null).revision();
+      var page = new GenerationPorts.Revision(1, 1, "orders", revision.stock(), "<p>a page</p>", null, null, List.of());
+      assertEquals("Preview is available for labels only.",
+         assertThrows(QException.class, () -> bridge.preview(new GenerationPorts.PreviewRequest("actor-1", GenerationPorts.Format.PDF, page, Map.of(), null, MAXIMUM))).getMessage());
+      var coarse = new GenerationPorts.Stock(50800, 25400, 0, 0, 0, 0, 150);
+      var tall = new GenerationPorts.Stock(25400, 1600000, 0, 0, 0, 0, 203);
+      var negative = new GenerationPorts.Stock(50800, 25400, -1, 0, 0, 0, 203);
+      for(GenerationPorts.PreviewRequest outside : List.of(
+         new GenerationPorts.PreviewRequest("actor-1", GenerationPorts.Format.ZPL, revision, Map.of(), null, 4 * 1024 * 1024 + 1),
+         new GenerationPorts.PreviewRequest("actor-1", GenerationPorts.Format.ZPL, FakeWorker.revision(FakeWorker.scene("anchors"), coarse), Map.of(), null, MAXIMUM),
+         new GenerationPorts.PreviewRequest("actor-1", GenerationPorts.Format.ZPL, FakeWorker.revision(FakeWorker.scene("anchors"), tall), Map.of(), 600, MAXIMUM),
+         new GenerationPorts.PreviewRequest("actor-1", GenerationPorts.Format.ZPL, FakeWorker.revision(FakeWorker.scene("anchors"), negative), Map.of(), null, MAXIMUM),
+         new GenerationPorts.PreviewRequest("actor-1", GenerationPorts.Format.ZPL, FakeWorker.revision(FakeWorker.scene("anchors"), revision.stock()), Map.of("object", Path.of("private")), null, MAXIMUM)))
+      {
+         assertEquals("Isolated renderer rejected or could not complete the request.", assertThrows(QException.class, () -> bridge.preview(outside)).getMessage());
+      }
+      assertEquals(List.of(), unused.jobs);
+      assertEquals(List.of(), unused.questions);
+   }
+}

bridges/renderer/src/test/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/documentgeneration/renderer/SceneFactsTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+/*
+ * QQQ - Low-code Application Framework for Engineers.
+ * Copyright (C) 2021-2025.  Kingsrook, LLC
+ * 651 N Broad St Ste 205 # 6917 | Middletown DE 19709 | United States
+ * contact@kingsrook.com
+ * https://github.com/Kingsrook/
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.kingsrook.qbits.documentgeneration.renderer;
+
+
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.TreeSet;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonNode;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.documentgeneration.GenerationPorts;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.documentgeneration.GenerationPorts.FailureCode;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNull;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertSame;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
+
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ ** What the host reads from a label source (its version and the ids it
+ ** declares), and the version rule's two written-out sets of refusals.
+ *******************************************************************************/
+class SceneFactsTest
+{
+   private static final String SCENE = "{\"design\":{\"width\":\"4in\",\"height\":\"1in\"},\"samples\":{\"default\":{\"id\":\"sampled\",\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"nested\"}]}},"
+      + "\"elements\":[7,{\"id\":\"caption\",\"type\":\"text\",\"fit\":{\"id\":\"inside\"}},{\"id\":\"panel\",\"type\":\"group\",\"children\":[{\"id\":\"inner\",\"type\":\"box\"},[]]},"
+      + "{\"id\":7},{\"id\":\"not an id\"},{\"children\":\"none\"}],\"overrides\":[{\"when\":{\"dpi\":[203]},\"set\":{\"overridden\":{\"id\":\"renamed\"}}}],\"schema\":\"qqq-zpl-scene/2\"}";
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** The property names the host admits in a pointer are exactly the names the
+    ** version 2 schema declares, wherever in the schema they are declared.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void theVocabularyIsThePropertyNamesOfTheSchema() throws Exception
+   {
+      Set<String> declared = new TreeSet<>();
+      names(RendererJson.JSON.readTree(Files.readAllBytes(Path.of("..", "..", "renderer", "schema", "zpl-scene-2.schema.json"))), declared);
+      assertEquals(declared, new TreeSet<>(SceneFacts.VOCABULARY));
+      assertEquals(46, SceneFacts.VOCABULARY.size());
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** Every key of every `properties` object in a schema.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   private static void names(JsonNode node, Set<String> names)
+   {
+      for(Map.Entry<String, JsonNode> property : node.properties())
+      {
+         if(property.getKey().equals("properties") && property.getValue().isObject())
+         {
+            property.getValue().fieldNames().forEachRemaining(names::add);
+         }
+         names(property.getValue(), names);
+      }
+      if(node.isArray())
+      {
+         node.forEach(item -> names(item, names));
+      }
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** A version 2 scene declares the ids of its elements and of their children,
+    ** and nothing else: not a sample's, an override's or a property's `id`, not
+    ** an id of the wrong shape.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void aSceneDeclaresTheIdsOfItsElementsAndTheirChildrenOnly()
+   {
+      SceneFacts facts = SceneFacts.of(GenerationPorts.Format.ZPL, SCENE);
+      assertTrue(facts.version2());
+      for(String id : List.of("caption", "panel", "inner"))
+      {
+         assertTrue(facts.declares(id), id);
+      }
+      for(String id : List.of("sampled", "nested", "inside", "overridden", "renamed", "7", "not an id", "Caption", ""))
+      {
+         assertFalse(facts.declares(id), id);
+      }
+      assertTrue(facts.points(""));
+      assertTrue(facts.points("/elements/2/children/0/width"));
+      assertTrue(facts.points("/overrides/0/set/caption/size"));
+      assertTrue(facts.points("/elements/9999"));
+      for(String pointer : List.of("elements", "/elements/sampled", "/elements/0/", "//", "/elements/10000", "/elements/0/Width", "/elements/-1"))
+      {
+         assertFalse(facts.points(pointer), pointer);
+      }
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** Anything the host cannot read as a version 2 scene is not one to the host
+    ** and declares nothing: another schema, a PDF, text that is not one JSON
+    ** object, a repeated property, too deep a nesting, too many elements.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void aSourceThatIsNotAReadableVersionTwoSceneDeclaresNothing()
+   {
+      StringBuilder crowded = new StringBuilder("{\"schema\":\"qqq-zpl-scene/2\",\"elements\":[");
+      for(int index = 0; index < 1001; index++)
+      {
+         crowded.append(index == 0 ? "" : ",").append("{\"id\":\"e").append(index).append("\"}");
+      }
+      String full = crowded + "]}";
+      for(String source : List.of(SCENE.replace("qqq-zpl-scene/2", "qqq-zpl-scene/1"), SCENE.replace("\"qqq-zpl-scene/2\"", "2"), "{\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"caption\"}]}", "{}", "[]", "",
+         "not json", SCENE + "{}", SCENE.substring(0, SCENE.length() - 1), SCENE.replace("\"schema\"", "\"design\""), "{\"schema\":\"qqq-zpl-scene/2\",\"elements\":" + "[".repeat(30) + "]".repeat(30) + "}",
+         full))
+      {
+         SceneFacts facts = SceneFacts.of(GenerationPorts.Format.ZPL, source);
+         assertFalse(facts.version2(), source);
+         assertFalse(facts.declares("caption"), source);
+         assertFalse(facts.declares("e1"), source);
+      }
+      assertFalse(SceneFacts.of(GenerationPorts.Format.PDF, SCENE).version2());
+      assertTrue(SceneFacts.of(GenerationPorts.Format.ZPL, full.replace(",{\"id\":\"e1000\"}", "")).declares("e999"));
+      assertTrue(SceneFacts.of(GenerationPorts.Format.ZPL, "{\"schema\":\"qqq-zpl-scene/2\"}").version2());
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** The version rule's sets are written out: the released renderer names the
+    ** thirteen codes it shipped with, the current one those and every scene
+    ** refusal. A code added to the port later is in neither until someone
+    ** decides which renderer may name it, and this test says so.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void eachRendererNamesExactlyItsOwnRefusals()
+   {
+      List<String> released = List.of("BARCODE_FIT_TOO_SMALL", "BARCODE_FIT_UNSUPPORTED", "BARCODE_FIT_BOX_OUTSIDE_STOCK", "BARCODE_FIT_GEOMETRY_MISMATCH", "INVALID_BARCODE_FIT_PROFILE",
+         "INVALID_BARCODE_FIT_REQUEST", "BARCODE_SYMBOLOGY_NOT_ALLOWED", "SYMBOLOGY_ALLOWLIST_REQUIRED", "SCANNER_BARCODE_PROFILE_UNSUPPORTED", "SCANNER_BARCODE_PAYLOAD_UNSUPPORTED",
+         "SCANNER_BARCODE_CHECKSUM_REQUIRED", "SCANNER_BARCODE_CHECKSUM_MISMATCH", "UNSUPPORTED_BARCODE_OPTION");
+      assertEquals(13, released.size());
+      for(FailureCode code : FailureCode.values())
+      {
+         assertEquals(released.contains(code.name()), RendererVersion.RELEASED.names(code), code.name());
+         assertTrue(RendererVersion.CURRENT.names(code), code.name());
+      }
+      assertSame(RendererVersion.RELEASED, RendererVersion.of("qqq-renderer-0.1.0"));
+      assertSame(RendererVersion.CURRENT, RendererVersion.of("qqq-renderer-0.2.0"));
+      assertFalse(RendererVersion.RELEASED.structured());
+      assertTrue(RendererVersion.CURRENT.structured());
+      for(String other : List.of("qqq-renderer-0.3.0", "qqq-renderer-0.2.0 ", "qqq-renderer-0.1", "0.2.0", ""))
+      {
+         assertNull(RendererVersion.of(other), other);
+      }
+      assertNull(RendererVersion.of(null));
+   }
+}

bridges/renderer/src/test/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/documentgeneration/renderer/VersionRuleTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,354 @@
+/*
+ * QQQ - Low-code Application Framework for Engineers.
+ * Copyright (C) 2021-2025.  Kingsrook, LLC
+ * 651 N Broad St Ste 205 # 6917 | Middletown DE 19709 | United States
+ * contact@kingsrook.com
+ * https://github.com/Kingsrook/
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.kingsrook.qbits.documentgeneration.renderer;
+
+
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.TreeSet;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonNode;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.documentgeneration.GenerationPorts;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.documentgeneration.GenerationPorts.Diagnostic;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.documentgeneration.GenerationPorts.FailureCode;
+import com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.exceptions.QException;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.io.TempDir;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertArrayEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
+
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ ** The version rule and the render target, through the bridge: renderer 0.1.0
+ ** and 0.2.0 against version 1 and version 2 scenes, what is sent to each, and
+ ** that no job asked for one resolution is ever answered with another.
+ *******************************************************************************/
+class VersionRuleTest
+{
+   private static final String SECRET = "a-record-value-that-must-not-travel";
+   private static final byte[] VERSION_ONE_LABEL = "^XA^PW406^LL203^LH0,0^CI28\n^FO2,40^GB20,10,1^FS\n^XZ\n".getBytes(StandardCharsets.US_ASCII);
+   private static final int MAXIMUM = 1024 * 1024;
+   private static final int LABEL_FRAME = 4 * ((MAXIMUM + 2) / 3) + 4096;
+
+   @TempDir
+   Path directory;
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** A render job for a scene on the stock of the `anchors` case (2 x 1 in at
+    ** 203 dpi), with a record value in its context.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   private static GenerationPorts.RenderRequest job(String scene, Integer targetDpi) throws Exception
+   {
+      return (new GenerationPorts.RenderRequest("request-1", "actor-1", new GenerationPorts.Source("orders", "1"), GenerationPorts.Format.ZPL,
+         FakeWorker.revision(scene, FakeWorker.stock("anchors")), Map.of("name", SECRET), MAXIMUM, targetDpi));
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** A worker of a version that renders the right label for whatever it is
+    ** asked: the golden of the `anchors` case at the job's resolution for a
+    ** version 2 scene, the fixed label for a version 1 scene.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   private static FakeWorker renderer(String version)
+   {
+      return (new FakeWorker(version, job ->
+      {
+         String id = job.path("requestId").textValue();
+         if(job.path("operation").textValue().equals("VALIDATE"))
+         {
+            return (FakeWorker.validated(id, version));
+         }
+         boolean version2 = job.path("source").textValue().contains("qqq-zpl-scene/2");
+         int dpi = job.has("targetDpi") ? job.path("targetDpi").intValue() : job.path("stock").path("dpi").intValue();
+         return (FakeWorker.rendered(id, version, version2 ? FakeWorker.golden("anchors", dpi) : VERSION_ONE_LABEL, List.of()));
+      }));
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** The names of the fields of a frame.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   private static Set<String> names(JsonNode frame)
+   {
+      Set<String> names = new TreeSet<>();
+      frame.fieldNames().forEachRemaining(names::add);
+      return (names);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** Renderer 0.1.0 with a version 1 scene: printing continues exactly as
+    ** released. The job has the released fields and nothing else, no version
+    ** question is asked, and the frame bound is the released one.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void theReleasedRendererStillPrintsVersionOne() throws Exception
+   {
+      FakeWorker worker = renderer(FakeWorker.RELEASED);
+      IsolatedRendererBridge bridge = FakeWorker.bridge(directory, worker);
+      assertArrayEquals(VERSION_ONE_LABEL, bridge.render(job(FakeWorker.VERSION_ONE_SCENE, null)).bytes());
+      bridge.validate("actor-1", job(FakeWorker.VERSION_ONE_SCENE, null).revision());
+      assertEquals(List.of(), worker.questions);
+      assertEquals(2, worker.jobs.size());
+      assertEquals(Set.of("protocol", "requestId", "operation", "format", "source", "stock", "context", "assets", "maximumBytes"), names(worker.jobs.get(0)));
+      assertEquals(List.of(LABEL_FRAME, 4096), worker.frameLimits);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** Renderer 0.2.0 with a version 1 scene: the same job, and the answer with
+    ** its (empty) diagnostics is accepted.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void theCurrentRendererPrintsVersionOne() throws Exception
+   {
+      FakeWorker worker = renderer(FakeWorker.CURRENT);
+      IsolatedRendererBridge bridge = FakeWorker.bridge(directory, worker);
+      assertArrayEquals(VERSION_ONE_LABEL, bridge.render(job(FakeWorker.VERSION_ONE_SCENE, null)).bytes());
+      bridge.validate("actor-1", job(FakeWorker.VERSION_ONE_SCENE, null).revision());
+      assertEquals(List.of(), worker.questions);
+      assertEquals(Set.of("protocol", "requestId", "operation", "format", "source", "stock", "context", "assets", "maximumBytes"), names(worker.jobs.get(0)));
+      assertEquals(List.of(LABEL_FRAME, 4096), worker.frameLimits);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** Renderer 0.1.0 with a version 2 scene: refused as `RENDERER_TOO_OLD`
+    ** before anything of the scene or the record is sent. All the worker ever
+    ** receives is the version question, which is a constant.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void theReleasedRendererIsNeverSentAVersionTwoScene() throws Exception
+   {
+      FakeWorker worker = renderer(FakeWorker.RELEASED);
+      IsolatedRendererBridge bridge = FakeWorker.bridge(directory, worker);
+      String scene = FakeWorker.scene("anchors");
+      var refusal = assertThrows(GenerationPorts.RenderException.class, () -> bridge.render(job(scene, null)));
+      assertEquals(FailureCode.RENDERER_TOO_OLD, refusal.code());
+      assertEquals(FailureCode.RENDERER_TOO_OLD, assertThrows(GenerationPorts.RenderException.class, () -> bridge.render(job(scene, 300))).code());
+      assertEquals(FailureCode.RENDERER_TOO_OLD, assertThrows(GenerationPorts.RenderException.class, () -> bridge.validate("actor-1", job(scene, null).revision())).code());
+      assertEquals(List.of(), worker.jobs);
+      assertEquals(3, worker.questions.size());
+      for(JsonNode question : worker.questions)
+      {
+         assertEquals(IsolatedRendererBridge.PROBE_SCENE, question.path("source").textValue());
+         assertEquals("VALIDATE", question.path("operation").textValue());
+         assertEquals("{}", question.path("context").toString());
+         assertEquals("[]", question.path("assets").toString());
+         assertEquals(Set.of("protocol", "requestId", "operation", "format", "source", "stock", "context", "assets", "maximumBytes"), names(question));
+         assertFalse(question.toString().contains(SECRET) || question.toString().contains("qqq-zpl-scene/2") || question.toString().contains("top-left"));
+      }
+      ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+      // version 1 printing goes on beside it, on the same adapter                             //
+      ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+      assertArrayEquals(VERSION_ONE_LABEL, bridge.render(job(FakeWorker.VERSION_ONE_SCENE, null)).bytes());
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** Renderer 0.2.0 with a version 2 scene: rendered. The version question is
+    ** asked once; after a verified answer of 0.2.0 it is not asked again.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void theCurrentRendererPrintsVersionTwo() throws Exception
+   {
+      FakeWorker worker = renderer(FakeWorker.CURRENT);
+      IsolatedRendererBridge bridge = FakeWorker.bridge(directory, worker);
+      String scene = FakeWorker.scene("anchors");
+      assertArrayEquals(FakeWorker.golden("anchors", 203), bridge.render(job(scene, null)).bytes());
+      assertArrayEquals(FakeWorker.golden("anchors", 203), bridge.render(job(scene, null)).bytes());
+      bridge.validate("actor-1", job(scene, null).revision());
+      assertEquals(1, worker.questions.size());
+      assertEquals(3, worker.jobs.size());
+      assertEquals(scene, worker.jobs.get(0).path("source").textValue());
+      assertEquals(SECRET, worker.jobs.get(0).path("context").path("name").textValue());
+      assertEquals(Set.of("protocol", "requestId", "operation", "format", "source", "stock", "context", "assets", "maximumBytes"), names(worker.jobs.get(0)));
+      ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+      // the answers to a version 2 job have room for diagnostics, which is bounded            //
+      ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+      assertEquals(List.of(LABEL_FRAME + WorkerAnswer.DIAGNOSTICS_BYTES, LABEL_FRAME + WorkerAnswer.DIAGNOSTICS_BYTES, 4096 + WorkerAnswer.DIAGNOSTICS_BYTES), worker.frameLimits);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** A renderer that is replaced by an older one is noticed on its first
+    ** answer: that answer is refused whatever it says, and the next job asks
+    ** the version again and sends nothing.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void aRendererReplacedByAnOlderOneIsRefused() throws Exception
+   {
+      String scene = FakeWorker.scene("anchors");
+      List<String> versions = new ArrayList<>(List.of(FakeWorker.CURRENT, FakeWorker.CURRENT, FakeWorker.RELEASED, FakeWorker.RELEASED));
+      List<String> sent = new ArrayList<>();
+      IsolatedRendererBridge changing = FakeWorker.bridge(directory, (id, input, maximum) ->
+      {
+         JsonNode job = RendererJson.parse(input, 16 * 1024 * 1024);
+         String version = versions.remove(0);
+         sent.add(job.path("source").textValue().equals(IsolatedRendererBridge.PROBE_SCENE) ? "question" : "job");
+         return (FakeWorker.frame(job.path("operation").textValue().equals("VALIDATE") ? FakeWorker.validated(id, version) : FakeWorker.rendered(id, version, FakeWorker.golden("anchors", 203), List.of())));
+      });
+      assertArrayEquals(FakeWorker.golden("anchors", 203), changing.render(job(scene, null)).bytes());
+      assertEquals(FailureCode.RENDERER_TOO_OLD, assertThrows(GenerationPorts.RenderException.class, () -> changing.render(job(scene, null))).code());
+      assertEquals(FailureCode.RENDERER_TOO_OLD, assertThrows(GenerationPorts.RenderException.class, () -> changing.render(job(scene, null))).code());
+      assertEquals(List.of("question", "job", "job", "question"), sent);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** A renderer of a version this bridge was not built for is rejected, and so
+    ** is a refusal a renderer may not name; a refusal renderer 0.2.0 may name
+    ** arrives typed, with its diagnostic.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void onlyAcceptedRenderersAndTheirOwnRefusalsAreBelieved() throws Exception
+   {
+      IsolatedRendererBridge unknown = FakeWorker.bridge(directory, renderer("qqq-renderer-0.3.0"));
+      assertEquals(QException.class, assertThrows(QException.class, () -> unknown.render(job(FakeWorker.VERSION_ONE_SCENE, null))).getClass());
+      IsolatedRendererBridge early = FakeWorker.bridge(directory, new FakeWorker(FakeWorker.RELEASED, job -> FakeWorker.error(job.path("requestId").textValue(), FakeWorker.RELEASED, "SCENE_INVALID", null)));
+      assertEquals(QException.class, assertThrows(QException.class, () -> early.render(job(FakeWorker.VERSION_ONE_SCENE, null))).getClass());
+      IsolatedRendererBridge current = FakeWorker.bridge(directory, new FakeWorker(FakeWorker.CURRENT, job -> FakeWorker.error(job.path("requestId").textValue(), FakeWorker.CURRENT, "SCENE_INVALID",
+         FakeWorker.diagnostic("SCENE_INVALID", "ERROR", "element", "center", "pointer", "/elements/4/fill"))));
+      var refusal = assertThrows(GenerationPorts.RenderException.class, () -> current.render(job(FakeWorker.scene("anchors"), null)));
+      assertEquals(FailureCode.SCENE_INVALID, refusal.code());
+      assertEquals(new Diagnostic("SCENE_INVALID", Diagnostic.Severity.ERROR, "center", null, null, null, "/elements/4/fill"), refusal.diagnostic());
+      assertEquals(FailureCode.SCENE_INVALID, assertThrows(GenerationPorts.RenderException.class, () -> current.validate("actor-1", job(FakeWorker.scene("anchors"), null).revision())).code());
+      ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+      // the same diagnostic about a scene that does not declare `center` is not believed      //
+      ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+      assertEquals(QException.class, assertThrows(QException.class, () -> current.render(job(FakeWorker.scene("rules"), null))).getClass());
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** A render target is sent with a version 2 scene, and the label that comes
+    ** back is held to the page at that resolution. A worker that renders at
+    ** another resolution than it was asked for is refused, in either direction.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void aVersionTwoSceneIsRenderedAtItsTargetOrNotAtAll() throws Exception
+   {
+      FakeWorker worker = renderer(FakeWorker.CURRENT);
+      IsolatedRendererBridge bridge = FakeWorker.bridge(directory, worker);
+      String scene = FakeWorker.scene("anchors");
+      assertTrue(bridge.supportsRenderTarget());
+      for(int dpi : List.of(203, 300, 600))
+      {
+         assertArrayEquals(FakeWorker.golden("anchors", dpi), bridge.render(job(scene, dpi)).bytes());
+         assertEquals(dpi, worker.jobs.getLast().path("targetDpi").intValue());
+         assertEquals(203, worker.jobs.getLast().path("stock").path("dpi").intValue());
+      }
+      assertArrayEquals(FakeWorker.golden("anchors", 203), bridge.render(job(scene, null)).bytes());
+      assertFalse(worker.jobs.getLast().has("targetDpi"));
+
+      IsolatedRendererBridge ignoring = FakeWorker.bridge(directory, new FakeWorker(FakeWorker.CURRENT,
+         job -> FakeWorker.rendered(job.path("requestId").textValue(), FakeWorker.CURRENT, FakeWorker.golden("anchors", 203), List.of())));
+      assertArrayEquals(FakeWorker.golden("anchors", 203), ignoring.render(job(scene, null)).bytes());
+      assertEquals(QException.class, assertThrows(QException.class, () -> ignoring.render(job(scene, 300))).getClass());
+      IsolatedRendererBridge eager = FakeWorker.bridge(directory, new FakeWorker(FakeWorker.CURRENT,
+         job -> FakeWorker.rendered(job.path("requestId").textValue(), FakeWorker.CURRENT, FakeWorker.golden("anchors", 300), List.of())));
+      assertEquals(QException.class, assertThrows(QException.class, () -> eager.render(job(scene, null))).getClass());
+      assertEquals(QException.class, assertThrows(QException.class, () -> eager.render(job(scene, 600))).getClass());
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** A version 1 scene and a PDF have one resolution, their stock's. Asked for
+    ** another they are refused by name before any worker is contacted, because
+    ** a renderer would ignore the target; asked for their own they are rendered
+    ** as they always were, with no target on the wire.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void aVersionOneSceneOrAPdfIsNeverRenderedForAnotherResolution() throws Exception
+   {
+      for(String version : List.of(FakeWorker.RELEASED, FakeWorker.CURRENT))
+      {
+         FakeWorker worker = renderer(version);
+         IsolatedRendererBridge bridge = FakeWorker.bridge(directory, worker);
+         for(int dpi : List.of(300, 600))
+         {
+            var refusal = assertThrows(GenerationPorts.RenderException.class, () -> bridge.render(job(FakeWorker.VERSION_ONE_SCENE, dpi)));
+            assertEquals(FailureCode.TARGET_REQUIRES_SCENE_2, refusal.code());
+            assertEquals(new Diagnostic("TARGET_REQUIRES_SCENE_2", Diagnostic.Severity.ERROR, null, null, Map.of("dpi", dpi), Map.of("dpi", 203)), refusal.diagnostic());
+            var zpl = job(FakeWorker.VERSION_ONE_SCENE, dpi);
+            var page = new GenerationPorts.Revision(1, 1, "orders", zpl.revision().stock(), "<p>a page</p>", null, null, List.of());
+            var pdf = new GenerationPorts.RenderRequest(zpl.requestId(), zpl.actorId(), zpl.source(), GenerationPorts.Format.PDF, page, zpl.context(), zpl.maximumBytes(), dpi);
+            assertEquals(FailureCode.TARGET_REQUIRES_SCENE_2, assertThrows(GenerationPorts.RenderException.class, () -> bridge.render(pdf)).code());
+            ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+            // text that is not a scene the host can read is treated the same way                 //
+            ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+            assertEquals(FailureCode.TARGET_REQUIRES_SCENE_2, assertThrows(GenerationPorts.RenderException.class, () -> bridge.render(job("not a scene", dpi))).code());
+         }
+         assertEquals(List.of(), worker.jobs);
+         assertEquals(List.of(), worker.questions);
+         assertArrayEquals(VERSION_ONE_LABEL, bridge.render(job(FakeWorker.VERSION_ONE_SCENE, 203)).bytes());
+         assertFalse(worker.jobs.getLast().has("targetDpi"));
+      }
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** The frame of an answer never passes what the deployment was sized for,
+    ** and an answer longer than its bound is rejected.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void anAnswerIsBoundedByTheDeployment() throws Exception
+   {
+      FakeWorker worker = new FakeWorker(FakeWorker.CURRENT, job ->
+      {
+         List<Map<String, Object>> many = new ArrayList<>();
+         for(int index = 0; index < 150; index++)
+         {
+            many.add(FakeWorker.diagnostic("DEVICE_UNIT_USED", "WARNING", "element", "center", "measured", Map.of("index", index)));
+         }
+         Map<String, Object> answer = FakeWorker.validated(job.path("requestId").textValue(), FakeWorker.CURRENT);
+         answer.put("diagnostics", many);
+         return (answer);
+      });
+      var revision = job(FakeWorker.scene("anchors"), null).revision();
+      FakeWorker.bridge(directory, worker).validate("actor-1", revision);
+      ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+      // a deployment that admits documents of 4096 bytes has frames of 9560 bytes at most     //
+      ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+      IsolatedRendererBridge small = new IsolatedRendererBridge(BridgeTest.config(directory), (actor, asset, maximum) -> new byte[0], worker);
+      assertEquals(QException.class, assertThrows(QException.class, () -> small.validate("actor-1", revision)).getClass());
+      assertEquals(List.of(4096 + WorkerAnswer.DIAGNOSTICS_BYTES, 4 * ((4096 + 2) / 3) + 4096), worker.frameLimits);
+   }
+}

bridges/renderer/src/test/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/documentgeneration/renderer/WorkerAnswerTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,420 @@
+/*
+ * QQQ - Low-code Application Framework for Engineers.
+ * Copyright (C) 2021-2025.  Kingsrook, LLC
+ * 651 N Broad St Ste 205 # 6917 | Middletown DE 19709 | United States
+ * contact@kingsrook.com
+ * https://github.com/Kingsrook/
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.kingsrook.qbits.documentgeneration.renderer;
+
+
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.documentgeneration.GenerationPorts;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.documentgeneration.GenerationPorts.Diagnostic;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.documentgeneration.GenerationPorts.FailureCode;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNull;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertSame;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
+
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ ** The worker's answer is untrusted. These are the answers a compromised or
+ ** defective worker could send, each held to the name it is rejected by, beside
+ ** the answers that are accepted and what they become.
+ *******************************************************************************/
+class WorkerAnswerTest
+{
+   private static final String ID = "request-1";
+   private static final String SCENE = "{\"schema\":\"qqq-zpl-scene/2\",\"design\":{\"width\":\"4in\",\"height\":\"1in\"},\"samples\":{\"default\":{\"id\":\"sampled\"}},"
+      + "\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"caption\",\"type\":\"text\"},{\"id\":\"panel\",\"type\":\"group\",\"children\":[{\"id\":\"inner\",\"type\":\"box\"}]}],"
+      + "\"overrides\":[{\"when\":{\"dpi\":[203]},\"set\":{\"caption\":{\"size\":\"7pt\"}}}]}";
+   private static final SceneFacts FACTS = SceneFacts.of(GenerationPorts.Format.ZPL, SCENE);
+   private static final byte[] LABEL = "^XA^PW812^LL203^LH0,0^CI28\n^XZ\n".getBytes(StandardCharsets.US_ASCII);
+   private static final int FRAME = 4 * 1024 * 1024;
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** Read a frame for the scene above.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   private static WorkerAnswer read(Map<String, Object> fields) throws Exception
+   {
+      return (WorkerAnswer.read(FakeWorker.frame(fields), FRAME, ID, FACTS));
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** The name an answer is rejected by, when reading it or when holding it to a
+    ** render that collected diagnostics for a version 2 scene.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   private static String rejection(Map<String, Object> fields)
+   {
+      return (assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> read(fields).settle("RENDER", true, true)).getMessage());
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** A refused answer holding these diagnostics.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   private static Map<String, Object> refused(Map<String, Object> diagnostic)
+   {
+      return (FakeWorker.refused(ID, List.of(diagnostic)));
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** A full diagnostic is read into the port's record, part for part, and a
+    ** refused answer gives them in the worker's order.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void aDiagnosticOfTheSceneIsReadPartForPart() throws Exception
+   {
+      Map<String, Object> error = FakeWorker.diagnostic("TEXT_DOES_NOT_FIT", "ERROR", "element", "caption", "pointer", "/elements/0/fit", "box", List.of(24, -3, 764, 56),
+         "measured", Map.of("widthDots", 902, "lines", 2), "limit", Map.of("widthDots", 764));
+      Map<String, Object> warning = FakeWorker.diagnostic("DEVICE_UNIT_USED", "WARNING", "element", "inner", "pointer", "/elements/1/children/0/width");
+      Map<String, Object> override = FakeWorker.diagnostic("SCENE_INVALID", "ERROR", "element", "caption", "pointer", "/overrides/0/set/caption/size");
+      Map<String, Object> whole = FakeWorker.diagnostic("SCENE_INVALID", "ERROR", "pointer", "");
+      WorkerAnswer answer = read(FakeWorker.refused(ID, List.of(error, warning, override, whole))).settle("RENDER", true, true);
+      assertTrue(answer.refused());
+      assertSame(RendererVersion.CURRENT, answer.version());
+      assertEquals(List.of(
+         new Diagnostic("TEXT_DOES_NOT_FIT", Diagnostic.Severity.ERROR, "caption", List.of(24, -3, 764, 56), Map.of("widthDots", 902, "lines", 2), Map.of("widthDots", 764), "/elements/0/fit"),
+         new Diagnostic("DEVICE_UNIT_USED", Diagnostic.Severity.WARNING, "inner", null, null, null, "/elements/1/children/0/width"),
+         new Diagnostic("SCENE_INVALID", Diagnostic.Severity.ERROR, "caption", null, null, null, "/overrides/0/set/caption/size"),
+         new Diagnostic("SCENE_INVALID", Diagnostic.Severity.ERROR, null, null, null, null, "")), answer.diagnostics());
+      assertNull(answer.fields().get("base64"));
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** A pointer may hold only array indexes, property names of the schema and
+    ** ids the scene declares; an element must be declared by the scene. An id
+    ** that appears only in a sample, a record-like value, a path upward or an
+    ** empty segment is not one of those.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void aDiagnosticThatIsNotOfTheSceneTheHostSentIsRejected()
+   {
+      for(String pointer : List.of("/elements/0/secret", "/overrides/0/set/undeclared", "/elements/0/sampled", "/elements/0/ACME-12345"))
+      {
+         assertEquals("DIAGNOSTIC_NOT_OF_THIS_SCENE", rejection(refused(FakeWorker.diagnostic("SCENE_INVALID", "ERROR", "pointer", pointer))), pointer);
+      }
+      for(String pointer : List.of("elements/0", "/elements//0", "/elements/0/", "/elements/..", "/elements/0/a b", "/elements/0/caf%", "/elements/10000", "/elements/01", "/" + "a/".repeat(16) + "a"))
+      {
+         assertEquals("DIAGNOSTIC_OUTSIDE_VOCABULARY", rejection(refused(FakeWorker.diagnostic("SCENE_INVALID", "ERROR", "pointer", pointer))), pointer);
+      }
+      for(String element : List.of("undeclared", "sampled", "Caption"))
+      {
+         assertEquals("DIAGNOSTIC_NOT_OF_THIS_SCENE", rejection(refused(FakeWorker.diagnostic("TEXT_DOES_NOT_FIT", "ERROR", "element", element))), element);
+      }
+      assertEquals("DIAGNOSTIC_OUTSIDE_VOCABULARY", rejection(refused(FakeWorker.diagnostic("TEXT_DOES_NOT_FIT", "ERROR", "element", "a customer's name"))));
+      ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+      // a source the host cannot read as version 2 declares nothing, so nothing can be named //
+      ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+      SceneFacts none = SceneFacts.of(GenerationPorts.Format.ZPL, "{}");
+      assertEquals("DIAGNOSTIC_NOT_OF_THIS_SCENE", assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class,
+         () -> WorkerAnswer.read(FakeWorker.frame(refused(FakeWorker.diagnostic("TEXT_DOES_NOT_FIT", "ERROR", "element", "caption"))), FRAME, ID, none)).getMessage());
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** A diagnostic is its closed vocabulary and bounded numbers: an unknown code
+    ** or severity, a sentence, a wrong shape or a number that is not a whole
+    ** int is rejected.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void aDiagnosticOutsideItsShapeIsRejected()
+   {
+      assertEquals("DIAGNOSTIC_OUTSIDE_VOCABULARY", rejection(refused(FakeWorker.diagnostic("RENDER_FAILED", "ERROR"))));
+      assertEquals("DIAGNOSTIC_OUTSIDE_VOCABULARY", rejection(refused(FakeWorker.diagnostic("TEXT_SHRUNK", "ERROR"))));
+      assertEquals("DIAGNOSTIC_OUTSIDE_VOCABULARY", rejection(refused(FakeWorker.diagnostic("TEXT_DOES_NOT_FIT", "FATAL"))));
+      assertEquals("DIAGNOSTIC_OUTSIDE_VOCABULARY", rejection(refused(Map.of("code", "TEXT_DOES_NOT_FIT"))));
+      assertEquals("DIAGNOSTIC_OUTSIDE_VOCABULARY", rejection(refused(Map.of("severity", "ERROR"))));
+      assertEquals("DIAGNOSTIC_OUTSIDE_VOCABULARY", rejection(refused(FakeWorker.diagnostic("TEXT_DOES_NOT_FIT", "ERROR", "box", List.of(1, 2, 3)))));
+      assertEquals("DIAGNOSTIC_OUTSIDE_VOCABULARY", rejection(refused(FakeWorker.diagnostic("TEXT_DOES_NOT_FIT", "ERROR", "box", List.of(1, 2, -3, 4)))));
+      assertEquals("DIAGNOSTIC_OUTSIDE_VOCABULARY", rejection(refused(FakeWorker.diagnostic("TEXT_DOES_NOT_FIT", "ERROR", "measured", Map.of("Order number", 1)))));
+      assertEquals("DIAGNOSTIC_BOX", rejection(refused(FakeWorker.diagnostic("TEXT_DOES_NOT_FIT", "ERROR", "box", List.of(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)))));
+      assertEquals("DIAGNOSTIC_BOX", rejection(refused(FakeWorker.diagnostic("TEXT_DOES_NOT_FIT", "ERROR", "box", List.of(1, 2, 3, 1_000_001)))));
+      assertEquals("DIAGNOSTIC_BOX", rejection(refused(FakeWorker.diagnostic("TEXT_DOES_NOT_FIT", "ERROR", "box", List.of(-1_000_001, 2, 3, 4)))));
+      assertEquals("DIAGNOSTIC_INTEGER", rejection(refused(FakeWorker.diagnostic("TEXT_DOES_NOT_FIT", "ERROR", "box", List.of(1, 2, 3, "4")))));
+      assertEquals("DIAGNOSTIC_INTEGER", rejection(refused(FakeWorker.diagnostic("TEXT_DOES_NOT_FIT", "ERROR", "measured", Map.of("widthDots", 1.5)))));
+      assertEquals("DIAGNOSTIC_INTEGER", rejection(refused(FakeWorker.diagnostic("TEXT_DOES_NOT_FIT", "ERROR", "limit", Map.of("widthDots", "wide")))));
+      assertEquals("DIAGNOSTIC_INTEGER", rejection(refused(FakeWorker.diagnostic("TEXT_DOES_NOT_FIT", "ERROR", "limit", Map.of("widthDots", List.of(1))))));
+      assertEquals("DIAGNOSTIC_NUMBERS", rejection(refused(FakeWorker.diagnostic("TEXT_DOES_NOT_FIT", "ERROR", "measured", Map.of("n" + "a".repeat(32), 1)))));
+      Map<String, Object> nine = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+      for(int index = 0; index < 9; index++)
+      {
+         nine.put("n" + index, index);
+      }
+      assertEquals("DIAGNOSTIC_NUMBERS", rejection(refused(FakeWorker.diagnostic("TEXT_DOES_NOT_FIT", "ERROR", "limit", nine))));
+      for(Map<String, Object> shape : List.of(FakeWorker.diagnostic("TEXT_DOES_NOT_FIT", "ERROR", "message", "free text"), FakeWorker.diagnostic("TEXT_DOES_NOT_FIT", "ERROR", "element", 7),
+         FakeWorker.diagnostic("TEXT_DOES_NOT_FIT", "ERROR", "pointer", List.of()), FakeWorker.diagnostic("TEXT_DOES_NOT_FIT", "ERROR", "box", "1,2,3,4"),
+         FakeWorker.diagnostic("TEXT_DOES_NOT_FIT", "ERROR", "measured", List.of()), FakeWorker.diagnostic("TEXT_DOES_NOT_FIT", "ERROR", "limit", 4), Map.<String, Object>of("code", "TEXT_DOES_NOT_FIT", "severity", 1)))
+      {
+         assertEquals("DIAGNOSTIC_FIELD_REJECTED", rejection(refused(shape)), shape.toString());
+      }
+      assertEquals("RESPONSE_TEXT_LIMIT", rejection(refused(FakeWorker.diagnostic("TEXT_DOES_NOT_FIT", "ERROR", "element", "a".repeat(65)))));
+      assertEquals("RESPONSE_TEXT_LIMIT", rejection(refused(FakeWorker.diagnostic("SCENE_INVALID", "ERROR", "pointer", "/a".repeat(265)))));
+      Map<String, Object> list = FakeWorker.envelope(ID, FakeWorker.CURRENT, "REFUSED");
+      list.put("diagnostics", List.of("TEXT_DOES_NOT_FIT"));
+      assertEquals("DIAGNOSTIC_OBJECT_REQUIRED", rejection(list));
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** An answer is bounded: its frame, its texts and how many diagnostics it
+    ** holds.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void anOversizedAnswerIsRejected() throws Exception
+   {
+      List<Map<String, Object>> many = new ArrayList<>();
+      for(int index = 0; index < WorkerAnswer.MAXIMUM_DIAGNOSTICS; index++)
+      {
+         many.add(FakeWorker.diagnostic("DEVICE_UNIT_USED", "WARNING", "element", "caption", "measured", Map.of("index", index)));
+      }
+      many.add(FakeWorker.diagnostic("TEXT_DOES_NOT_FIT", "ERROR", "element", "caption"));
+      assertEquals("DIAGNOSTIC_LIMIT", rejection(FakeWorker.refused(ID, many)));
+      many.remove(0);
+      assertEquals(WorkerAnswer.MAXIMUM_DIAGNOSTICS, read(FakeWorker.refused(ID, many)).settle("RENDER", true, true).diagnostics().size());
+      byte[] frame = FakeWorker.frame(FakeWorker.refused(ID, many));
+      assertEquals("RESPONSE_BYTE_LIMIT", assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> WorkerAnswer.read(frame, frame.length - 1, ID, FACTS)).getMessage());
+      assertEquals(WorkerAnswer.MAXIMUM_DIAGNOSTICS, WorkerAnswer.read(frame, frame.length, ID, FACTS).diagnostics().size());
+      Map<String, Object> text = FakeWorker.envelope(ID, FakeWorker.CURRENT, "OK");
+      text.put("mediaType", "x".repeat(129));
+      assertEquals("RESPONSE_TEXT_LIMIT", rejection(text));
+      Map<String, Object> number = FakeWorker.rendered(ID, FakeWorker.CURRENT, LABEL, List.of());
+      number.put("length", 2147483648L);
+      assertThrows(java.io.IOException.class, () -> read(number));
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** One frame is one line of strict JSON whose fields are the known ones.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void aMalformedFrameIsRejected() throws Exception
+   {
+      String valid = new String(FakeWorker.frame(FakeWorker.validated(ID, FakeWorker.CURRENT)), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+      for(Map.Entry<String, String> malformed : Map.of("", "FRAME_TRUNCATED", valid.strip(), "FRAME_TRUNCATED", valid + valid, "EXTRA_FRAME", valid.replace(",", ",\r"), "EXTRA_FRAME",
+         "[]\n", "RESPONSE_OBJECT_REQUIRED", valid.strip() + " {}\n", "RESPONSE_TRAILING_VALUE", valid.replace("\"diagnostics\":[]", "\"diagnostics\":{}"), "RESPONSE_FIELD_REJECTED",
+         valid.replace("\"diagnostics\":[]", "\"detail\":[]"), "RESPONSE_FIELD_REJECTED", valid.replace("\"diagnostics\":[]", "\"unknown\":1"), "RESPONSE_FIELD_REJECTED",
+         valid.replace("\"OK\"", "7"), "RESPONSE_FIELD_REJECTED").entrySet())
+      {
+         assertEquals(malformed.getValue(), assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class,
+            () -> WorkerAnswer.read(malformed.getKey().getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8), FRAME, ID, FACTS)).getMessage(), malformed.getKey());
+      }
+      for(String broken : List.of(valid.replace("\"diagnostics\":[]", "\"outcome\":\"OK\""), valid.replace("}", "")))
+      {
+         assertThrows(java.io.IOException.class, () -> WorkerAnswer.read(broken.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8), FRAME, ID, FACTS), broken);
+      }
+      byte[] bytes = valid.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+      bytes[10] = (byte) 0xFF;
+      assertThrows(java.io.IOException.class, () -> WorkerAnswer.read(bytes, FRAME, ID, FACTS));
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** An answer is for this request, this protocol and catalog, from a renderer
+    ** this bridge accepts, with an outcome it knows.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void anAnswerOutsideItsEnvelopeIsRejected() throws Exception
+   {
+      for(String field : List.of("protocol", "requestId", "rendererVersion", "catalogVersion", "outcome"))
+      {
+         Map<String, Object> changed = FakeWorker.validated(ID, FakeWorker.CURRENT);
+         changed.put(field, "qqq-renderer-0.3.0");
+         assertEquals("WORKER_RESPONSE_REJECTED", rejection(changed), field);
+         Map<String, Object> missing = FakeWorker.validated(ID, FakeWorker.CURRENT);
+         missing.remove(field);
+         assertEquals("WORKER_RESPONSE_REJECTED", rejection(missing), field);
+      }
+      assertSame(RendererVersion.RELEASED, read(FakeWorker.validated(ID, FakeWorker.RELEASED)).version());
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** A refused answer carries no label. One that does, in any of its parts, is
+    ** rejected, so nothing downstream can find bytes of a label with elements
+    ** missing. An answer is refused only when diagnostics were collected and one
+    ** of them is an error; an accepted answer has no error.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void aRefusedAnswerThatCarriesLabelBytesIsRejected() throws Exception
+   {
+      Map<String, Object> error = FakeWorker.diagnostic("TEXT_DOES_NOT_FIT", "ERROR", "element", "caption");
+      Map<String, Object> label = FakeWorker.rendered(ID, FakeWorker.CURRENT, LABEL, List.of(error));
+      label.put("outcome", "REFUSED");
+      assertEquals("WORKER_RESPONSE_REJECTED", rejection(label));
+      for(String part : List.of("mediaType", "base64", "sha256", "length", "pageCount"))
+      {
+         Map<String, Object> partial = refused(error);
+         partial.put(part, label.get(part));
+         assertEquals("WORKER_RESPONSE_REJECTED", rejection(partial), part);
+      }
+      assertEquals("WORKER_RESPONSE_REJECTED", rejection(FakeWorker.refused(ID, List.of())));
+      assertEquals("WORKER_RESPONSE_REJECTED", rejection(refused(FakeWorker.diagnostic("DEVICE_UNIT_USED", "WARNING"))));
+      Map<String, Object> bare = FakeWorker.envelope(ID, FakeWorker.CURRENT, "REFUSED");
+      assertEquals("WORKER_RESPONSE_REJECTED", rejection(bare));
+      Map<String, Object> detailed = refused(error);
+      detailed.put("detail", error);
+      assertEquals("WORKER_RESPONSE_REJECTED", rejection(detailed));
+      ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+      // the print path never collects, so to it a refused answer is always a rejected answer //
+      ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+      assertEquals("WORKER_RESPONSE_REJECTED", assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> read(refused(error)).settle("RENDER", false, true)).getMessage());
+      assertEquals("WORKER_RESPONSE_REJECTED", rejection(FakeWorker.rendered(ID, FakeWorker.CURRENT, LABEL, List.of(error))));
+      assertFalse(read(FakeWorker.rendered(ID, FakeWorker.CURRENT, LABEL, List.of(FakeWorker.diagnostic("DEVICE_UNIT_USED", "WARNING")))).settle("RENDER", true, true).refused());
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** An answer has exactly the fields of its operation, outcome and renderer:
+    ** none missing, none added, and diagnostics only from the renderer that has
+    ** them.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void aWrongNumberOfFieldsIsRejected() throws Exception
+   {
+      for(String version : List.of(FakeWorker.RELEASED, FakeWorker.CURRENT))
+      {
+         assertEquals(List.of(), read(FakeWorker.rendered(ID, version, LABEL, List.of())).settle("RENDER", false, false).diagnostics());
+         read(FakeWorker.validated(ID, version)).settle("VALIDATE", false, false);
+         for(String part : List.of("mediaType", "base64", "sha256", "length", "pageCount"))
+         {
+            Map<String, Object> missing = FakeWorker.rendered(ID, version, LABEL, List.of());
+            missing.remove(part);
+            assertEquals("WORKER_RESPONSE_REJECTED", assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> read(missing).settle("RENDER", false, false)).getMessage(), part);
+         }
+         Map<String, Object> coded = FakeWorker.rendered(ID, version, LABEL, List.of());
+         coded.put("code", "BARCODE_FIT_TOO_SMALL");
+         assertEquals("WORKER_RESPONSE_REJECTED", assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> read(coded).settle("RENDER", false, false)).getMessage());
+         Map<String, Object> label = FakeWorker.rendered(ID, version, LABEL, List.of());
+         assertEquals("WORKER_RESPONSE_REJECTED", assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> read(label).settle("VALIDATE", false, false)).getMessage());
+         Map<String, Object> none = FakeWorker.validated(ID, version);
+         assertEquals("WORKER_RESPONSE_REJECTED", assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> read(none).settle("RENDER", false, false)).getMessage());
+      }
+      Map<String, Object> early = FakeWorker.validated(ID, FakeWorker.RELEASED);
+      early.put("diagnostics", List.of());
+      assertEquals("WORKER_RESPONSE_REJECTED", assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> read(early).settle("VALIDATE", false, false)).getMessage());
+      Map<String, Object> late = FakeWorker.validated(ID, FakeWorker.CURRENT);
+      late.remove("diagnostics");
+      assertEquals("WORKER_RESPONSE_REJECTED", assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> read(late).settle("VALIDATE", false, false)).getMessage());
+      Map<String, Object> detailed = FakeWorker.validated(ID, FakeWorker.CURRENT);
+      detailed.put("detail", FakeWorker.diagnostic("SCENE_INVALID", "ERROR"));
+      assertEquals("WORKER_RESPONSE_REJECTED", assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> read(detailed).settle("VALIDATE", false, false)).getMessage());
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** An error answer becomes the typed refusal with its diagnostic. The code
+    ** must be one its renderer may name, the detail must be that same error,
+    ** and an error answer has no other parts.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void anErrorAnswerIsTheTypedRefusalOrIsRejected() throws Exception
+   {
+      Map<String, Object> detail = FakeWorker.diagnostic("SCENE_INVALID", "ERROR", "element", "caption", "pointer", "/elements/0/fit");
+      var refusal = assertThrows(GenerationPorts.RenderException.class, () -> read(FakeWorker.error(ID, FakeWorker.CURRENT, "SCENE_INVALID", detail)).settle("RENDER", false, true));
+      assertEquals(FailureCode.SCENE_INVALID, refusal.code());
+      assertEquals(new Diagnostic("SCENE_INVALID", Diagnostic.Severity.ERROR, "caption", null, null, null, "/elements/0/fit"), refusal.diagnostic());
+      var bare = assertThrows(GenerationPorts.RenderException.class, () -> read(FakeWorker.error(ID, FakeWorker.CURRENT, "STOCK_MISMATCH", null)).settle("VALIDATE", false, true));
+      assertEquals(FailureCode.STOCK_MISMATCH, bare.code());
+      assertNull(bare.diagnostic());
+      assertEquals(FailureCode.BARCODE_FIT_TOO_SMALL, assertThrows(GenerationPorts.RenderException.class,
+         () -> read(FakeWorker.error(ID, FakeWorker.RELEASED, "BARCODE_FIT_TOO_SMALL", null)).settle("RENDER", false, false)).code());
+
+      List<Map<String, Object>> rejected = new ArrayList<>();
+      rejected.add(FakeWorker.error(ID, FakeWorker.CURRENT, "RENDER_FAILED", null));
+      rejected.add(FakeWorker.error(ID, FakeWorker.CURRENT, "A sentence about a customer.", null));
+      rejected.add(FakeWorker.error(ID, FakeWorker.RELEASED, "SCENE_INVALID", null));
+      rejected.add(FakeWorker.error(ID, FakeWorker.RELEASED, "BARCODE_FIT_TOO_SMALL", FakeWorker.diagnostic("BARCODE_FIT_TOO_SMALL", "ERROR")));
+      rejected.add(FakeWorker.error(ID, FakeWorker.CURRENT, "SCENE_INVALID", FakeWorker.diagnostic("STOCK_MISMATCH", "ERROR")));
+      rejected.add(FakeWorker.error(ID, FakeWorker.CURRENT, "SCENE_INVALID", FakeWorker.diagnostic("DEVICE_UNIT_USED", "WARNING")));
+      Map<String, Object> listed = FakeWorker.error(ID, FakeWorker.CURRENT, "SCENE_INVALID", null);
+      listed.put("diagnostics", List.of());
+      rejected.add(listed);
+      Map<String, Object> labelled = FakeWorker.error(ID, FakeWorker.CURRENT, "SCENE_INVALID", null);
+      labelled.put("mediaType", "application/vnd.zebra-zpl");
+      rejected.add(labelled);
+      Map<String, Object> uncoded = FakeWorker.envelope(ID, FakeWorker.CURRENT, "ERROR");
+      rejected.add(uncoded);
+      Map<String, Object> numbered = FakeWorker.envelope(ID, FakeWorker.CURRENT, "ERROR");
+      numbered.put("length", 1);
+      rejected.add(numbered);
+      for(Map<String, Object> answer : rejected)
+      {
+         assertEquals("WORKER_ERROR_REJECTED", assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> read(answer).settle("RENDER", false, false)).getMessage(), answer.toString());
+      }
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** A job that needs renderer 0.2.0 was not done by an older renderer,
+    ** whatever its answer says: success, a refusal or an unknown error.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void anOlderRendererNeverAnswersAJobThatNeedsTheNewOne() throws Exception
+   {
+      for(Map<String, Object> answer : List.of(FakeWorker.rendered(ID, FakeWorker.RELEASED, LABEL, List.of()), FakeWorker.validated(ID, FakeWorker.RELEASED),
+         FakeWorker.error(ID, FakeWorker.RELEASED, "RENDER_FAILED", null), FakeWorker.error(ID, FakeWorker.RELEASED, "BARCODE_FIT_TOO_SMALL", null)))
+      {
+         for(boolean collect : List.of(true, false))
+         {
+            assertEquals(FailureCode.RENDERER_TOO_OLD, assertThrows(GenerationPorts.RenderException.class, () -> read(answer).settle("RENDER", collect, true)).code());
+         }
+      }
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** A refused answer may name only the errors its renderer may name. Every
+    ** error code is one renderer 0.2.0 may name today, so the rule is shown on
+    ** the released renderer, which has no refused answer at all.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void aRefusedAnswerIsOnlyEverFromTheRendererThatCollects() throws Exception
+   {
+      Map<String, Object> old = FakeWorker.envelope(ID, FakeWorker.RELEASED, "REFUSED");
+      assertEquals("WORKER_RESPONSE_REJECTED", assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> read(old).settle("RENDER", true, false)).getMessage());
+      for(FailureCode code : FailureCode.values())
+      {
+         assertTrue(read(refused(FakeWorker.diagnostic(code.name(), "ERROR"))).settle("RENDER", true, true).refused(), code.name());
+      }
+   }
+}

bridges/renderer/src/test/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/documentgeneration/renderer/ZplRasterTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,355 @@
+/*
+ * QQQ - Low-code Application Framework for Engineers.
+ * Copyright (C) 2021-2025.  Kingsrook, LLC
+ * 651 N Broad St Ste 205 # 6917 | Middletown DE 19709 | United States
+ * contact@kingsrook.com
+ * https://github.com/Kingsrook/
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.kingsrook.qbits.documentgeneration.renderer;
+
+
+import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
+import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonNode;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.documentgeneration.GenerationPorts;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.MethodSource;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
+
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ ** The page decoded from label bytes is the page that was drawn: every golden
+ ** label of the renderer's version 2 cases decodes, dot for dot, to the golden
+ ** picture of the canvas it was emitted from, at 203, 300 and 600 dpi. Every
+ ** released version 1 label decodes too. A label that is not exactly the
+ ** policy's grammar, or is too large to draw, is refused by name.
+ *******************************************************************************/
+class ZplRasterTest
+{
+   private static final Path CORPUS = Path.of("..", "..", "renderer", "src", "test", "resources", "compat-v1");
+   private static final GenerationPorts.Stock STOCK = new GenerationPorts.Stock(25400, 12700, 0, 0, 0, 0, 203);
+   private static final String HEADER = "^XA^PW203^LL102^LH0,0^CI28\n";
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** The stored version 2 labels, named `<case>-<dpi>.zpl`.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   static List<String> goldens() throws Exception
+   {
+      return (ZplSceneTwoPolicyTest.labels());
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** The stored version 1 labels, by case name.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   static List<String> released() throws Exception
+   {
+      try(Stream<Path> files = Files.list(CORPUS.resolve("zpl")))
+      {
+         List<String> names = files.map(file -> file.getFileName().toString()).filter(name -> name.endsWith(".zpl")).map(name -> name.substring(0, name.length() - 4)).sorted().toList();
+         assertEquals(42, names.size());
+         return (names);
+      }
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** A small label on the one-inch stock of these tests.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   private static byte[] label(String fields)
+   {
+      return ((HEADER + fields + "^XZ\n").getBytes(StandardCharsets.US_ASCII));
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** The name a label is refused by.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   private static String refusal(String label)
+   {
+      return (assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> ZplRaster.decode(label.getBytes(StandardCharsets.US_ASCII))).getMessage());
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** A PNG read back with the platform's own decoder, never this class's.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   private static BufferedImage picture(byte[] png) throws Exception
+   {
+      return (ImageIO.read(new ByteArrayInputStream(png)));
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** The round trip: the picture decoded from the emitted label equals the
+    ** golden picture of the canvas that was emitted, and the PNG this class
+    ** writes holds exactly those dots.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   @ParameterizedTest(name = "{0}")
+   @MethodSource("goldens")
+   void aVersionTwoLabelDecodesToTheCanvasThatWasEmitted(String label) throws Exception
+   {
+      String name = label.substring(0, label.length() - 8);
+      int dpi = Integer.parseInt(label.substring(label.length() - 7, label.length() - 4));
+      GenerationPorts.Stock stock = FakeWorker.stock(name);
+      GenerationPorts.Stock printed = new GenerationPorts.Stock(stock.widthMicrons(), stock.heightMicrons(), stock.topMicrons(), stock.rightMicrons(), stock.bottomMicrons(), stock.leftMicrons(), dpi);
+      ZplRaster page = ZplRaster.page(FakeWorker.golden(name, dpi), printed);
+      BufferedImage golden = ImageIO.read(FakeWorker.SCENES.resolve("golden").resolve(name + "-" + dpi + ".png").toFile());
+      BufferedImage written = picture(page.png());
+      assertTrue(page.exact());
+      assertEquals(golden.getWidth(), page.width());
+      assertEquals(golden.getHeight(), page.height());
+      assertEquals(golden.getWidth(), written.getWidth());
+      assertEquals(golden.getHeight(), written.getHeight());
+      int inked = 0;
+      for(int y = 0; y < page.height(); y++)
+      {
+         for(int x = 0; x < page.width(); x++)
+         {
+            boolean ink = (golden.getRGB(x, y) & 0xFFFFFF) == 0;
+            inked += ink ? 1 : 0;
+            if(page.ink(x, y) != ink || ((written.getRGB(x, y) & 0xFFFFFF) == 0) != ink)
+            {
+               throw new AssertionError(label + " differs from its golden picture at dot " + x + ", " + y);
+            }
+         }
+      }
+      assertTrue(inked > 0, label);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** Every released version 1 label decodes for the stock it was rendered for.
+    ** It is exact unless it holds printer font text, and its PNG is its page.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   @ParameterizedTest(name = "{0}")
+   @MethodSource("released")
+   void aReleasedVersionOneLabelDecodes(String name) throws Exception
+   {
+      byte[] bytes = Files.readAllBytes(CORPUS.resolve("zpl").resolve(name + ".zpl"));
+      JsonNode stock = RendererJson.JSON.readTree(Files.readAllBytes(CORPUS.resolve("cases").resolve(name + ".json"))).path("stock");
+      ZplRaster page = ZplRaster.page(bytes, new GenerationPorts.Stock(stock.path("widthMicrons").intValue(), stock.path("heightMicrons").intValue(), stock.path("topMicrons").intValue(),
+         stock.path("rightMicrons").intValue(), stock.path("bottomMicrons").intValue(), stock.path("leftMicrons").intValue(), stock.path("dpi").intValue()));
+      String text = new String(bytes, StandardCharsets.US_ASCII);
+      assertEquals(!text.contains("^A0N,"), page.exact(), name);
+      BufferedImage written = picture(page.png());
+      assertEquals(page.width(), written.getWidth());
+      assertEquals(page.height(), written.getHeight());
+      int inked = 0;
+      for(int y = 0; y < page.height(); y++)
+      {
+         for(int x = 0; x < page.width(); x++)
+         {
+            inked += page.ink(x, y) ? 1 : 0;
+            assertEquals(page.ink(x, y), (written.getRGB(x, y) & 0xFFFFFF) == 0);
+         }
+      }
+      assertTrue(inked > 0, name);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** A graphic field is its bits, most significant first, row after row; a box
+    ** is a border inside its size, solid when the border meets itself; fields
+    ** that overlap combine as ink.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void graphicsAndBoxesArePaintedExactly()
+   {
+      ZplRaster page = ZplRaster.decode(label("^FO8,2^GFA,4,4,2,A0018001^FS\n^FO20,10^GB6,5,1^FS\n^FO40,10^GB6,5,3^FS\n^FO9,2^GB1,2,1^FS\n"));
+      assertTrue(page.exact());
+      assertEquals(203, page.width());
+      assertEquals(102, page.height());
+      Map<Integer, List<Integer>> expected = Map.of(2, List.of(8, 9, 10, 23), 3, List.of(8, 9, 23));
+      for(int y = 0; y < 9; y++)
+      {
+         for(int x = 0; x < 32; x++)
+         {
+            assertEquals(expected.getOrDefault(y, List.of()).contains(x), page.ink(x, y), x + ", " + y);
+         }
+      }
+      for(int y = 9; y < 16; y++)
+      {
+         for(int x = 19; x < 47; x++)
+         {
+            boolean outline = x >= 20 && x < 26 && y >= 10 && y < 15 && (x == 20 || x == 25 || y == 10 || y == 14);
+            boolean solid = x >= 40 && x < 46 && y >= 10 && y < 15;
+            assertEquals(outline || solid, page.ink(x, y), x + ", " + y);
+         }
+      }
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** Printer font text cannot be drawn on the host. Its area (one cell for each
+    ** character, counted as characters and not as bytes) is outlined and
+    ** hatched, and the page says it is not exact.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void printerFontTextIsAHatchedPlaceholderAndThePageIsNotExact()
+   {
+      ZplRaster page = ZplRaster.decode(label("^FO10,20^A0N,12,7^FH_^FD_41_C3_A9_E2_82_AC^FS\n"));
+      assertFalse(page.exact());
+      for(int y = 18; y < 34; y++)
+      {
+         for(int x = 8; x < 34; x++)
+         {
+            int column = x - 10;
+            int row = y - 20;
+            boolean inside = column >= 0 && column < 21 && row >= 0 && row < 12;
+            assertEquals(inside && (column == 0 || row == 0 || column == 20 || row == 11 || (column + row) % 6 == 0), page.ink(x, y), x + ", " + y);
+         }
+      }
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** Strips whose lengths, digits or places are wrong, and anything that is not
+    ** the next byte of the grammar, are refused: nothing is skipped or guessed.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void malformedStripsAreRefused()
+   {
+      String strip = "^FO8,2^GFA,4,4,2,A0018001^FS\n";
+      assertEquals(4, ZplRaster.decode(label(strip)).width() - 199);
+      for(Map.Entry<String, String> malformed : Map.ofEntries(
+         Map.entry(strip.replace("A0018001", "A00180"), "RASTER_HEX"), Map.entry(strip.replace("A0018001", "A001800100"), "RASTER_GRAMMAR"),
+         Map.entry(strip.replace("A0018001", "a0018001"), "RASTER_HEX"), Map.entry(strip.replace("A0018001", "A001800G"), "RASTER_HEX"),
+         Map.entry(strip.replace("A0018001", "A001800"), "RASTER_HEX"), Map.entry(strip.replace(",4,4,2,", ",4,5,2,"), "RASTER_FIELD"),
+         Map.entry(strip.replace(",4,4,2,", ",3,3,2,"), "RASTER_FIELD"), Map.entry(strip.replace(",4,4,2,", ",0,0,1,"), "RASTER_FIELD"),
+         Map.entry(strip.replace(",4,4,2,", ",4,4,0,"), "RASTER_FIELD"), Map.entry(strip.replace(",4,4,2,", ",100000,100000,2,"), "RASTER_FIELD"),
+         Map.entry("^FO0,0^GFA,1251,1251,1251," + "00".repeat(1251) + "^FS\n", "RASTER_FIELD"), Map.entry(strip.replace("^FO8,2", "^FO8,101"), "RASTER_FIELD"),
+         Map.entry(strip.replace("^FO8,2", "^FO203,2"), "RASTER_FIELD"), Map.entry(strip.replace("^FO8,2", "^FO196,2"), "RASTER_FIELD"),
+         Map.entry(strip.replace("^FO8,2", "^FO999999,2"), "RASTER_FIELD"), Map.entry(strip.replace("^FO8,2", "^FO08,2"), "RASTER_NUMBER"),
+         Map.entry(strip.replace("^FO8,2", "^FO1000000,2"), "RASTER_NUMBER"), Map.entry(strip.replace("^FO8,2", "^FO,2"), "RASTER_NUMBER"),
+         Map.entry(strip.replace("^FO8,2", "^FO-8,2"), "RASTER_NUMBER"), Map.entry(strip.replace("^FS\n", "^FS"), "RASTER_GRAMMAR"),
+         Map.entry(strip.replace("^GFA", "^GFB"), "RASTER_GRAMMAR"), Map.entry(strip.replace("^GFA,4,4,2,A0018001", "^XGR:LOGO.GRF,1,1"), "RASTER_GRAMMAR"),
+         Map.entry(strip + "~JR", "RASTER_GRAMMAR"), Map.entry("^FO20,10^GB6,5,6^FS\n", "RASTER_FIELD"), Map.entry("^FO20,10^GB6,5,0^FS\n", "RASTER_FIELD"),
+         Map.entry("^FO200,10^GB6,5,1^FS\n", "RASTER_FIELD"), Map.entry("^FO20,100^GB6,5,1^FS\n", "RASTER_FIELD"), Map.entry("^FO20,10^GB0,5,1^FS\n", "RASTER_FIELD"),
+         Map.entry("^FO20,10^GB6,5^FS\n", "RASTER_GRAMMAR"), Map.entry("^FO10,20^A0N,12,7^FH_^FD^FS\n", "RASTER_FIELD"), Map.entry("^FO10,20^A0N,12,7^FH_^FD_4^FS\n", "RASTER_HEX"),
+         Map.entry("^FO10,20^A0N,12,70^FH_^FD_41_42_43^FS\n", "RASTER_FIELD"), Map.entry("^FO10,95^A0N,12,7^FH_^FD_41^FS\n", "RASTER_FIELD"),
+         Map.entry("^FO10,20^A0N,12,7^FDplain^FS\n", "RASTER_GRAMMAR"), Map.entry("^FO10,20^A0R,12,7^FH_^FD_41^FS\n", "RASTER_GRAMMAR")).entrySet())
+      {
+         assertEquals(malformed.getValue(), refusal(HEADER + malformed.getKey() + "^XZ\n"), malformed.getKey());
+      }
+      String valid = HEADER + strip + "^XZ\n";
+      for(Map.Entry<String, String> malformed : Map.of(valid + valid, "RASTER_GRAMMAR", valid + " ", "RASTER_GRAMMAR", valid.replace("^XZ\n", "^XZ"), "RASTER_GRAMMAR", "", "RASTER_GRAMMAR",
+         valid.replace("^XA", "^XA^MMT"), "RASTER_GRAMMAR", valid.replace("^LH0,0", "^LH1,0"), "RASTER_GRAMMAR", valid.replace("^PW203", "^PW"), "RASTER_NUMBER",
+         valid.substring(0, 48), "RASTER_HEX", valid.substring(0, 10), "RASTER_GRAMMAR").entrySet())
+      {
+         assertEquals(malformed.getValue(), refusal(malformed.getKey()), malformed.getKey());
+      }
+      assertEquals("RASTER_GRAMMAR", assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> ZplRaster.decode(null)).getMessage());
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** A preview draws at most sixteen million dots, and only a page a printer
+    ** can address.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void aPageTooLargeToDrawIsRefused()
+   {
+      assertEquals(4000, ZplRaster.decode("^XA^PW4000^LL4000^LH0,0^CI28\n^XZ\n".getBytes(StandardCharsets.US_ASCII)).height());
+      assertEquals("PREVIEW_TOO_LARGE", refusal("^XA^PW4000^LL4001^LH0,0^CI28\n^XZ\n"));
+      assertEquals("PREVIEW_TOO_LARGE", refusal("^XA^PW9999^LL32000^LH0,0^CI28\n^XZ\n"));
+      for(String page : List.of("^XA^PW0^LL100^LH0,0^CI28\n^XZ\n", "^XA^PW100^LL0^LH0,0^CI28\n^XZ\n", "^XA^PW10000^LL1^LH0,0^CI28\n^XZ\n", "^XA^PW1^LL32001^LH0,0^CI28\n^XZ\n"))
+      {
+         assertEquals("RASTER_PAGE", refusal(page), page);
+      }
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** Only bytes the output policy accepts are drawn: the policy runs first, and
+    ** a label it refuses is refused with the policy's own name.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void onlyALabelTheOutputPolicyAcceptsIsDrawn() throws Exception
+   {
+      byte[] accepted = label("^FO8,2^GFA,4,4,2,A0018001^FS\n");
+      assertTrue(ZplRaster.page(accepted, STOCK).ink(8, 2));
+      GenerationPorts.Stock other = new GenerationPorts.Stock(25400, 12700, 0, 0, 0, 0, 300);
+      assertEquals("ZPL_STOCK_MISMATCH", assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> ZplRaster.page(accepted, other)).getMessage());
+      ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+      // whole white bytes past the page edge draw nothing, but the policy does not allow them //
+      ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+      byte[] padded = label("^FO196,2^GFA,2,2,2,8000^FS\n");
+      assertTrue(ZplRaster.decode(padded).ink(196, 2));
+      assertEquals("ZPL_GRAPHIC_OUTSIDE_STOCK", assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> ZplRaster.page(padded, STOCK)).getMessage());
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** The page of a refused scene shows only where its refused elements are:
+    ** each diagnostic box, moved from the printable area to the page, cut to the
+    ** page and hatched. It is never exact, and a box off the page draws nothing.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void theRefusedPageIsDrawnFromBoxesAlone()
+   {
+      ZplRaster page = ZplRaster.refused(60, 40, 10, 5, List.of(List.of(0, 0, 13, 7), List.of(45, 30, 20, 20), List.of(-20, -20, 22, 23), List.of(100, 0, 5, 5), List.of(0, -50, 5, 5),
+         List.of(20, 20, 0, 4)));
+      assertFalse(page.exact());
+      for(int y = 0; y < 40; y++)
+      {
+         for(int x = 0; x < 60; x++)
+         {
+            boolean first = hatched(x - 10, y - 5, 13, 7);
+            boolean cut = hatched(x - 55, y - 35, 5, 5);
+            boolean corner = hatched(x, y, 12, 8);
+            assertEquals(first || cut || corner, page.ink(x, y), x + ", " + y);
+         }
+      }
+      assertEquals("PREVIEW_TOO_LARGE", assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> ZplRaster.refused(4000, 4001, 0, 0, List.of())).getMessage());
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** Whether a dot is ink in a hatched area of this size whose corner is the
+    ** origin of `column` and `row`.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   private static boolean hatched(int column, int row, int width, int height)
+   {
+      return (column >= 0 && column < width && row >= 0 && row < height && (column == 0 || row == 0 || column == width - 1 || row == height - 1 || (column + row) % 6 == 0));
+   }
+}

docs/EXPECTED-PRINT-INTENT.md

@@ -102,6 +102,37 @@ test uses an explicitly capable fixture; the actual legacy Printing bridge is
 separately tested to refuse selected media. No real-owner selected-media support,
 new renderer image, device observation or physical output is claimed by this gate.
 
+## Render target: 2026-11-12
+
+`DocumentGenerationService.Request` gains a trailing `Integer targetDpi`: the resolution a label is rendered at.
+It is absent (the stock's own resolution, as before) or 203, 300 or 600; any other value throws
+`IllegalArgumentException("A render target is 203, 300 or 600 dpi.")` when the request is built. Every earlier
+constructor stays and means no target. `GenerationPorts.RenderRequest.targetDpi` carries it to the renderer.
+
+- **Persistence.** One nullable `target_dpi` column on `document_generation_request`. A host applies exactly
+  one statement before adopting this version, from the shipped script for its database:
+  `20261112-render-target-dpi-h2.sql`, `20261112-render-target-dpi-mysql.sql` or
+  `20261112-render-target-dpi-postgres.sql`
+  (`ALTER TABLE document_generation_request ADD COLUMN target_dpi INTEGER NULL`). Earlier rows stay null and
+  read as no target. Nothing else in the schema changes; the bootstrap scripts of `DocumentGenerationSchema`
+  include the column for a new database.
+- **Idempotent retry and lookup.** The stored target is compared with the request's in the same check as
+  destination, media and copies, so the same request key with another target, or with none, is refused as a
+  different generation intent, for `generate` and `lookupAcceptedPrint`.
+- **Digest.** A request with no target (including every earlier row) keeps the exact earlier intent digest; a
+  stated target adds a framed `target-dpi/v1` domain after `copies/v1`, also when it equals the stock's
+  resolution.
+- **Refusals before any row, render or submit.** A target for a PDF is refused ("A render target applies to
+  ZPL output only."). A target is refused with `RENDER_TARGET_UNSUPPORTED` unless the configured renderer
+  declares `IsolatedRenderer.supportsRenderTarget()`, which defaults to false: an adapter that does not read
+  the field would print at another resolution than was asked for. The renderer bridge declares it.
+- **Refusals by the renderer.** The bridge refuses a version 1 scene asked for another resolution than its
+  stock's as `TARGET_REQUIRES_SCENE_2`, and a version 2 scene on an old image as `RENDERER_TOO_OLD`. Both are
+  typed: the request is `INCOMPLETE` with that `errorCode` and a retry throws it again without rendering.
+- **Not changed.** Reprints reuse retained bytes and carry no target. Queued and batch generation render at the
+  stock's resolution. The draft preview that retains its output (`preview(Request, fingerprint)`) refuses a
+  target. The request status process shows the stored `targetDpi`, and the generate process form offers it.
+
 ## Copies per print: source candidate, 2026-11-02
 
 An owner-handoff source candidate, not a deployed or public API release. Nothing here

docs/design/LABEL-LAYOUT-FONTS-PREVIEW.md

@@ -161,6 +161,26 @@ accepted. Lengths convert to integer micrometres first (the unit the stock alrea
 - Later round: `design.stock: "atLeast"` lets one design print on a larger stock, with anchors and percentages
   resolving against the actual printable area. The first round supports `exact` only.
 
+**Decided while building the render target (P7).**
+
+- **Nobody asked for 300 dpi silently gets another resolution.** Three places hold that, each before the next
+  could let it slip. Generation refuses a target for a PDF and refuses any target when the configured renderer
+  does not declare `IsolatedRenderer.supportsRenderTarget()` (a new default method that answers false, so a host
+  adapter written before the target existed cannot be handed one and ignore it); both refusals come before a
+  request row exists. The renderer bridge refuses a version 1 scene (or a source it cannot read as version 2)
+  asked for another resolution than its stock's as `TARGET_REQUIRES_SCENE_2` before any worker is contacted,
+  because renderer 0.1.0 does not read the field at all; the host reads only the scene's `schema` for this. And
+  the label that comes back is held by the output policy to the page at the target, so a worker that rendered
+  at another resolution is refused.
+- **A version 1 scene may be asked for its own stock's resolution.** That is what it prints at, so the target
+  is not sent and nothing changes on the wire.
+- **The digest frames a target whenever one is stated**, also when it equals the stock's resolution. A request
+  with no target has exactly the digest it had before (`target-dpi/v1` is added after `copies/v1`), so stored
+  digests and retries of earlier rows are unchanged. The same request key with another target, or with none, is
+  another intent and is refused.
+- **Batches and the queue have no target.** They render at the stock's resolution, as reprints reuse retained
+  bytes. The option is on the single generate request and its process form.
+
 ### 2.4 Anchors and alignment
 
 Two separate ideas, both available on every element.
@@ -326,6 +346,89 @@ Legibility on thermal heads:
 - Guidance for the authoring guide: at 203 dpi use a bold face below 10 pt, keep text at or above 6 pt, prefer the
   condensed bold over shrinking.
 
+**Decided while building text (P2).** The code is `scene2/text`; the renderer README states the rules for authors.
+
+- **The set as shipped.** `qqq-sans` and `qqq-sans-bold` are IBM Plex Sans Regular and Bold (release
+  `@ibm/plex-sans@1.1.0`), `qqq-condensed-bold` is IBM Plex Sans Condensed Bold (`@ibm/plex-sans-condensed@2.0.0`),
+  `qqq-mono` and `qqq-mono-bold` are JetBrains Mono Regular and Bold (`v2.304`). Every licence was confirmed as SIL
+  OFL 1.1 from the release archive's own licence file. A scene names a face with `font`; the name carries family
+  and weight, and there is no separate weight or style property (the set has no italic). Only bundled faces are
+  drawn: a supplied `font/ttf` asset named by a version 2 text is `FONT_UNKNOWN` until the asset package (P8).
+- **One glyph for each character, left to right.** No kerning, ligatures, mark placement or bidirectional
+  reordering, which is what version 1 raster text does too and what an identifier wants (JetBrains Mono would
+  otherwise join `->` and `!=`). A character that cannot be drawn that way (a control or format character, a
+  combining mark, a script that needs shaping, anything outside the Basic Multilingual Plane, or a character the
+  face lacks) is `FONT_MISSING_GLYPH` with the count; the value prints whole or not at all.
+- **Measurement is integer arithmetic.** The faces have 1000 units to the em. Advances and outline boxes are
+  read once at a reference size and scaled as `units x millipoints x dpi / 72 000 000`, so the same value is the
+  same width on every machine. Each character sits at a whole-dot pen position. A line's box is its advance,
+  widened to the ink of its characters plus two dots on each inked side: the rasteriser fits an outline to the
+  dot grid within 1.4 dots of its exact scale (measured over every character of the five faces, from 1 pt to
+  1000 pt at the three resolutions). A text whose ink would leave the measured box is neither clipped nor printed
+  outside it nor printed in part: its dots are gathered first and reach the label only when none strayed, and
+  otherwise the one element is refused as `TEXT_DOES_NOT_FIT` with `glyphsOutsideMeasure` and
+  `dotsOutsideMeasure`. A literal is held to the glyph bounds when the scene is validated.
+- **The size is found without trying every size.** The answer is defined as the one a search of every
+  quarter-point step from the size down to the floor gives, and a property test holds the implementation to that
+  search exactly. The implementation first asks, by halving, for the largest step at which the text could fit at
+  all: a count that fills lines at any character with a width no real line can be under, so it never refuses a
+  size that fits and, once it allows a size, allows every smaller one. Only the few steps from there are laid
+  out. When one line at the floor is higher than the box nothing is searched. The case of 1024 characters from
+  1000 pt to 1 pt, which took about 200 ms a fit, takes under 1 ms.
+- **The work of a scene's text is bounded.** Every character visited while fitting is one step, every character
+  to be drawn 16, and every glyph a scene draws for the first time at a size 4096 (the runtime rasterises it
+  once). One scene may take 64 million steps, about a second of a worker; the element that passes it, and every
+  text after it, is `SCENE_INVALID` at the element with `textWorkSteps`. The count is integer arithmetic, so the
+  refusal is the same on every machine and the same whether the scene is validated or rendered. A text is
+  fitted once: what the check composed is what is painted.
+- **Wrapping.** At each size a line is broken between words while the text then fits, and at any character when
+  it does not. So a larger size is preferred to whole words, a value with no space wraps (the example's GS1 line
+  has none), and a length is provable: n characters need no more lines than n of the widest.
+- **Truncation.** At the floor size, as many lines as the box holds; the last ends with the ellipsis after as
+  many of its characters as fit with it, down to the ellipsis alone. A cut text is also reported as shrunk.
+- **The proof of `maxLength`** lays out that many copies of a worst character: the face's greatest advance,
+  reaching as far left, right, above and below as the furthest-reaching character of the face (in IBM Plex Sans
+  Bold the per mille sign is 1.382 em wide, the fraction slash reaches 0.245 em past its advance on each side, and
+  a capital A with ring and acute rises to 1.15 em against an ascent of 1.025). It is therefore sound for any
+  value, and stricter than a typical value needs. The example scene of section 2.1 does not pass it: two lines at
+  the 7 pt floor need 59 dots at 203 dpi (53 from rounding the ascent, the line pitch and the descent up to whole
+  dots, 6 for the accent and the descender) and the 6.5 mm caption box has 51. A box of exactly `lines x line
+  height` is not proven; 7.5 mm is. The proof is for the render target of the request, so a host that prints
+  one revision at several resolutions validates at each (P5 or P6b). The proof never cuts: a cut value is not a
+  value that fits. An element with `overflow: truncate` whose `maxLength` is not proven stays valid, because
+  cutting is what its author chose, and carries the warning `FIT_NOT_PROVEN` at every validation with
+  `provenCharacters`, the longest length proven to fit whole, against the `characters` stated.
+- **Validation reads no record.** A bound value is laid out only when rendering; `FIT_NOT_PROVEN` is raised for
+  a bound element without `maxLength` in both operations. When a bound element is validated, legibility is
+  judged at the size its `maxLength` is proven at, which is the smallest any value is printed at (the floor when
+  the proof fails and the element cuts), and at the stated size when it has no `maxLength`; when it is rendered,
+  at the size chosen.
+- **A bound number** is printed in plain decimal digits: no exponent and no fraction that is only zeros
+  (`1.0E10` prints `10000000000`, `2.50` prints `2.5`, `12.0` prints `12`). A number that is not finite is
+  `VALUE_MISSING`.
+- **Bounds.** A size from 1 pt to 1000 pt, `shrinkTo` from 1 pt up to the size, `lineHeight` from 0.5 to 5 with
+  three decimals, 64 lines, 1024 characters.
+- **The members of `fit` are schema properties.** The published schema declares `maxLines`, `shrinkTo` and
+  `overflow` under `fit` with `additionalProperties: false`, so a host can check them by machine, and a member
+  that is wrong is reported at the member (`/elements/1/fit/maxLines`, or in the override that states `fit`).
+  The three names are in the host's list (`SceneFacts.VOCABULARY`, held to the schema by a test in the bridge)
+  and in the renderer's (`ElementFactory.VOCABULARY`). A member `fit` does not have is reported at `fit`,
+  because its name is not one the schema declares.
+- **Rotation and reverse.** A text turned a quarter is fitted along the box's height, and `align` and `valign`
+  follow the direction of reading. Reverse text fills its own box black and clears the letters; it counts twice
+  against the painted-area cap.
+- **`RESERVED_FONT_NAME`** is raised by a text element (with the count of supplied assets under `qqq-`), not for
+  the scene as a whole: a scene with no text has no face to shadow.
+- **Determinism (section 10.2).** No tolerance was needed. The goldens are generated in the CI image (Linux,
+  Temurin 21.0.9) and are the same bytes on Windows (Temurin 21.0.12), at 203, 300 and 600 dpi, for the glyph
+  bitmaps (up to 100 dots to the em) and for the outline path above that; they are compared exactly on both.
+  Glyph bitmaps come from the FreeType each JDK ships; the versions are recorded beside the goldens
+  (`renderer/src/test/resources/scene2/README.md`).
+  One case depends on more than the scene: a line whose strip is over 8 million dots (type of several hundred
+  points) is drawn in bands of rows, and the rasteriser may shade a few edge dots at a band's border differently
+  than in one piece (fewer than 1 in 10 000 ink dots). Where the bands fall is a function of the line's box, so
+  the result is still the same on every machine.
+
 ## 4. Barcodes
 
 ### 4.1 Symbologies
@@ -451,9 +554,35 @@ the preview cannot differ from the print for a version 2 scene.
   each `^A0N` field is shown as a hatched placeholder of its estimated size, the result carries `exact: false` and
   the warning `PRINTER_FONT_NOT_SHOWN`. A version 1 scene previews only at its stock's dpi.
 - **Refusals in preview.** The request asks the renderer to collect diagnostics instead of stopping at the first
-  failure. Elements that failed are left out of the bitmap and reported with their boxes, and the result says
-  `printable: false`. When there is no error, the ZPL is byte for byte what printing produces; a test asserts the
-  hashes are equal.
+  failure. Elements that failed are reported with their boxes, and the result says `printable: false`. When
+  there is no error, the ZPL is byte for byte what printing produces; a test asserts the hashes are equal.
+
+**Decided while building the bridge (P5).**
+
+- **A refused scene is drawn on the host from the diagnostics' boxes, and from nothing else.** The worker's
+  refused answer carries no label (section 8.1), and it stays that way: the wire gains no field for the partial
+  canvas. The preview of a refused scene is a page of the stock's size on which each error diagnostic's box is
+  outlined and hatched at its place (the box is in dots from the printable area's corner, which the host places
+  by the rule of section 2.3), cut to the page. Elements that had no error are not shown. The other option, a
+  separately named field holding the partial canvas, would have shown them, but it puts a printable label with
+  elements missing on the host, one careless reader away from a printer; and it would make the host draw bytes
+  that the output policy never accepted as the label. With boxes alone there are no such bytes anywhere outside
+  the worker, so no host can print a partial label, whatever it does. The cost is a plainer picture for a
+  layout that cannot print, beside diagnostics that already name each element, its box and its numbers.
+- **What a refused preview holds.** `printable` and `exact` are false, `outputBytes` is zero and `outputSha256`
+  is the hash of no bytes. There is one page when at least one error has a box and none otherwise (a refusal
+  about the scene as a whole has nothing to draw, and an empty page would look like an empty label).
+- **A refusal is a result, not an exception.** Whatever the print path refuses by name comes back from
+  `preview` as the diagnostic: a collected `REFUSED` answer, an error answer with its `detail`, a fit refusal of
+  a version 1 scene, `TARGET_REQUIRES_SCENE_2`, `RENDERER_TOO_OLD` and `PREVIEW_TOO_LARGE` (decided from the
+  stock and the target before any worker is contacted). An opaque failure stays the generic exception.
+- **`ZplRaster` is its own strict reader.** It is handed bytes the policy accepted (its entry point runs the
+  policy itself), and still refuses by name anything that is not the next byte of that grammar. It paints
+  `^GFA` and `^GB` exactly and hatches the estimated area of each `^A0N` field, as above.
+- **Page (PDF) previews are not in this package**; `preview` refuses a PDF by name until P11.
+- **Nothing of a preview is kept by the bridge**: no file, no row, no log line. The production Docker transport
+  journals every worker run it starts (container and request identity only, never source or context); a
+  preview's run is journalled like a validation's.
 
 ### 6.2 Data for a preview
 
@@ -612,6 +741,7 @@ Version 1 scenes keep their existing codes and the opaque `RENDER_FAILED`.
   of section B.1 and the source of the picture in section 6.1 ("Refusals in preview"): the partial canvas exists
   in the worker (`Scene2.compose`) but does not travel as a label. P5 decides how a refused preview is drawn:
   from the diagnostics' boxes alone, or from a separately named field that the print path never reads.
+  (Decided in P5: from the boxes alone; section 6.1.)
 - **A length too long for any stock** is `SCENE_INVALID` at its pointer however long it is. The limit of 2 m is
   compared before the micrometres are narrowed to an `int`, so `84600in` (which does not fit one) is refused like
   `79in` and never as an arithmetic failure, which the worker would answer as the opaque `RENDER_FAILED`.
@@ -623,6 +753,21 @@ Version 1 scenes keep their existing codes and the opaque `RENDER_FAILED`.
   so no layered design is refused, and the worst scene falls from 1000 fills of a 64 million dot canvas (8 GB of
   byte writes, seconds of CPU) to sixteen (128 MB).
 
+**Decided while building the bridge (P5).**
+
+- **The host believes a diagnostic only when it is of the scene the host sent.** The worker's answer is
+  untrusted, so the bridge checks every field again: the code and severity against the closed vocabulary, the
+  numbers as whole integers within bounds, the element against the ids that scene declares, and each segment of
+  the pointer against array indexes, the property names of the version 2 schema and those ids. For this the
+  host reads two facts from the source it is about to send and nothing more: its `schema`, and the `id` of
+  each element and child. It lays out and validates nothing. A source the host cannot read is not version 2
+  to the host and declares nothing, so any disagreement with the worker fails closed.
+- **An answer is bounded.** Beside its label an answer may hold 2048 diagnostics in one megabyte, and its frame
+  never passes the frame of the largest document the deployment admits, which is what the transport was sized
+  for. A scene that produces more than that is rejected rather than read.
+- **A refused answer that carries any part of a label is rejected**, as is a refused answer to a job that did
+  not ask for collected diagnostics (the print path never does) and an accepted answer that holds an error.
+
 ### 8.2 A document that is not offered for a printer
 
 Whether a document can print on a printer has three owners, and the message is assembled from them:
@@ -765,6 +910,24 @@ change:
 - Renderer `0.2.0` is not accepted by bridges before `1.4`.
 - Therefore: upgrade the host library first, then the image. Never the reverse.
 
+**Decided while building the bridge (P5).** The rule is one table in the code (`RendererVersion`):
+
+| Renderer | Answers | Refusals it may name | Version 2 scene, render target, preview |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| `0.1.0` | the released fields only | the 13 released codes | refused: `RENDERER_TOO_OLD` |
+| `0.2.0` | the same, with `diagnostics` (and `detail` on an error) | those and the 15 scene codes | rendered |
+| any other | rejected | | |
+
+- **A job is framed as renderer 0.1.0 reads it unless it needs more**, so version 1 printing is byte for byte
+  the same request against either image.
+- **The bridge asks before it sends.** No configuration tells the bridge which image answers, so before a job
+  that only 0.2.0 can do it validates a fixed, empty version 1 scene on a fixed stock, which every released
+  renderer answers with its version. An old image is therefore refused with `RENDERER_TOO_OLD` and receives
+  nothing of the version 2 scene or the record. After a verified answer of 0.2.0 the question is not repeated;
+  an answer from 0.1.0 to such a job is refused whatever it says, and the next job asks again.
+- **Each set of refusals is written out**, not taken as a range of the enum, so a code added later belongs to
+  no renderer until someone decides which.
+
 ### 11.4 What Forge pins, adds and deletes
 
 Pins and additions (first slice):
@@ -861,7 +1024,8 @@ agent work including review.
 - `RENDER` and `VALIDATE` accept optional `"targetDpi"` and `"diagnostics": "COLLECT"`.
 - A successful answer adds `"diagnostics": [ ... ]` (section 8.1). With `COLLECT` and at least one error, the
   outcome is `"REFUSED"`, with `diagnostics` and no output (decided in the review of P1, section 8.1: a refused
-  answer carries no label bytes).
+  answer carries no label bytes). Decided in P5 (section 6.1): the wire gains no field for the partial canvas;
+  the host draws a refused preview from the diagnostics' boxes.
 - An error answer adds `"detail": { ... }`, one diagnostic.
 - New operations, each routed by `RendererMain` to one class: `INSPECT_ASSET` (`AssetInspector`), `UPGRADE_SCENE`
   (`scene2.upgrade.SceneUpgrade`). P1 creates both as classes that refuse with `UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION`.
@@ -877,7 +1041,8 @@ agent work including review.
 
 **Foundation ports (owned by P6a).** `GenerationPorts.Diagnostic`, `PreviewRequest`, `PreviewPage`, `Preview`, the
 new `FailureCode` values, `RenderException(FailureCode, Diagnostic)`, `IsolatedRenderer.preview` as a refusing
-default, `Integer targetDpi` on `RenderRequest`. P6a also adds the registration calls for
+default, `Integer targetDpi` on `RenderRequest`. P7 adds `IsolatedRenderer.supportsRenderTarget()`, false by
+default (section 2.3). P6a also adds the registration calls for
 `GenerationPreviewProcesses`, `GenerationAssetProcesses`, `GenerationUpgradeProcesses` and `GenerationAssetTables`
 in the producer, and the call to `GenerationPreviewWidget.section(table)` in `GenerationTables`, each an empty
 class or no-op, so later packages fill only their own file.

docs/security/fuzzing.md

@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@ and the isolated renderer is treated as compromisable, so its output is untruste
 | Version 1 scene parser, `ZplRenderer.validate` | `renderer` | A `qqq-zpl-scene/1` source | `MutationCampaignTest.theVersionOneSceneParserAcceptsOnlyVersionOneScenes` |
 | Version 2 scene parser, canvas and emitter behind the worker's routing, `RendererMain.process` with `VALIDATE` and, for about one input in four, `RENDER` | `renderer` | A `qqq-zpl-scene/2` source | `MutationCampaignTest.theVersionTwoSceneParserAcceptsOnlyVersionTwoScenes` |
 | Host printer gate, `ZplOutputPolicy.validate` | `bridges/renderer` | ZPL bytes returned by the worker | `MutationCampaignTest.theHostPrinterGateAcceptsOnlyTheRendererCommandSet` |
+| Page decoder for previews, `ZplRaster.decode` | `bridges/renderer` | ZPL bytes returned by the worker | `MutationCampaignTest.thePageDecoderDrawsExactlyWhatThePrinterGateAccepts` |
+| Answer reader, `WorkerAnswer.read` and `settle` | `bridges/renderer` | The worker's answer frame, with its diagnostics | `MutationCampaignTest.theAnswerReaderBelievesOnlyDiagnosticsOfTheSceneThatWasSent` |
 
 The harness is `MutationCampaign`, one copy in each module's test tree (the modules share no test code). It
 mutates valid inputs from the version 1 compatibility corpus (`renderer/src/test/resources/compat-v1`) and the
@@ -26,22 +28,44 @@ crashes:
 - **Version 2 scene parser.** The target is the worker's own routing, so a mutated source may also become a
   version 1 scene, which is then held to the version 1 property. An accepted version 2 scene, read by the
   second parser, has only the declared top-level properties, a physical design size, at most 1000 elements
-  with unique ids of the fixed pattern, only `box` and `group` elements with only their declared properties
-  (the other types are refused until their packages exist), groups at most four deep, every length a number
-  and a unit, and overrides only for the three resolutions and for declared ids. About one version 2 input in
+  with unique ids of the fixed pattern, only `box`, `group` and `text` elements with only their declared
+  properties (barcodes and images are refused until their packages exist), groups at most four deep, every
+  length a number and a unit, and overrides only for the three resolutions and for declared ids. A `text`
+  element is read as it stands at each resolution (the defaults, then the element, then the overrides for that
+  resolution): it names a bundled face, has a physical size from 1 to 1000 pt, exactly one of a literal value
+  and a pointer into the record, and only fit, length, threshold, rotation, reverse and line height settings of
+  the documented kinds and ranges. The corpus holds the three text cases (`text-faces`, `text-fit`,
+  `text-turned`) beside the layout cases, and the spliced tokens include the text properties, a combining
+  mark, a tab, half of a surrogate pair, a size of `1000pt` and the number `1e400`. About one version 2 input in
   four, chosen by its bytes so that a replay does the same, is rendered instead of validated: the label is read
   back into a page, must be only the header, uncompressed graphic fields and the end of a label, must put no ink
   outside the printable area, and validation of the same input must give the same answer (accepted with the same
-  findings, or refused with the same diagnostic). A refusal is the scene's own `Refusal`, the exception that
+  findings, or refused with the same diagnostic). The one difference allowed is `VALUE_MISSING`: a text bound to
+  the record has no value in the campaign's empty record, and validation reads no record. A refusal is the scene's own `Refusal`, the exception that
   carries a diagnostic, and nothing else: the routing turns unreadable JSON and an unknown schema into one. A
   plain `IllegalArgumentException` is a finding, because the package raises those for its own broken invariants
-  (`CANVAS_BOUNDS`, `CANVAS_LIMIT`, `LENGTH_NOT_ABSOLUTE`, `LENGTH_NOT_PHYSICAL`), which no scene may reach. The
+  (`CANVAS_BOUNDS`, `CANVAS_LIMIT`, `LENGTH_NOT_ABSOLUTE`, `LENGTH_NOT_PHYSICAL`), which no scene may reach; so is
+  the text package's `IllegalStateException` for ink outside a measured line (`TEXT_INK_OUTSIDE_MEASURE`), and
+  any arithmetic or number-format failure. The
   one exception is a source the routing sends to the frozen version 1 parser, whose own refusal is a plain
   `IllegalArgumentException`; such sources are validated only. The campaign also asserts that it rendered labels.
 - **Printer gate.** An accepted input contains only the commands the renderer may emit and no tilde command.
   A refusal is the gate's `IllegalArgumentException`, or the strict decoder's `CharacterCodingException` for
   field text that is not UTF-8. Any other failure, or a failed acceptance check, is a finding.
 
+- **Page decoder.** The same mutated labels go to the gate and to the decoder. A label the gate accepts must
+  decode, and for a label without printer font text the page must equal, dot for dot, a second drawing of its
+  graphic fields and boxes made by a regular expression and none of the decoder's code. A label the gate refuses
+  (which production never hands the decoder) must be drawn within the dot limit or refused with the decoder's
+  own `IllegalArgumentException`. Any other failure is a finding.
+- **Answer reader.** The corpus is answer frames of both accepted renderers for a version 2 scene: a label with
+  a warning, a refused answer, an error with its detail. An accepted input, read again by a plain JSON reader,
+  is an answer of renderer 0.2.0 that is a whole label with no error or a refusal with no part of a label, and
+  each of its diagnostics has only the known fields, names an element the scene declares and points only
+  through array indexes, schema property names and declared ids. A typed refusal's diagnostic is held to the
+  same rule. A rejection is the reader's `IllegalArgumentException` or the JSON reader's `IOException`; any
+  other failure is a finding.
+
 Each campaign also asserts that it reached both acceptance and refusal, so a campaign that only ever refuses
 cannot pass.
 
@@ -77,7 +101,7 @@ sent to a printer. Generated version 2 scenes are rendered in memory on a 2 x 1
 
 A new parser of untrusted input adds one test method to the `MutationCampaignTest` of its module, with a
 corpus of valid inputs, a dictionary of the format's tokens, the refusal it declares and an independent check
-of what it accepts, and adds a row to the table above. `ZplRaster` is the next target.
+of what it accepts, and adds a row to the table above.
 
 ## Review record
 
@@ -91,6 +115,8 @@ of what it accepts, and adds a row to the table above. `ZplRaster` is the next t
   rule. The defect the review found by reading (a length such as `84600in` overflowing an `int` of micrometres,
   an `ArithmeticException`) was already outside the old rule; the mutations did not reach it because they rarely
   write a five-digit length, so it is covered by named tests instead (`LengthTest`, `Scene2Test`).
+- **2026-11-12, bridge preview:** the page decoder and answer reader campaigns were added with their classes.
+  Both seeds at 20000 iterations found nothing.
 - The first run of the printer gate campaign showed the `CharacterCodingException` refusal, which the property
   had not declared. It is a refusal, not a defect; the property now names it.
 - Not yet done: a weekly long campaign and the `docs/security/assurance.json` record that K22-TEST-25 also asks

foundation/src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/documentgeneration/DocumentGenerationService.java

@@ -51,18 +51,30 @@ public class DocumentGenerationService
    /*******************************************************************************
     ** Explicit generation intent, with optional immediate queue submission. Copies
     ** is how many copies the one queued job prints (1 through 100); it only has a
-    ** meaning with a destination.
+    ** meaning with a destination. The render target is the resolution a label is
+    ** rendered at (203, 300 or 600 dpi); absent means the stock's own resolution.
     *******************************************************************************/
    public record Request(Integer templateId, GenerationPorts.Source source, GenerationPorts.Format format, String requestKey, String destination, Expected expected,
-      GenerationPorts.MediaProfile mediaProfile, Integer copies)
+      GenerationPorts.MediaProfile mediaProfile, Integer copies, Integer targetDpi)
    {
       /***************************************************************************
        ** Absent means one; anything outside 1 through 100 is refused when built,
        ** so an invalid count can never reach admission, rendering or submission.
+       ** A render target other than 203, 300 or 600 is refused the same way.
        ***************************************************************************/
       public Request
       {
          copies = GenerationPorts.PrintRequest.normalizeCopies(copies);
+         GenerationPorts.renderTarget(targetDpi);
+      }
+
+      /***************************************************************************
+       ** Existing copies callers render at the stock's own resolution.
+       ***************************************************************************/
+      public Request(Integer templateId, GenerationPorts.Source source, GenerationPorts.Format format, String requestKey, String destination, Expected expected,
+         GenerationPorts.MediaProfile mediaProfile, Integer copies)
+      {
+         this(templateId, source, format, requestKey, destination, expected, mediaProfile, copies, null);
       }
 
       /***************************************************************************
@@ -169,7 +181,8 @@ public class DocumentGenerationService
       String actor = GenerationSecurity.require("generate");
       GenerationSecurity.require("configure");
       noAmbientTransaction();
-      if(request == null || request.destination() != null || request.format() == null || request.expected() != null || request.mediaProfile() != null || request.copies() != 1)
+      if(request == null || request.destination() != null || request.format() == null || request.expected() != null || request.mediaProfile() != null || request.copies() != 1
+         || request.targetDpi() != null)
       {
          throw new QBadRequestException("Preview requires a source record and format without a print destination.");
       }
@@ -425,9 +438,11 @@ public class DocumentGenerationService
       QRecord selected = GenerationSecurity.sourceForMutation(requested.source());
       String canonicalId = selected.getValueString(QContext.getQInstance().getTable(requested.source().tableName()).getPrimaryKeyField());
       Request request = new Request(requested.templateId(), new GenerationPorts.Source(requested.source().tableName(), canonicalId),
-         requested.format(), requested.requestKey(), requested.destination(), requested.expected(), requested.mediaProfile(), requested.copies());
+         requested.format(), requested.requestKey(), requested.destination(), requested.expected(), requested.mediaProfile(), requested.copies(), requested.targetDpi());
       // Before any row, render or submission: a count the owner cannot honor is refused, not silently reduced.
       requireCopiesSupport(request);
+      // The same for a render target: a renderer that would ignore it never gets the job.
+      requireTargetSupport(request);
       Admission admission = admit(actor, request, pinned);
       if(admission.existing())
       {
@@ -462,7 +477,7 @@ public class DocumentGenerationService
          GenerationSecurity.require("generate");
          GenerationSecurity.sourceForMutation(request.source());
          GenerationPorts.Content content = config.getRenderer().render(new GenerationPorts.RenderRequest(row.getValueString("operationId"), actor,
-            request.source(), request.format(), revision, snapshot, config.getMaximumOutputBytes()));
+            request.source(), request.format(), revision, snapshot, config.getMaximumOutputBytes(), target(row)));
          if(content == null)
          {
             throw (new QException("Renderer returned no output."));
@@ -593,6 +608,7 @@ public class DocumentGenerationService
       GenerationSecurity.requireRead(request.source() == null ? null : request.source().tableName());
       requireMediaSupport(request.mediaProfile());
       requireCopiesSupport(request);
+      requireTargetSupport(request);
       QRecord row = existing(actor, request, "GENERATE");
       if(row == null)
       {
@@ -684,7 +700,9 @@ public class DocumentGenerationService
          || !Objects.equals(row.getValueString("format"), request.format().name()) || !Objects.equals(row.getValueString("destination"), request.destination())
          || !Objects.equals(row.getValueString("kind"), kind) || !Objects.equals(media(row), request.mediaProfile())
          // Rows stored before copies existed have no count; compare them as one so a legacy default-one retry still matches.
-         || !Objects.equals(copies(row), request.copies()))
+         || !Objects.equals(copies(row), request.copies())
+         // Rows stored before the render target existed have none, which is what a request without one asks for.
+         || !Objects.equals(target(row), request.targetDpi()))
       {
          throw (new QBadRequestException("Request key already belongs to a different generation intent."));
       }
@@ -719,7 +737,7 @@ public class DocumentGenerationService
          .withValue("format", request.format().name()).withValue("destination", request.destination()).withValue("state", "STARTED").withValue("kind", kind)
          .withValue("mediaProfileId", request.mediaProfile() == null ? null : request.mediaProfile().id())
          .withValue("mediaProfileRevision", request.mediaProfile() == null ? null : request.mediaProfile().revision())
-         .withValue("copies", request.copies())));
+         .withValue("copies", request.copies()).withValue("targetDpi", request.targetDpi())));
    }
 
    /*******************************************************************************
@@ -815,6 +833,11 @@ public class DocumentGenerationService
       {
          identity.addAll(List.of("copies/v1", String.valueOf(copies(row))));
       }
+      // No render target (including every earlier row) keeps the digest it always had; a stated target is part of the identity.
+      if(target(row) != null)
+      {
+         identity.addAll(List.of("target-dpi/v1", String.valueOf(target(row))));
+      }
       String digest = hash(identity.stream().map(value -> value.length() + ":" + value).collect(java.util.stream.Collectors.joining())
          .getBytes(java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
       return (new Result(row.getValueInteger("id"), row.getValueString("state"), new GenerationPorts.Receipt(row.getValueString("fileId"),
@@ -859,6 +882,45 @@ public class DocumentGenerationService
       }
    }
 
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** Rows stored before the render target existed carry none, which means the
+    ** stock's own resolution; a stored value that is not a resolution a printer
+    ** can have is corrupt and refuses rather than rendering at another one.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   private Integer target(QRecord row) throws QException
+   {
+      Integer target = row.getValueInteger("targetDpi");
+      try
+      {
+         GenerationPorts.renderTarget(target);
+      }
+      catch(IllegalArgumentException invalid)
+      {
+         throw new QException("Accepted render target is unavailable.");
+      }
+      return (target);
+   }
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** A render target is a label's resolution, and only a renderer that declares
+    ** it renders at the target may be given one; refuse before creating work.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   private void requireTargetSupport(Request request) throws QException
+   {
+      if(request.targetDpi() == null)
+      {
+         return;
+      }
+      if(request.format() != GenerationPorts.Format.ZPL)
+      {
+         throw new QBadRequestException("A render target applies to ZPL output only.");
+      }
+      if(!config.getRenderer().supportsRenderTarget())
+      {
+         throw new QBadRequestException("RENDER_TARGET_UNSUPPORTED");
+      }
+   }
+
    /***************************************************************************
     ** More than one copy needs a destination to print to and an owner that
     ** declares it prints them; refuse before creating work or any print call.

foundation/src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/documentgeneration/GenerationPorts.java

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ public final class GenerationPorts
    /***************************************************************************
     ** A render target is absent or one of the resolutions the renderer supports.
     ***************************************************************************/
-   private static void renderTarget(Integer dpi)
+   static void renderTarget(Integer dpi)
    {
       if(dpi != null && !List.of(203, 300, 600).contains(dpi))
       {
@@ -125,6 +125,16 @@ public final class GenerationPorts
       RENDERER_TOO_OLD
    }
 
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** A caller's context, held apart from the map the caller keeps: the entries
+    ** are copied (a value may be null) and the copy cannot be changed. Values are
+    ** not copied; the renderer adapter snapshots them when it frames the job.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   private static Map<String, Object> held(Map<String, Object> context)
+   {
+      return (context == null ? null : java.util.Collections.unmodifiableMap(new java.util.LinkedHashMap<>(context)));
+   }
+
    /***************************************************************************
     ** One renderer finding about a layout: a code from a closed vocabulary, the
     ** element id the template author wrote, numbers, and for a finding about the
@@ -378,6 +388,17 @@ public final class GenerationPorts
       public RenderRequest
       {
          renderTarget(targetDpi);
+         context = held(context);
+      }
+
+      /***************************************************************************
+       ** The context is record data and the revision is template source; neither
+       ** belongs in a log line, so only the job's identity is shown.
+       ***************************************************************************/
+      @Override
+      public String toString()
+      {
+         return ("RenderRequest[requestId=" + requestId + ", format=" + format + ", targetDpi=" + targetDpi + "]");
       }
 
       /***************************************************************************
@@ -407,6 +428,17 @@ public final class GenerationPorts
             throw new IllegalArgumentException("A preview needs a format, a revision and an output limit.");
          }
          renderTarget(targetDpi);
+         context = held(context);
+      }
+
+      /***************************************************************************
+       ** The context is record data and the revision is template source; neither
+       ** belongs in a log line, so only the format and the render target are shown.
+       ***************************************************************************/
+      @Override
+      public String toString()
+      {
+         return ("PreviewRequest[format=" + format + ", targetDpi=" + targetDpi + "]");
       }
    }
 
@@ -641,6 +673,18 @@ public final class GenerationPorts
          throw new QException("Renderer preview is unavailable.");
       }
 
+      /***********************************************************************
+       ** Declare that this renderer renders a version 2 scene at the request's
+       ** render target and refuses, by name, a job it cannot render there. An
+       ** adapter that does not read `RenderRequest.targetDpi` keeps the default,
+       ** and generation then refuses a render target before creating any work:
+       ** a caller who asks for 300 dpi never silently gets another resolution.
+       ***********************************************************************/
+      default boolean supportsRenderTarget()
+      {
+         return (false);
+      }
+
       /*******************************************************************************
        ** Authorize assets and validate user source outside the application JVM.
        *******************************************************************************/

foundation/src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/documentgeneration/GenerationProcesses.java

@@ -128,6 +128,10 @@ public final class GenerationProcesses
          form.withFormField(new QFieldMetaData("templateId", QFieldType.INTEGER).withLabel("Published template").withPossibleValueSourceName(GenerationTables.TEMPLATE));
          form.withFormField(new QFieldMetaData("format", QFieldType.STRING).withLabel("Output format").withPossibleValueSourceName(GenerationAuthoringProcesses.FORMAT));
       }
+      if("generate".equals(operation))
+      {
+         form.withFormField(new QFieldMetaData("targetDpi", QFieldType.INTEGER).withLabel("Render target in dpi: 203, 300 or 600 (optional, ZPL only; default is the stock's resolution)"));
+      }
       if(List.of("generate", "enqueue", "reprint").contains(operation))
       {
          form.withFormField(new QFieldMetaData("destination", QFieldType.STRING).withLabel("Print destination (optional for generation)").withMaxLength(255));
@@ -261,7 +265,7 @@ public final class GenerationProcesses
                throw new QBadRequestException("Select PDF or ZPL output.");
             }
             result = "generate".equals(operation)
-               ? service.generate(new DocumentGenerationService.Request(input.getValueInteger("templateId"), sources.getFirst(), format, input.getValueString("requestKey"), input.getValueString("destination")))
+               ? service.generate(request(input, sources.getFirst(), format))
                : new GenerationQueue(config).enqueue(input.getValueInteger("templateId"), sources, format, input.getValueString("requestKey"), input.getValueString("destination"));
          }
          else
@@ -335,6 +339,24 @@ public final class GenerationProcesses
       }
    }
 
+   /*******************************************************************************
+    ** The generate action's intent: one record, with the optional render target.
+    ** A target that is not a resolution a printer can have is refused here, as a
+    ** bad request, before the service sees it.
+    *******************************************************************************/
+   private static DocumentGenerationService.Request request(RunBackendStepInput input, GenerationPorts.Source source, GenerationPorts.Format format) throws QException
+   {
+      try
+      {
+         return (new DocumentGenerationService.Request(input.getValueInteger("templateId"), source, format, input.getValueString("requestKey"), input.getValueString("destination"),
+            null, null, 1, input.getValueInteger("targetDpi")));
+      }
+      catch(IllegalArgumentException invalid)
+      {
+         throw new QBadRequestException("A render target is 203, 300 or 600 dpi.");
+      }
+   }
+
    /*******************************************************************************
     ** Status exposes only the currently authorized request, never hidden context.
     *******************************************************************************/
@@ -344,7 +366,7 @@ public final class GenerationProcesses
       QRecord row = GenerationStore.get(GenerationTables.REQUEST, id);
       GenerationRetainedAccess.require(row, false);
       java.util.Map<String, java.io.Serializable> result = new java.util.LinkedHashMap<>();
-      for(String field : List.of("id", "state", "format", "tableName", "recordId", "revisionId", "fileId", "versionId", "sha256", "length", "available", "printJobId", "errorCode", "mediaProfileId", "mediaProfileRevision"))
+      for(String field : List.of("id", "state", "format", "tableName", "recordId", "revisionId", "fileId", "versionId", "sha256", "length", "available", "printJobId", "errorCode", "mediaProfileId", "mediaProfileRevision", "targetDpi"))
       {
          result.put(field, row.getValue(field));
       }

foundation/src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/documentgeneration/GenerationTables.java

@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ public final class GenerationTables
          .withField(string("actorId", 255)).withField(string("tableName", 128)).withField(string("recordId", 255))
          .withField(integer("templateId")).withField(integer("revisionId")).withField(string("format", 16))
          .withField(string("destination", 255)).withField(string("state", 32)).withField(string("fileId", 255))
-         .withField(string("mediaProfileId", 128)).withField(string("mediaProfileRevision", 64)).withField(integer("copies"))
+         .withField(string("mediaProfileId", 128)).withField(string("mediaProfileRevision", 64)).withField(integer("copies")).withField(integer("targetDpi"))
          .withField(string("versionId", 255)).withField(string("sha256", 64)).withField(new QFieldMetaData("length", QFieldType.LONG))
          .withField(string("printJobId", 255)).withField(string("errorCode", 64)).withField(string("resolvedFileName", 184))
          .withUniqueKey(new UniqueKey("actorId", "requestKey"))

foundation/src/main/resources/db/migrations/20261112-render-target-dpi-h2.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+-- Copyright (c) 2026 Kingsrook, LLC. SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+-- Apply once before adopting render-target-aware Generation metadata.
+-- Existing requests keep a null target, which is read as the stock's own resolution: their identity digests and retries are unchanged.
+ALTER TABLE document_generation_request ADD COLUMN target_dpi INTEGER NULL;

foundation/src/main/resources/db/migrations/20261112-render-target-dpi-mysql.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+-- Copyright (c) 2026 Kingsrook, LLC. SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+-- Apply once before adopting render-target-aware Generation metadata.
+-- Existing requests keep a null target, which is read as the stock's own resolution: their identity digests and retries are unchanged.
+ALTER TABLE document_generation_request ADD COLUMN target_dpi INT NULL;

foundation/src/main/resources/db/migrations/20261112-render-target-dpi-postgres.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+-- Copyright (c) 2026 Kingsrook, LLC. SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+-- Apply once before adopting render-target-aware Generation metadata.
+-- Existing requests keep a null target, which is read as the stock's own resolution: their identity digests and retries are unchanged.
+-- PostgreSQL17: re-runnable via IF NOT EXISTS, no rewrite of existing rows.
+ALTER TABLE document_generation_request ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS target_dpi INTEGER NULL;

foundation/src/test/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/documentgeneration/GenerationExpectedIntentTest.java

@@ -453,6 +453,239 @@ class GenerationExpectedIntentTest
       assertThat(submissions).hasValue(1);
    }
 
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** Publish a label on the fixture's template and install a renderer that
+    ** declares it renders at the request's target and records each target.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   private List<Integer> labelRenderer() throws Exception
+   {
+      List<Integer> targets = new java.util.ArrayList<>();
+      fixture.config.withRenderer(new GenerationPorts.IsolatedRenderer()
+      {
+         /***************************************************************************
+          ** The fixture renders at the target, as the renderer bridge declares.
+          ***************************************************************************/
+         @Override
+         public boolean supportsRenderTarget()
+         {
+            return (true);
+         }
+
+         /***************************************************************************
+          ** Accept every revision.
+          ***************************************************************************/
+         @Override
+         public void validate(String actor, GenerationPorts.Revision revision)
+         {
+         }
+
+         /***************************************************************************
+          ** Record the target and return bytes that differ by it.
+          ***************************************************************************/
+         @Override
+         public GenerationPorts.Content render(GenerationPorts.RenderRequest request)
+         {
+            targets.add(request.targetDpi());
+            return (new GenerationPorts.Content(("label at " + request.targetDpi()).getBytes(java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets.UTF_8)));
+         }
+      });
+      definitions.saveDraft(fixture.template, fixture.stock, new DocumentDefinitionService.Draft("page", "{\"schema\":\"qqq-zpl-scene/2\"}", null, List.of()));
+      definitions.publish(fixture.template);
+      return (targets);
+   }
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** A label intent for the first order, with or without a render target.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   private DocumentGenerationService.Request label(String key, Integer targetDpi)
+   {
+      return (new DocumentGenerationService.Request(fixture.template, new GenerationPorts.Source("orders", "1"), GenerationPorts.Format.ZPL, key, null, null, null, 1, targetDpi));
+   }
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** The intent digest as it was framed before the render target existed, with
+    ** the target's own frame added when one is given. Written out here so the
+    ** test does not borrow the service's arithmetic.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   private String digest(DocumentGenerationService.Result result, String key, Integer targetDpi) throws Exception
+   {
+      List<String> identity = new java.util.ArrayList<>(List.of("document-generation-intent/v1", "alice", key, "GENERATE", "6:orders1:1", String.valueOf(result.accepted().templateId()),
+         String.valueOf(result.accepted().revisionId()), result.accepted().stock().toString(), "ZPL", ""));
+      if(targetDpi != null)
+      {
+         identity.addAll(List.of("target-dpi/v1", String.valueOf(targetDpi)));
+      }
+      StringBuilder framed = new StringBuilder();
+      identity.forEach(value -> framed.append(value.length()).append(':').append(value));
+      return (java.util.HexFormat.of().formatHex(java.security.MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-256").digest(framed.toString().getBytes(java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets.UTF_8))));
+   }
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** A render target travels from the request to the row and to the renderer,
+    ** and is part of the intent: the same key with another target, or with
+    ** none, is another intent and is refused. A request without a target has
+    ** exactly the digest it had before the target existed.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void aRenderTargetIsCarriedPersistedAndPartOfTheIntent() throws Exception
+   {
+      List<Integer> targets = labelRenderer();
+      var none = service.generate(label("label:target-none", null));
+      var three = service.generate(label("label:target-300", 300));
+      var six = service.generate(label("label:target-600", 600));
+      assertThat(targets).containsExactly(null, 300, 600);
+      assertThat(service.generate(label("label:target-300", 300))).isEqualTo(three);
+      assertThat(service.generate(label("label:target-none", null))).isEqualTo(none);
+      assertThat(targets).hasSize(3);
+      for(var other : List.of(label("label:target-300", null), label("label:target-300", 203), label("label:target-300", 600), label("label:target-none", 203), label("label:target-none", 300)))
+      {
+         assertThatThrownBy(() -> service.generate(other)).hasMessageContaining("different generation intent");
+      }
+      assertThat(targets).hasSize(3);
+
+      assertThat(none.intentSha256()).isEqualTo(digest(none, "label:target-none", null));
+      assertThat(three.intentSha256()).isEqualTo(digest(three, "label:target-300", 300)).isNotEqualTo(digest(three, "label:target-300", null)).isNotEqualTo(digest(three, "label:target-300", 600));
+      assertThat(six.intentSha256()).isEqualTo(digest(six, "label:target-600", 600));
+      try(var connection = fixture.connection(); var statement = connection.createStatement();
+          var rows = statement.executeQuery("SELECT request_key, target_dpi FROM document_generation_request ORDER BY id"))
+      {
+         for(Integer expected : new Integer[] {null, 300, 600})
+         {
+            assertThat(rows.next()).isTrue();
+            int stored = rows.getInt(2);
+            assertThat(rows.wasNull() ? null : Integer.valueOf(stored)).isEqualTo(expected);
+         }
+         assertThat(rows.next()).isFalse();
+      }
+      ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+      // a stored target that no printer has is corrupt: it refuses, and renders at no dpi     //
+      ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+      fixture.sql("UPDATE document_generation_request SET target_dpi = 250 WHERE request_key = 'label:target-300'");
+      assertThatThrownBy(() -> service.generate(label("label:target-300", 300))).hasMessageContaining("Accepted render target is unavailable");
+      assertThat(targets).hasSize(3);
+   }
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** A target that cannot be honoured is refused before any row, render or
+    ** event: a value that is not a printer resolution, a target for a PDF, and
+    ** a renderer that does not declare it renders at a target (it would ignore
+    ** the value and print at another resolution). Without a target that same
+    ** renderer works as it always did.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void aRenderTargetThatCannotBeHonouredIsRefusedBeforeAnyEffect() throws Exception
+   {
+      for(int invalid : new int[] {0, 72, 200, 204, 1200, -300})
+      {
+         assertThatThrownBy(() -> label("label:invalid-target", invalid)).isInstanceOf(IllegalArgumentException.class).hasMessageContaining("203, 300 or 600");
+      }
+      var page = request("label:pdf-target");
+      var pdf = new DocumentGenerationService.Request(page.templateId(), page.source(), page.format(), page.requestKey(), null, null, null, 1, 300);
+      assertThatThrownBy(() -> service.generate(pdf)).hasMessageContaining("A render target applies to ZPL output only");
+      assertThatThrownBy(() -> service.generate(label("label:unsupported-target", 300))).hasMessageContaining("RENDER_TARGET_UNSUPPORTED");
+      assertThatThrownBy(() -> service.generate(label("label:unsupported-target", 203))).hasMessageContaining("RENDER_TARGET_UNSUPPORTED");
+      var withDestination = new DocumentGenerationService.Request(page.templateId(), page.source(), GenerationPorts.Format.ZPL, page.requestKey(), page.destination(), page.expected(), null, 1, 300);
+      assertThatThrownBy(() -> service.lookupAcceptedPrint(withDestination)).hasMessageContaining("RENDER_TARGET_UNSUPPORTED");
+      assertThatThrownBy(() -> service.preview(label("label:preview-target", 300), "0".repeat(64))).hasMessageContaining("Preview requires");
+      assertThat(count("document_generation_request")).isZero();
+      assertThat(count("document_generation_event")).isZero();
+      assertThat(submissions).hasValue(0);
+      assertThat(service.generate(page).state()).isEqualTo("QUEUED");
+      assertThat(count("document_generation_request")).isEqualTo(1);
+   }
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** A renderer that refuses the target by name (a version 1 scene asked for
+    ** another resolution than its stock's) leaves a typed, replayable refusal
+    ** and no output.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void aRefusedRenderTargetIsTypedAndIsNotRenderedAgain() throws Exception
+   {
+      labelRenderer();
+      AtomicInteger attempts = new AtomicInteger();
+      fixture.config.withRenderer(new GenerationPorts.IsolatedRenderer()
+      {
+         /***************************************************************************
+          ** The fixture reads the target and refuses it, as the bridge does.
+          ***************************************************************************/
+         @Override
+         public boolean supportsRenderTarget()
+         {
+            return (true);
+         }
+
+         /***************************************************************************
+          ** Accept every revision.
+          ***************************************************************************/
+         @Override
+         public void validate(String actor, GenerationPorts.Revision revision)
+         {
+         }
+
+         /***************************************************************************
+          ** Refuse a target other than the stock's resolution, by name.
+          ***************************************************************************/
+         @Override
+         public GenerationPorts.Content render(GenerationPorts.RenderRequest request) throws QException
+         {
+            attempts.incrementAndGet();
+            throw new GenerationPorts.RenderException(GenerationPorts.FailureCode.TARGET_REQUIRES_SCENE_2);
+         }
+      });
+      for(int attempt = 0; attempt < 2; attempt++)
+      {
+         assertThatThrownBy(() -> service.generate(label("label:refused-target", 300))).isInstanceOf(GenerationPorts.RenderException.class).hasMessage("TARGET_REQUIRES_SCENE_2");
+      }
+      assertThat(attempts).hasValue(1);
+      try(var connection = fixture.connection(); var statement = connection.createStatement();
+          var rows = statement.executeQuery("SELECT state, error_code, target_dpi, version_id FROM document_generation_request"))
+      {
+         assertThat(rows.next()).isTrue();
+         assertThat(rows.getString(1)).isEqualTo("INCOMPLETE");
+         assertThat(rows.getString(2)).isEqualTo("TARGET_REQUIRES_SCENE_2");
+         assertThat(rows.getInt(3)).isEqualTo(300);
+         assertThat(rows.getString(4)).isNull();
+      }
+   }
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** The shipped additive migration leaves earlier rows without a target: they
+    ** keep their receipt and digest, still match a retry without a target, and
+    ** never match a retry that names one.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void renderTargetMigrationKeepsEarlierRowsAndTheirDigests() throws Exception
+   {
+      labelRenderer();
+      var before = service.generate(label("label:legacy-target", null));
+      int events = count("document_generation_event");
+      fixture.sql("ALTER TABLE document_generation_request DROP COLUMN target_dpi");
+      for(String statement : java.nio.file.Files.readString(java.nio.file.Path.of("src/main/resources/db/migrations/20261112-render-target-dpi-h2.sql")).split(";"))
+      {
+         if(!statement.isBlank())
+         {
+            fixture.sql(statement);
+         }
+      }
+      try(var connection = fixture.connection(); var statement = connection.createStatement(); var rows = statement.executeQuery("SELECT target_dpi FROM document_generation_request"))
+      {
+         assertThat(rows.next()).isTrue();
+         rows.getInt(1);
+         assertThat(rows.wasNull()).isTrue();
+      }
+      assertThat(service.generate(label("label:legacy-target", null))).isEqualTo(before);
+      assertThat(before.intentSha256()).isEqualTo(digest(before, "label:legacy-target", null));
+      assertThatThrownBy(() -> service.generate(label("label:legacy-target", 203))).hasMessageContaining("different generation intent");
+      assertThat(count("document_generation_event")).isEqualTo(events);
+      assertThat(count("document_generation_request")).isEqualTo(1);
+      for(String dialect : List.of("mysql", "postgres"))
+      {
+         assertThat(java.nio.file.Files.readString(java.nio.file.Path.of("src/main/resources/db/migrations/20261112-render-target-dpi-" + dialect + ".sql")))
+            .contains("ALTER TABLE document_generation_request ADD COLUMN").contains("target_dpi IN").contains("NULL;");
+      }
+   }
+
    /***************************************************************************
     ** A closed worker refusal is persisted and replayed without repeated render,
     ** while arbitrary exception messages remain the generic operational code.

foundation/src/test/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/documentgeneration/GenerationPortsContractTest.java

@@ -95,6 +95,41 @@ class GenerationPortsContractTest
       assertEquals("Renderer preview is unavailable.", assertThrows(QException.class,
          () -> adapter.preview(new GenerationPorts.PreviewRequest("actor-1", GenerationPorts.Format.ZPL, REVISION, Map.of(), null, 1024))).getMessage());
       assertEquals("Renderer barcode reference is unavailable.", assertThrows(QException.class, adapter::barcodeReference).getMessage());
+      assertEquals(false, adapter.supportsRenderTarget());
+   }
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** A job holds its own copy of the context, which may hold a null value and
+    ** cannot be changed through the job or through the map the caller kept. A
+    ** job written to a log shows its format and render target and nothing of
+    ** the record or the template source.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void aJobHoldsItsOwnContextAndNeverPrintsIt()
+   {
+      Map<String, Object> context = new HashMap<>();
+      context.put("name", "PRIVATE_SENTINEL");
+      context.put("absent", null);
+      var secret = new GenerationPorts.Revision(1, 2, "orders", STOCK, "<p>SOURCE_SENTINEL</p>", "{\"text\":\"SOURCE_SENTINEL\"}", null, List.of());
+      var preview = new GenerationPorts.PreviewRequest("actor-PRIVATE", GenerationPorts.Format.ZPL, secret, context, 300, 1024);
+      var render = new GenerationPorts.RenderRequest("request-1", "actor-PRIVATE", SOURCE, GenerationPorts.Format.ZPL, secret, context, 1024, 600);
+      context.put("name", "changed");
+      context.put("added", "later");
+      for(Map<String, Object> held : List.of(preview.context(), render.context()))
+      {
+         assertEquals("PRIVATE_SENTINEL", held.get("name"));
+         assertEquals(2, held.size());
+         assertNull(held.get("absent"));
+         assertEquals(true, held.containsKey("absent"));
+         assertThrows(UnsupportedOperationException.class, () -> held.put("more", "x"));
+         assertThrows(UnsupportedOperationException.class, () -> held.remove("name"));
+      }
+      assertEquals("PreviewRequest[format=ZPL, targetDpi=300]", preview.toString());
+      assertEquals("RenderRequest[requestId=request-1, format=ZPL, targetDpi=600]", render.toString());
+      assertEquals("PreviewRequest[format=PDF, targetDpi=null]", new GenerationPorts.PreviewRequest("actor-1", GenerationPorts.Format.PDF, secret, null, null, 1).toString());
+      assertNull(new GenerationPorts.PreviewRequest("actor-1", GenerationPorts.Format.PDF, secret, null, null, 1).context());
+      assertNull(new GenerationPorts.RenderRequest("request-1", "actor-1", SOURCE, GenerationPorts.Format.PDF, secret, null, 1).context());
+      assertEquals(preview, new GenerationPorts.PreviewRequest("actor-PRIVATE", GenerationPorts.Format.ZPL, secret, preview.context(), 300, 1024));
    }
 
    /***************************************************************************

foundation/src/test/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/documentgeneration/GenerationProcessesTest.java

@@ -1283,6 +1283,41 @@ class GenerationProcessesTest
       assertThatThrownBy(() -> execute(input)).hasMessageContaining("PDF or ZPL");
    }
 
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** The generate action offers a render target, carries it to the service and
+    ** refuses one that is not a printer resolution; queueing has no such option.
+    ** The request status names the stored target.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void generateActionCarriesTheRenderTargetOrRefusesIt() throws Exception
+   {
+      var options = (com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.processes.QFrontendStepMetaData) instance.getProcess(GenerationProcesses.name("orders", "generate")).getStep("options");
+      assertThat(options.getFormFields().stream().map(QFieldMetaData::getName)).contains("targetDpi");
+      var queued = (com.kingsrook.qqq.backend.core.model.metadata.processes.QFrontendStepMetaData) instance.getProcess(GenerationProcesses.name("orders", "enqueue")).getStep("options");
+      assertThat(queued.getFormFields().stream().map(QFieldMetaData::getName)).doesNotContain("targetDpi");
+      for(int invalid : new int[] {150, 0, 601})
+      {
+         var input = prepared("orders", "generate", 1);
+         input.addValue("templateId", template);
+         input.addValue("targetDpi", invalid);
+         assertThatThrownBy(() -> execute(input)).hasMessageContaining("A render target is 203, 300 or 600 dpi.");
+      }
+      var page = prepared("orders", "generate", 1);
+      page.addValue("templateId", template);
+      page.addValue("targetDpi", 300);
+      assertThatThrownBy(() -> execute(page)).hasMessageContaining("A render target applies to ZPL output only");
+      ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+      // the fixture renderer does not declare that it renders at a target, so the service,   //
+      // which was given the value, refuses it                                                 //
+      ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+      var label = prepared("orders", "generate", 1);
+      label.addValue("templateId", template);
+      label.addValue("format", "ZPL");
+      label.addValue("targetDpi", 300);
+      assertThatThrownBy(() -> execute(label)).hasMessageContaining("RENDER_TARGET_UNSUPPORTED");
+      assertThat(new ObjectMapper().readTree(execute(prepared(GenerationTables.REQUEST, "status", generate()))).has("targetDpi")).isTrue();
+   }
+
    /***************************************************************************
     ** Reject substituted retained versions and unsafe download links before exposing delivery metadata.
     ***************************************************************************/

foundation/src/test/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/documentgeneration/GenerationQueueJdbcTest.java

@@ -173,6 +173,41 @@ class GenerationQueueJdbcTest
       queue = new GenerationQueue(config,clock,1,30);
    }
 
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** The database this suite runs on, as the shipped migration scripts name it.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   protected String dialect()
+   {
+      return ("h2");
+   }
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** The shipped render target migration for this database adds one nullable
+    ** column to the request table: a request made before it reads as having no
+    ** target, and generation goes on afterwards.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void renderTargetMigrationAddsOneNullableColumn() throws Exception
+   {
+      assertThat(queue.advance(enqueue("before-target")).state()).isEqualTo("GENERATED");
+      sql("ALTER TABLE document_generation_request DROP COLUMN target_dpi");
+      for(String statement : Files.readString(Path.of("src/main/resources/db/migrations/20261112-render-target-dpi-" + dialect() + ".sql")).split(";"))
+      {
+         if(!statement.isBlank())
+         {
+            sql(statement);
+         }
+      }
+      try(var connection = connection(); var statement = connection.createStatement(); var rows = statement.executeQuery("SELECT target_dpi FROM document_generation_request"))
+      {
+         assertThat(rows.next()).isTrue();
+         rows.getInt(1);
+         assertThat(rows.wasNull()).isTrue();
+         assertThat(rows.next()).isFalse();
+      }
+      assertThat(queue.advance(enqueue("after-target")).state()).isEqualTo("GENERATED");
+   }
+
    /***************************************************************************
     ** Clear native context, pooled connections and memory records after each database scenario.
     ***************************************************************************/

foundation/src/test/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/documentgeneration/MySqlGenerationQueueTest.java

@@ -97,6 +97,15 @@ class MySqlGenerationQueueTest extends GenerationQueueJdbcTest
       mysql.sql(source);
    }
 
+   /***********************************************************************
+    ** The shipped migration scripts for this engine.
+    ***********************************************************************/
+   @Override
+   protected String dialect()
+   {
+      return ("mysql");
+   }
+
    /***********************************************************************
     ** Exercise the shipped native schema, including binary idempotency keys.
     ***********************************************************************/

foundation/src/test/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/documentgeneration/PostgresGenerationQueueTest.java

@@ -100,6 +100,15 @@ class PostgresGenerationQueueTest extends GenerationQueueJdbcTest
       return (current == null ? postgres : current);
    }
 
+   /***********************************************************************
+    ** The shipped migration scripts for this engine.
+    ***********************************************************************/
+   @Override
+   protected String dialect()
+   {
+      return ("postgres");
+   }
+
    /***********************************************************************
     ** Exercise the shipped native schema without the H2 timestamp rewrite.
     ***********************************************************************/

renderer/NOTICE

@@ -26,3 +26,12 @@ The encoder and prime-field ECC helper retain the MIT license. See
 META-INF/licenses/bwipp-code93i-MIT.txt and Code93i.java. Pinned corresponding
 upstream source, helper, tests and provenance are retained under
 src/test/resources/barcodes/code93i.
+
+Bundled fonts (2026-11-12). This distribution contains, unmodified and as data,
+IBM Plex Sans Regular and Bold and IBM Plex Sans Condensed Bold, Copyright (c)
+2017 IBM Corp. with Reserved Font Name "Plex", and JetBrains Mono Regular and
+Bold, Copyright 2020 The JetBrains Mono Project Authors
+(https://github.com/JetBrains/JetBrainsMono). They are licensed under the SIL
+Open Font License, Version 1.1, separately from the renderer's Apache license,
+which does not replace it. Each font is in /fonts of the renderer JAR beside
+the full license text and a provenance note; /fonts/SHA256SUMS lists the hashes.

renderer/README.md

@@ -124,7 +124,12 @@ A source with schema `qqq-zpl-scene/2` is a layout in physical units that render
 - **Coordinates** start at the top left of the printable area, the stock less its margins. In dots the printable area is `floor((width - left - right) x dpi)` wide and `floor((height - top - bottom) x dpi)` high, which is how a box size is rounded, and it starts at `ceil(left x dpi)`, `ceil(top x dpi)`, moved back by one dot where it would otherwise pass the page edge. So a box of exactly the printable width and height fits at 203, 300 and 600 dpi alike. No ink is ever a whole dot inside a margin; the right and bottom edges may pass theirs by a fraction of a dot (less than 0.125 mm at 203 dpi). `design` states the stock the layout was drawn for; the request's stock must match it within 0.5 mm on each side (`STOCK_MISMATCH`).
 - **Every element** has a unique `id` (`[A-Za-z][A-Za-z0-9_-]{0,31}`), a `type`, an `anchor` (one of nine points, default `top-left`: the same point of the box is placed on that point of its container), `x` and `y` (distances inward from the anchored edge; on a centred axis a shift that may be negative), `width` and `height` (omitted: the rest of the container), and `align` and `valign` (where content sits in the box).
 - **`box`** has `thickness` and optional `fill`; a line is a box whose width or height is its thickness. **`group`** has `children`, placed relative to its box; groups nest four deep. A scene holds at most 1000 elements, and its elements may paint at most sixteen times its printable area in all, an overlap counted each time: a filled box counts its area, an outline its four bars, a group nothing. The element that would pass that is refused as `SCENE_INVALID` at its pointer, with its box and `measured.paintedPercent` against `limit.paintedPercent` of 1600. A real label paints less than twice its area; the limit holds the worst scene to sixteen fills of the canvas where 1000 were possible.
-- **`text`, `barcode` and `image`** are parsed and placed by renderer `0.2.0` and then refused as `RENDERER_TOO_OLD`, with the box they would have had, until their packages are in the renderer.
+- **`text`** draws one value in a face bundled with the renderer: `qqq-sans`, `qqq-sans-bold` (IBM Plex Sans), `qqq-condensed-bold` (IBM Plex Sans Condensed) and `qqq-mono`, `qqq-mono-bold` (JetBrains Mono). There is no printer font in version 2 and no installed font is used; any other `font` is `FONT_UNKNOWN`, and a request that supplies an asset whose name begins `qqq-` is refused as `RESERVED_FONT_NAME`. `font` and `size` may come from the scene's `defaults`. The value is `value` or, read from the record when rendering, `valuePath` (text as it is, `true` or `false`, or a number in plain decimal digits with no exponent and no fraction that is only zeros: `1.0E10` prints `10000000000`, `2.50` prints `2.5`; anything else is `VALUE_MISSING`); at most 1024 characters, each of which the face must draw as one glyph from left to right (no control or format characters, combining marks, shaping or right-to-left scripts: `FONT_MISSING_GLYPH`, with the count).
+  - **Size and measurement.** `size` is the em as a physical length from `1pt` to `1000pt`, not rounded to dots. A text is measured before it is drawn, by integer arithmetic on the face's own numbers, so the measurement is the same on every machine. A line's box is its pen advance widened to hold the ink of every character in it, plus two dots on each inked side for the rasteriser. A text whose ink the rasteriser puts outside that box is not printed in part and does not fail the render: the one element is refused as `TEXT_DOES_NOT_FIT` with `measured.glyphsOutsideMeasure` and `measured.dotsOutsideMeasure`, when the scene is validated if its value is a literal. No bundled face does so at any size from 1 pt to 1000 pt. The block of lines is placed in the element's box by `align` and `valign`, and each line in the block by `align`. `lineHeight` is the distance between baselines as a multiple of the size (default: the face's own). `rotation` turns the text clockwise in a box given as it appears on the label; `reverse` prints white letters on the box filled black.
+  - **Fit.** In this order: lay the value out at `size` within `fit.maxLines` (default 1); if it does not fit, take the largest size, in steps of 0.25 pt down to `fit.shrinkTo`, at which it does (`TEXT_SHRUNK`); if none does, apply `fit.overflow`. `shrinkTo` defaults to 70% of the size and not below 5 pt. `overflow` is `refuse` (the default: `TEXT_DOES_NOT_FIT`, with the measured width, height, lines and size against the box) or `truncate`, which cuts at a character, ends with an ellipsis and warns `TEXT_TRUNCATED`. At each size a line is broken between words while that fits and at any character when it does not, so a value with no space wraps and a larger size is preferred to whole words (`TEXT_WRAPPED`). A member of `fit` that is wrong is `SCENE_INVALID` at that member (`/elements/3/fit/maxLines`). The size chosen is exactly the one a search of every quarter-point step gives, found without making that search, and all the text of one scene is held to a stated amount of work: 64 million steps, where a character visited while fitting is one step, a character to be drawn is 16 and a glyph the scene draws for the first time at a size is 4096. A scene that passes it is refused as `SCENE_INVALID` at the element that did, with `measured.textWorkSteps` against `limit.textWorkSteps`, the same whether it is validated or rendered and on every machine. That is about a second of a worker; a label of a hundred values takes a few percent of it.
+  - **Proving the fit.** `maxLength` is the longest value in characters. When a scene is validated, that many of the face's widest character must fit whole, each taken to reach as far above, below and beside its advance as the furthest-reaching character of the face; otherwise the scene is refused as `TEXT_DOES_NOT_FIT`. The proof never cuts. An element with `overflow: truncate` whose stated length is not proven is still valid, since cutting is what its author chose, but every validation warns `FIT_NOT_PROVEN` with `measured.provenCharacters`, the longest length that is proven to fit whole, against `limit.characters`: longer values may be cut. A scene that passes cannot be refused at that render target because a value of up to that length does not fit, whichever of the face's characters it holds. The proof is therefore stricter than a typical value needs, and a box that is exactly `lines x lineHeight` high is not proven: leave room for an accent above a capital. When printing, a longer value is `VALUE_TOO_LONG` before any layout. A bound element without `maxLength` warns `FIT_NOT_PROVEN` with no number. Validation reads no record. The proof is for the render target of the request; validate at each resolution the document prints at.
+  - **Legibility.** Glyphs are drawn antialiased and a dot is ink when its grey is darker than `threshold` (1 to 254, default 128), so a higher value prints heavier. `TEXT_SMALL_FOR_DPI` warns when the capitals are under 12 dots high at the render target (about 6 pt at 203 dpi), `TEXT_LIGHT_FACE` when a regular weight is used with capitals under 20 dots (about 10 pt at 203 dpi). A literal is judged at the size it is drawn at; a bound value, when validated, at the size its `maxLength` is proven at, which is the smallest any value is printed at (the floor when the proof fails and the element cuts), and at its stated size when it has no `maxLength`. An override is how a scene answers for one resolution: a bold face or a higher `threshold` at 203 dpi.
+- **`barcode` and `image`** are parsed and placed by renderer `0.2.0` and then refused as `RENDERER_TOO_OLD`, with the box they would have had, until their packages are in the renderer.
 - **`overrides`** replace properties of declared elements at the listed resolutions and are the only place a scene may depend on resolution. They are checked for all three resolutions whatever the request's target. **`samples`** are accepted and ignored by rendering.
 - **Output.** The whole label is composed on one 1-bit canvas and emitted as uncompressed `^GFA` fields: rows are cut into bands wherever eight or more blank rows separate ink, each band is trimmed to its inked columns, and a band is continued in a further field at 99,999 bytes. Only `^XA`, `^PW`, `^LL`, `^LH`, `^CI28`, `^FO`, `^GFA`, `^FS` and `^XZ` are emitted.
 - **Diagnostics.** A refusal is one diagnostic: `code`, `severity`, the `element` id, the element's `box` in dots from the top left of the printable area, and `measured` and `limit` as named integers. `SCENE_INVALID` also carries `pointer`, the JSON pointer of the offending place. A diagnostic names only an id the scene declares and points only through schema property names, array indexes and declared ids, so no record value, sample or unknown property name can leave the worker in one. A stock the printer language cannot address stays the opaque `RENDER_FAILED`, as for version 1.

renderer/THIRD-PARTY.md

@@ -58,3 +58,32 @@ the Java file preserves the full license and identifies the dated port.
 Unmodified source, tests, hashes and maintenance policy are retained in
 `src/test/resources/barcodes/coop2of5`. No interpreter or additional runtime
 dependency is introduced. See [the capability contract](BARCODES.md#coop-2-of-5).
+
+## Bundled fonts for version 2 label text (2026-11-12)
+
+Version 2 label scenes draw text in five TrueType faces shipped inside the renderer JAR under `/fonts`. They are
+data, not code: unmodified files taken from each project's official release archive, each beside its licence text
+and a provenance note, with their SHA-256 in `/fonts/SHA256SUMS`. A test (`FaceTest`) fails the build when a
+licence, a provenance note or a hash is missing or a file's bytes change.
+
+| Scene name | Family and style | File | Release | SHA-256 | Licence |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| `qqq-sans` | IBM Plex Sans Regular | `ibm-plex-sans/IBMPlexSans-Regular.ttf` | [`@ibm/plex-sans@1.1.0`](https://github.com/IBM/plex/releases/download/%40ibm/plex-sans%401.1.0/ibm-plex-sans.zip), font version 3.005 | `975dcda37d80f038dcd143c22e33ca2d97a0cc5a929aace1c749153b0fe1afa5` | SIL OFL 1.1 |
+| `qqq-sans-bold` | IBM Plex Sans Bold | `ibm-plex-sans/IBMPlexSans-Bold.ttf` | the same archive, font version 3.005 | `9e6c74a889a700d707613d24548fe4ffa6bc59559a0689d2cf9e133bdcdafb2f` | SIL OFL 1.1 |
+| `qqq-condensed-bold` | IBM Plex Sans Condensed Bold | `ibm-plex-sans-condensed/IBMPlexSansCondensed-Bold.ttf` | [`@ibm/plex-sans-condensed@2.0.0`](https://github.com/IBM/plex/releases/download/%40ibm/plex-sans-condensed%402.0.0/ibm-plex-sans-condensed.zip), font version 3.000 | `723e245902b45a49f8cf602d15891bae08c31309dce7c56d209d10cd471b88c7` | SIL OFL 1.1 |
+| `qqq-mono` | JetBrains Mono Regular | `jetbrains-mono/JetBrainsMono-Regular.ttf` | [`v2.304`](https://github.com/JetBrains/JetBrainsMono/releases/download/v2.304/JetBrainsMono-2.304.zip), font version 2.304 | `a0bf60ef0f83c5ed4d7a75d45838548b1f6873372dfac88f71804491898d138f` | SIL OFL 1.1 |
+| `qqq-mono-bold` | JetBrains Mono Bold | `jetbrains-mono/JetBrainsMono-Bold.ttf` | the same archive, font version 2.304 | `5590990c82e097397517f275f430af4546e1c45cff408bde4255dad142479dcb` | SIL OFL 1.1 |
+
+Each licence was confirmed from the release archive itself and not from memory: the archive's own licence file
+(`LICENSE.txt` for the two IBM Plex archives, `OFL.txt` for JetBrains Mono) states the SIL Open Font License,
+Version 1.1 and carries its full text, the licence field of every font's name table says the same, and every
+font's embedding bits are 0 (installable embedding). The licence files are shipped byte for byte. IBM Plex
+declares the Reserved Font Name "Plex"; the files are neither modified nor renamed, and the scene names
+(`qqq-sans` and so on) are names of the renderer's faces, not of derived fonts.
+
+The SIL Open Font License 1.1 is not on the allowlist of `K22-DEP-02`. The maintainer approved one recorded
+exception for unmodified OFL 1.1 fonts shipped as data on 2026-11-12. The register is kept in the standards
+repository (`exceptions/register.md`), not here; the entry was proposed with the pull request that added the
+fonts. The OFL permits bundling and redistribution with software provided the copyright and
+licence notices accompany the fonts, the fonts are not sold by themselves and a Reserved Font Name is not used
+for a modified version; it does not apply to documents made with the fonts.

renderer/qualification.json

@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@
   "qualified": false,
   "qualificationId": null,
   "imageDigest": null,
-  "rendererVersion": "qqq-renderer-0.1.0",
+  "rendererVersion": "qqq-renderer-0.2.0",
   "protocol": "qbit-document-renderer/1",
-  "catalogVersion": "qqq-barcodes-1",
+  "catalogVersion": "qqq-barcodes-9",
   "javaVersion": "21.0.13",
   "requiredRuntime": "runsc",
   "requiredHostOs": "linux",

renderer/schema/zpl-scene-2.schema.json

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
       "properties": {"width": {"$ref": "#/$defs/physical"}, "height": {"$ref": "#/$defs/physical"}}
     },
     "defaults": {
-      "description": "Defaults for text elements.",
+      "description": "The face and size of a text element that states none.",
       "type": "object",
       "additionalProperties": false,
       "properties": {"font": {"type": "string", "pattern": "^[A-Za-z0-9_-][A-Za-z0-9_.-]{0,99}$"}, "size": {"$ref": "#/$defs/physical"}}
@@ -98,9 +98,31 @@
         },
         {
           "$ref": "#/$defs/placement",
-          "description": "Text. Parsed and placed by renderer 0.2.0 and refused as RENDERER_TOO_OLD until the text package; the values of these properties are not yet read.",
+          "description": "Text in a face bundled with the renderer, measured before it is drawn and placed in its box by `align` and `valign`. `font` and `size` may come from `defaults`. The renderer is the authority: it also enforces a size from 1pt to 1000pt, a `shrinkTo` from 1pt up to the size, at most three decimals in `lineHeight`, at most 1024 characters, only characters the face draws as one glyph each from left to right (FONT_MISSING_GLYPH), no supplied asset whose name begins `qqq-` (RESERVED_FONT_NAME), and a stated amount of work for all the text of one scene (SCENE_INVALID with `textWorkSteps`).",
           "unevaluatedProperties": false,
-          "properties": {"type": {"const": "text"}, "value": {}, "valuePath": {}, "font": {}, "size": {}, "lineHeight": {}, "fit": {}, "maxLength": {}, "threshold": {}, "reverse": {}, "rotation": {"enum": [0, 90, 180, 270]}}
+          "oneOf": [{"required": ["value"]}, {"required": ["valuePath"]}],
+          "properties": {
+            "type": {"const": "text"},
+            "value": {"type": "string", "maxLength": 1024, "description": "The text itself."},
+            "valuePath": {"type": "string", "pattern": "^/", "maxLength": 256, "description": "A JSON pointer into the record. Text is printed as it is; true and false as those words; a number in plain decimal digits, with no exponent and no fraction that is only zeros (`1.0E10` prints `10000000000`, `2.50` prints `2.5`, `12.0` prints `12`). Anything else, a number that is not finite among them, is VALUE_MISSING. No record is read when a scene is validated."},
+            "font": {"enum": ["qqq-sans", "qqq-sans-bold", "qqq-condensed-bold", "qqq-mono", "qqq-mono-bold"], "description": "A bundled face: IBM Plex Sans Regular and Bold, IBM Plex Sans Condensed Bold, JetBrains Mono Regular and Bold. Any other name is FONT_UNKNOWN."},
+            "size": {"$ref": "#/$defs/physical", "description": "The em size. Type scales continuously: the size is not rounded to dots."},
+            "lineHeight": {"type": "number", "minimum": 0.5, "maximum": 5, "description": "The distance between baselines as a multiple of the size. Default: the face's own ascent, descent and line gap."},
+            "fit": {
+              "type": "object",
+              "additionalProperties": false,
+              "description": "What happens when the value does not fit the box. In order: lay out at `size` within `maxLines`; else the largest size, in steps of 0.25pt down to `shrinkTo`, that fits; else `overflow`. At each size a line is broken between words while that fits and at any character when it does not. A member that is wrong is SCENE_INVALID at that member (`/fit/maxLines`); a member `fit` does not have is SCENE_INVALID at `fit`.",
+              "properties": {
+                "maxLines": {"type": "integer", "minimum": 1, "maximum": 64, "default": 1, "description": "The most lines the value may take."},
+                "shrinkTo": {"$ref": "#/$defs/physical", "description": "The smallest size the text may be reduced to: from 1pt up to `size`, which the renderer enforces. Default: 70% of `size` and not below 5pt, or `size` itself when that is smaller."},
+                "overflow": {"enum": ["refuse", "truncate"], "default": "refuse", "description": "What is done with a value that fits at no size: `refuse` (TEXT_DOES_NOT_FIT), or `truncate` (cut at a character, end with an ellipsis, warn TEXT_TRUNCATED)."}
+              }
+            },
+            "maxLength": {"type": "integer", "minimum": 1, "maximum": 1024, "description": "The longest value, in characters. Validation proves that this many of the face's widest character fit whole, never cut, so a length refusal happens when the scene is published; a longer value is VALUE_TOO_LONG when printing. When the proof fails and `fit.overflow` is `truncate` the scene stands and warns FIT_NOT_PROVEN with the longest length that is proven (`provenCharacters`): longer values may be cut. Without `maxLength` a bound element warns FIT_NOT_PROVEN."},
+            "threshold": {"type": "integer", "minimum": 1, "maximum": 254, "default": 128, "description": "Glyphs are drawn antialiased; a dot is ink when its grey is darker than this. Higher prints heavier."},
+            "reverse": {"type": "boolean", "default": false, "description": "White letters on the element's box filled black."},
+            "rotation": {"enum": [0, 90, 180, 270], "description": "Clockwise. The box is given as it appears on the label; a text turned a quarter is fitted along the box's height."}
+          }
         },
         {
           "$ref": "#/$defs/placement",

renderer/src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/renderer/scene2/ElementFactory.java

@@ -50,10 +50,11 @@ public interface ElementFactory
    Map<String, ElementFactory> FACTORIES = Map.of("box", new BoxElement.Factory(), "text", new TextFactory(), "barcode", new BarcodeFactory(), "image", new GraphicsFactory());
 
    /***************************************************************************
-    ** Every property name the version 2 schema declares. A diagnostic's pointer
-    ** is made only of these, of array indexes and of declared element ids.
+    ** Every property name the version 2 schema declares, the members of a text
+    ** element's `fit` among them. A diagnostic's pointer is made only of these,
+    ** of array indexes and of declared element ids.
     ***************************************************************************/
-   Set<String> VOCABULARY = Stream.concat(Stream.of("schema", "design", "defaults", "font", "size", "samples", "elements", "overrides", "when", "dpi", "set", "children"),
+   Set<String> VOCABULARY = Stream.concat(Stream.of("schema", "design", "defaults", "font", "size", "samples", "elements", "overrides", "when", "dpi", "set", "children", "maxLines", "shrinkTo", "overflow"),
       Stream.concat(COMMON.stream(), FACTORIES.values().stream().flatMap(factory -> factory.properties().stream()))).collect(Collectors.toUnmodifiableSet());
 
 

renderer/src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/renderer/scene2/ElementSource.java

@@ -205,11 +205,23 @@ public final class ElementSource
 
 
    /***************************************************************************
-    ** The refusal for a property the element states wrongly, or lacks.
+    ** The refusal for a property the element states wrongly, or lacks. A member
+    ** of a property that is an object is named with a slash: `fit/maxLines`.
     ***************************************************************************/
    public Refusal invalid(String name)
    {
-      return (diagnostics.refuse("SCENE_INVALID", id, pointer(name), null, null, null));
+      return (refuse("SCENE_INVALID", name));
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** The refusal, by its own code, for a property that is well formed but names
+    ** something this renderer does not have, such as a font.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   public Refusal refuse(String code, String name)
+   {
+      return (diagnostics.refuse(code, id, pointer(name), null, null, null));
    }
 
 
@@ -230,12 +242,33 @@ public final class ElementSource
 
 
    /***************************************************************************
-    ** Where a property is stated: in the override that set it, else in the
-    ** element.
+    ** Give the element the scene's `defaults` for the properties its type reads
+    ** and it does not state. A default is reported where the scene states it.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   void inherit(JsonNode defaults, Set<String> properties)
+   {
+      for(Map.Entry<String, JsonNode> property : defaults.properties())
+      {
+         if(properties.contains(property.getKey()) && !values.containsKey(property.getKey()))
+         {
+            values.put(property.getKey(), property.getValue());
+            pointers.put(property.getKey(), "/defaults/" + property.getKey());
+         }
+      }
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** Where a property is stated: in the override that set it, in the scene's
+    ** defaults, else in the element. A member of a property that is an object
+    ** (`fit/maxLines`) is in that property, wherever the property is stated.
     ***************************************************************************/
    private String pointer(String name)
    {
-      return (pointers.getOrDefault(name, pointer + "/" + name));
+      int member = name.indexOf('/');
+      String property = member < 0 ? name : name.substring(0, member);
+      return (pointers.getOrDefault(property, pointer + "/" + property) + (member < 0 ? "" : name.substring(member)));
    }
 
 

renderer/src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/renderer/scene2/SceneParser.java

@@ -278,6 +278,7 @@ final class SceneParser
          {
             ElementFactory factory = ElementFactory.FACTORIES.get(source.type());
             source.only(factory.properties());
+            source.inherit(root.path("defaults"), factory.properties());
             built.add(factory.create(source));
          }
       }

renderer/src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/renderer/scene2/text/Face.java

@@ -0,0 +1,345 @@
+/*
+ * QQQ - Low-code Application Framework for Engineers.
+ * Copyright (C) 2021-2025.  Kingsrook, LLC
+ * 651 N Broad St Ste 205 # 6917 | Middletown DE 19709 | United States
+ * contact@kingsrook.com
+ * https://github.com/Kingsrook/
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.kingsrook.qbits.renderer.scene2.text;
+
+
+import java.awt.Font;
+import java.awt.FontFormatException;
+import java.awt.font.FontRenderContext;
+import java.awt.font.GlyphVector;
+import java.awt.font.LineMetrics;
+import java.awt.geom.Rectangle2D;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ ** The faces bundled with the renderer, by the name a scene writes. Each is an
+ ** unmodified TrueType file under the SIL Open Font License 1.1, shipped in the
+ ** jar beside its licence, provenance and hash (`/fonts`). No installed font is
+ ** ever used and there is no fallback between faces.
+ **
+ ** Every number here is in thousandths of the em, read once from the face at a
+ ** reference size of 1000, where the bundled faces (1000 units to the em) give
+ ** whole numbers. Layout multiplies those integers by the size and never asks
+ ** the font for a measurement at the size it draws, so a measurement is the
+ ** same on every machine.
+ **
+ ** The four numbers after the widest character are the most any character of
+ ** the face reaches past its own advance on the left and on the right, above
+ ** the baseline and below it. They bound every character, so a value that was
+ ** never seen can be proven to fit; a test recomputes them from the font file.
+ *******************************************************************************/
+public final class Face
+{
+   public static final Face SANS = new Face("qqq-sans", "ibm-plex-sans/IBMPlexSans-Regular.ttf", false, 0x2030, 203, 203, 1119, 245);
+   public static final Face SANS_BOLD = new Face("qqq-sans-bold", "ibm-plex-sans/IBMPlexSans-Bold.ttf", true, 0x2030, 245, 245, 1150, 275);
+   public static final Face CONDENSED_BOLD = new Face("qqq-condensed-bold", "ibm-plex-sans-condensed/IBMPlexSansCondensed-Bold.ttf", true, 0x2030, 241, 241, 1150, 275);
+   public static final Face MONO = new Face("qqq-mono", "jetbrains-mono/JetBrainsMono-Regular.ttf", false, 0x21, 165, 165, 1120, 400);
+   public static final Face MONO_BOLD = new Face("qqq-mono-bold", "jetbrains-mono/JetBrainsMono-Bold.ttf", true, 0x21, 165, 165, 1120, 400);
+
+   static final FontRenderContext CONTEXT = new FontRenderContext(null, true, true);
+   static final int REFERENCE = 1000;
+
+   private static final List<Face> ALL = List.of(SANS, SANS_BOLD, CONDENSED_BOLD, MONO, MONO_BOLD);
+
+   /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+   // characters that cannot be drawn one glyph each from left to right: controls and formats    //
+   // (which would print nothing), marks (which need placing on the letter before) and the like  //
+   /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+   private static final Set<Integer> UNDRAWN = Set.of((int) Character.CONTROL, (int) Character.FORMAT, (int) Character.SURROGATE, (int) Character.PRIVATE_USE, (int) Character.UNASSIGNED,
+      (int) Character.LINE_SEPARATOR, (int) Character.PARAGRAPH_SEPARATOR, (int) Character.NON_SPACING_MARK, (int) Character.ENCLOSING_MARK, (int) Character.COMBINING_SPACING_MARK);
+
+   private final String scene;
+   private final String file;
+   private final boolean bold;
+   private final int widest;
+   private final int left;
+   private final int right;
+   private final int top;
+   private final int bottom;
+   private final Map<Integer, Glyph> glyphs = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
+   private Font font;
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** One character of a face: how far the pen moves, and the box its outline
+    ** fills, from the pen (`left`, `right`) and from the baseline (`top` above,
+    ** `bottom` below), rounded outward. A space has no ink; only U+0020 is a
+    ** `space`, the one place a line may be broken between words.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   public record Glyph(int advance, int left, int right, int top, int bottom, boolean ink, boolean space)
+   {
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** A face, where its file is, and the bounds a test holds it to.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   private Face(String scene, String file, boolean bold, int widest, int left, int right, int top, int bottom)
+   {
+      this.scene = scene;
+      this.file = file;
+      this.bold = bold;
+      this.widest = widest;
+      this.left = left;
+      this.right = right;
+      this.top = top;
+      this.bottom = bottom;
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** The bundled set: a proportional sans in regular and bold, a condensed bold
+    ** for long values on narrow labels, and a monospace in regular and bold.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   public static List<Face> all()
+   {
+      return (ALL);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** The face a scene names, or null.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   public static Face of(String scene)
+   {
+      for(Face face : ALL)
+      {
+         if(face.scene.equals(scene))
+         {
+            return (face);
+         }
+      }
+      return (null);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** The name a scene writes.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   public String scene()
+   {
+      return (scene);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** The font file, under `/fonts` in the jar.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   public String file()
+   {
+      return (file);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** Whether the strokes are bold. A regular face prints light when small.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   public boolean bold()
+   {
+      return (bold);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** The character with the greatest advance, the lowest when several share it.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   public int widest()
+   {
+      return (widest);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** A character no real one exceeds in any direction: the greatest advance and
+    ** the greatest reach on each side. A line of these is at least as wide and
+    ** as tall as a line of the same number of any characters of the face.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   public Glyph worst()
+   {
+      int advance = glyph(widest).advance();
+      return (new Glyph(advance, -left, advance + right, top, bottom, true, false));
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** The face at a size in dots, for drawing only.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   Font font(float size)
+   {
+      return (reference().deriveFont(size));
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** Height above the baseline that a line reserves.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   public int ascent()
+   {
+      return (Math.round(metrics().getAscent()));
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** Depth below the baseline that a line reserves.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   public int descent()
+   {
+      return (Math.round(metrics().getDescent()));
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** Extra space the face asks for between lines.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   public int leading()
+   {
+      return (Math.round(metrics().getLeading()));
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** The height of a capital letter, which is what legibility is judged by.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   public int capHeight()
+   {
+      return (glyph('H').top());
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** Whether the face can draw a character as one glyph, left to right.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   public boolean draws(int codePoint)
+   {
+      return (codePoint <= Character.MAX_VALUE && !UNDRAWN.contains(Character.getType(codePoint)) && reference().canDisplay(codePoint)
+         && !Font.textRequiresLayout(new char[] {(char) codePoint}, 0, 1));
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** How many characters of a text the face cannot draw.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   public int missing(String text)
+   {
+      return (Math.toIntExact(text.codePoints().filter(codePoint -> !draws(codePoint)).count()));
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** The measurements of one character the face draws.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   public Glyph glyph(int codePoint)
+   {
+      return (glyphs.computeIfAbsent(codePoint, this::measure));
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** The measurements of a text the face draws, one for each character.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   public Glyph[] glyphs(String text)
+   {
+      return (text.codePoints().mapToObj(this::glyph).toArray(Glyph[]::new));
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** Read one character from the face at the reference size.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   private Glyph measure(int codePoint)
+   {
+      GlyphVector vector = reference().createGlyphVector(CONTEXT, new char[] {(char) codePoint});
+      int advance = Math.round(vector.getGlyphMetrics(0).getAdvanceX());
+      Rectangle2D bounds = vector.getGlyphOutline(0).getBounds2D();
+      if(bounds.isEmpty())
+      {
+         return (new Glyph(advance, 0, 0, 0, 0, false, codePoint == ' '));
+      }
+      return (new Glyph(advance, (int) Math.floor(bounds.getMinX()), (int) Math.ceil(bounds.getMaxX()), (int) Math.ceil(-bounds.getMinY()), (int) Math.ceil(bounds.getMaxY()), true, false));
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** The line metrics of the face at the reference size.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   private LineMetrics metrics()
+   {
+      return (reference().getLineMetrics("H", CONTEXT));
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** The face at the reference size, read from the jar the first time.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   private synchronized Font reference()
+   {
+      if(font == null)
+      {
+         font = load("/fonts/" + file);
+      }
+      return (font);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** Read a TrueType file from the jar. A file that is not a font is a broken
+    ** build, not a mistake in a scene, so it is an illegal state.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   static Font load(String resource)
+   {
+      try(InputStream stream = Face.class.getResourceAsStream(resource))
+      {
+         return (Font.createFont(Font.TRUETYPE_FONT, stream).deriveFont((float) REFERENCE));
+      }
+      catch(IOException | FontFormatException broken)
+      {
+         throw new IllegalStateException("BUNDLED_FONT_UNREADABLE", broken);
+      }
+   }
+}

renderer/src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/renderer/scene2/text/TextElement.java

@@ -0,0 +1,565 @@
+/*
+ * QQQ - Low-code Application Framework for Engineers.
+ * Copyright (C) 2021-2025.  Kingsrook, LLC
+ * 651 N Broad St Ste 205 # 6917 | Middletown DE 19709 | United States
+ * contact@kingsrook.com
+ * https://github.com/Kingsrook/
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.kingsrook.qbits.renderer.scene2.text;
+
+
+import java.math.BigDecimal;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.WeakHashMap;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonNode;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.node.JsonNodeFactory;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.renderer.RenderInput;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.renderer.scene2.Canvas;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.renderer.scene2.Diagnostics;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.renderer.scene2.ElementSource;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.renderer.scene2.Frame;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.renderer.scene2.Layout;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.renderer.scene2.Length;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.renderer.scene2.Placement;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.renderer.scene2.SceneElement;
+
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ ** A `text` element: one value in one bundled face, measured before it is
+ ** drawn, placed in its box by `align` and `valign`, and fitted by the rule the
+ ** element states (`TextFit`). The value is a literal (`value`) or is read from
+ ** the record by a JSON pointer (`valuePath`).
+ **
+ ** Every refusal names the element and carries numbers only: a width, a line
+ ** count, a size, a count of characters. The value itself never enters a
+ ** diagnostic or an exception.
+ **
+ ** A bound value is not known when a scene is validated, so validation reads no
+ ** record. With `maxLength` it proves instead that the longest value fits whole:
+ ** that many of the face's widest character, each taken to reach as far in
+ ** every direction as the furthest-reaching character of the face. The proof
+ ** never cuts. When it fails the scene is refused, unless the element asked for
+ ** cutting: then the scene stands, with the warning `FIT_NOT_PROVEN` and the
+ ** longest length that is proven. Without `maxLength` it warns `FIT_NOT_PROVEN`
+ ** with no number. When rendering, a value longer than `maxLength` is refused
+ ** before any layout.
+ **
+ ** The text of one scene is held to a stated amount of work (`SCENE_WORK_STEPS`):
+ ** every character visited while fitting counts one step, every character of
+ ** a text that is to be drawn counts `TextRaster.PEN_STEPS`, and every glyph
+ ** the scene draws for the first time at a size, which the runtime must
+ ** rasterise, counts `TextRaster.GLYPH_STEPS`. A scene that passes it is
+ ** refused by name at the element that did, and so is every text after it.
+ ** The count is integer arithmetic, the same on every machine, and the same
+ ** whether the scene is validated or rendered.
+ *******************************************************************************/
+final class TextElement implements SceneElement
+{
+   static final int MAXIMUM_CHARACTERS = 1024;
+   static final int MAXIMUM_LINES = 64;
+   static final int MINIMUM_MILLIPOINTS = 1000;
+   static final int MAXIMUM_MILLIPOINTS = 1_000_000;
+   static final int DEFAULT_FLOOR_PERCENT = 70;
+   static final int DEFAULT_FLOOR_MILLIPOINTS = 5000;
+   static final int DEFAULT_THRESHOLD = 128;
+   /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+   // capital heights in dots below which thermal print is hard to read: any face under 12 (about //
+   // 6 pt at 203 dpi), a regular weight under 20 (about 10 pt at 203 dpi). Starting values, to  //
+   // be confirmed on the printed specimen                                                        //
+   /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+   static final int SMALL_CAPITAL_DOTS = 12;
+   static final int LIGHT_CAPITAL_DOTS = 20;
+   /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+   // the work the text of one scene may take, in steps. A value of forty characters costs     //
+   // about a hundred thousand at a size its scene has not drawn, nearly all of it for the     //
+   // glyphs the runtime must rasterise, and under two thousand at a size it has. The          //
+   // allowance is fifteen thousand glyphs rasterised, or three thousand fits of the longest   //
+   // value over the widest range of sizes: about a second of the worker, where one hostile    //
+   // scene took minutes                                                                        //
+   /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+   static final int SCENE_WORK_STEPS = 64_000_000;
+
+   private static final Set<String> FIT = Set.of("maxLines", "shrinkTo", "overflow");
+
+   /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+   // the work of each scene, by the collector of its one render or validation, which is all a //
+   // text element is given that belongs to the scene; it is forgotten with the collector       //
+   /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+   private static final Map<Diagnostics, Scene> SCENES = Collections.synchronizedMap(new WeakHashMap<>());
+
+   private final String id;
+   private final Placement placement;
+   private final int rotation;
+   private final boolean reverse;
+   private final Face face;
+   private final int size;
+   private final int floor;
+   private final Integer lineHeight;
+   private final int maxLines;
+   private final boolean truncate;
+   private final Integer maxLength;
+   private final int threshold;
+   private final String value;
+   private final String path;
+   private Composed composed;
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** What the text of one scene has cost so far: the steps counted, and the
+    ** glyphs it has drawn, each a face, a size and a character in one number.
+    ** There are never more of those than the steps allow.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   private record Scene(TextFit.Work work, Set<Long> glyphs)
+   {
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** What `check` composed, kept for the `paint` of the same pass, so a text
+    ** is fitted once.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   private record Composed(Frame frame, RenderInput input, Diagnostics diagnostics, TextRaster.Drawing drawing)
+   {
+      /************************************************************************
+       ** Whether this is the answer for the same box of the same pass.
+       ************************************************************************/
+      boolean of(Frame other, RenderInput request, Diagnostics collector)
+      {
+         return (frame.equals(other) && input == request && diagnostics == collector);
+      }
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** Read the element. A property that is not what the schema says is
+    ** `SCENE_INVALID` at that property, a member of `fit` at that member; a
+    ** member `fit` does not have is reported at `fit`, since only names the
+    ** schema declares leave the renderer. A face this renderer does not bundle
+    ** is `FONT_UNKNOWN`.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   TextElement(ElementSource source)
+   {
+      id = source.id();
+      placement = source.placement();
+      rotation = source.rotation();
+      reverse = source.flag("reverse", false);
+      JsonNode font = source.value("font");
+      if(font == null || !font.isTextual())
+      {
+         throw source.invalid("font");
+      }
+      face = Face.of(font.textValue());
+      if(face == null)
+      {
+         throw source.refuse("FONT_UNKNOWN", "font");
+      }
+      Length stated = source.length("size", null, ElementSource.PHYSICAL);
+      size = stated == null ? 0 : milliPoints(stated);
+      if(size < MINIMUM_MILLIPOINTS || size > MAXIMUM_MILLIPOINTS)
+      {
+         throw source.invalid("size");
+      }
+      lineHeight = lineHeight(source);
+      threshold = integer(source, "threshold", source.value("threshold"), 1, 254, DEFAULT_THRESHOLD);
+      maxLength = source.value("maxLength") == null ? null : Integer.valueOf(integer(source, "maxLength", source.value("maxLength"), 1, MAXIMUM_CHARACTERS, 0));
+      JsonNode fit = source.value("fit") == null ? JsonNodeFactory.instance.objectNode() : source.value("fit");
+      if(!fit.isObject() || fit.properties().stream().anyMatch(property -> !FIT.contains(property.getKey())))
+      {
+         throw source.invalid("fit");
+      }
+      maxLines = integer(source, "fit/maxLines", fit.get("maxLines"), 1, MAXIMUM_LINES, 1);
+      floor = floor(source, fit.get("shrinkTo"));
+      String overflow = fit.has("overflow") ? fit.get("overflow").textValue() : "refuse";
+      if(!"refuse".equals(overflow) && !"truncate".equals(overflow))
+      {
+         throw source.invalid("fit/overflow");
+      }
+      truncate = "truncate".equals(overflow);
+      JsonNode literal = source.value("value");
+      JsonNode pointer = source.value("valuePath");
+      if((literal == null) == (pointer == null))
+      {
+         throw source.invalid("value");
+      }
+      if(literal != null && (!literal.isTextual() || literal.textValue().codePointCount(0, literal.textValue().length()) > MAXIMUM_CHARACTERS))
+      {
+         throw source.invalid("value");
+      }
+      if(pointer != null && (!pointer.isTextual() || pointer.textValue().length() > 256 || !pointer.textValue().startsWith("/")))
+      {
+         throw source.invalid("valuePath");
+      }
+      value = literal == null ? null : literal.textValue();
+      path = pointer == null ? null : pointer.textValue();
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** A type size in thousandths of a point. A point is a 72nd of an inch and an
+    ** inch is 25400 micrometres, so a micrometre is 360/127 of a millipoint.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   private static int milliPoints(Length length)
+   {
+      long thousandths = length.thousandths();
+      return (Math.toIntExact(switch(length.unit())
+      {
+         case IN -> thousandths * 72;
+         case MM -> Math.floorDiv(thousandths * 360 + 63, 127);
+         default -> thousandths;
+      }));
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** A whole number in a range, or the fallback when the scene states none.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   private static int integer(ElementSource source, String name, JsonNode stated, int minimum, int maximum, int fallback)
+   {
+      if(stated == null)
+      {
+         return (fallback);
+      }
+      if(!stated.isIntegralNumber() || !stated.canConvertToInt() || stated.intValue() < minimum || stated.intValue() > maximum)
+      {
+         throw source.invalid(name);
+      }
+      return (stated.intValue());
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** The distance between baselines as a multiple of the size, in thousandths:
+    ** a number from 0.5 to 5 with at most three decimals. Null is the face's own.
+    ** A number too large to be a number at all (`1e400`) is refused like any
+    ** other, not left to fail as arithmetic.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   private static Integer lineHeight(ElementSource source)
+   {
+      JsonNode stated = source.value("lineHeight");
+      if(stated == null)
+      {
+         return (null);
+      }
+      BigDecimal thousandths = stated.isNumber() && Double.isFinite(stated.doubleValue()) ? stated.decimalValue().movePointRight(3) : BigDecimal.ZERO;
+      if(thousandths.stripTrailingZeros().scale() > 0 || thousandths.compareTo(BigDecimal.valueOf(500)) < 0 || thousandths.compareTo(BigDecimal.valueOf(5000)) > 0)
+      {
+         throw source.invalid("lineHeight");
+      }
+      return (thousandths.intValueExact());
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** The smallest size the text may be reduced to. Stated, it is a physical
+    ** length from one point up to the size. Otherwise it is 70% of the size and
+    ** not below 5 pt, or the size itself when that is smaller still.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   private int floor(ElementSource source, JsonNode stated)
+   {
+      if(stated == null)
+      {
+         return (Math.min(size, Math.max(size * DEFAULT_FLOOR_PERCENT / 100, DEFAULT_FLOOR_MILLIPOINTS)));
+      }
+      try
+      {
+         Length length = Length.parse(stated.textValue());
+         if(length.physical() && milliPoints(length) >= MINIMUM_MILLIPOINTS && milliPoints(length) <= size)
+         {
+            return (milliPoints(length));
+         }
+      }
+      catch(IllegalArgumentException expected)
+      {
+         // Refused below, at the property; the cause holds nothing more.
+      }
+      throw source.invalid("fit/shrinkTo");
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** The id the scene declares for the text.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   @Override
+   public String id()
+   {
+      return (id);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** The element's box, by the standing rules.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   @Override
+   public Frame place(Layout layout)
+   {
+      return (layout.place(placement));
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** Everything that can refuse the text, with no ink: run when a scene is
+    ** validated and before it is painted. What it composed is kept for the
+    ** paint that follows.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   @Override
+   public void check(Frame frame, RenderInput input, Diagnostics diagnostics)
+   {
+      composed = null;
+      composed = new Composed(frame, input, diagnostics, compose(frame, input, diagnostics));
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** Reverse text paints its box and then clears its letters, so it is counted
+    ** twice against what one scene may paint.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   @Override
+   public long paintedDots(Frame frame, int dpi)
+   {
+      return ((reverse ? 2L : 1L) * frame.width() * frame.height());
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** Draw the text as `check` fitted it, or not at all: a text whose ink the
+    ** rasteriser put outside what was measured is refused and leaves the label
+    ** as it was. Reverse text is white letters on its own box filled black.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   @Override
+   public void paint(Canvas canvas, Frame frame, RenderInput input, Diagnostics diagnostics)
+   {
+      Composed checked = composed;
+      composed = null;
+      TextRaster.Drawing drawing = checked != null && checked.of(frame, input, diagnostics) ? checked.drawing() : compose(frame, input, diagnostics);
+      measured(diagnostics, id, frame, TextRaster.paint(canvas, frame, drawing, TextRaster.BAND_DOTS), drawing.block().milliPoints());
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** Refuse a text whose ink is not where it was measured: the element, by
+    ** name, with how many glyphs and dots strayed and at what size. The label
+    ** holds none of it.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   static void measured(Diagnostics diagnostics, String id, Frame frame, TextRaster.Stray stray, int milliPoints)
+   {
+      if(stray.any())
+      {
+         throw diagnostics.refuse("TEXT_DOES_NOT_FIT", id, null, frame, Map.of("glyphsOutsideMeasure", stray.glyphs(), "dotsOutsideMeasure", stray.dots(), "sizeCentipoints", milliPoints / 10),
+            Map.of("glyphsOutsideMeasure", 0, "dotsOutsideMeasure", 0));
+      }
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** Compose the text within the work its scene may take, or refuse the
+    ** element by name with the steps counted against the steps allowed.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   private TextRaster.Drawing compose(Frame frame, RenderInput input, Diagnostics diagnostics)
+   {
+      Scene scene = SCENES.computeIfAbsent(diagnostics, collector -> new Scene(new TextFit.Work(SCENE_WORK_STEPS), new HashSet<>()));
+      try
+      {
+         return (compose(frame, input, diagnostics, scene));
+      }
+      catch(TextFit.Exhausted exhausted)
+      {
+         throw diagnostics.refuse("SCENE_INVALID", id, diagnostics.pointer(id), frame, Map.of("textWorkSteps", Math.toIntExact(Math.min(scene.work().spent(), Integer.MAX_VALUE))), Map.of("textWorkSteps", SCENE_WORK_STEPS));
+      }
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** Resolve the value, hold it to its length and to the face, and fit it. The
+    ** answer is what to draw, or null when a bound value is only being
+    ** validated. A text that is only validated is also held to what the
+    ** rasteriser would do with it, glyph by glyph, with no ink.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   private TextRaster.Drawing compose(Frame frame, RenderInput input, Diagnostics diagnostics, Scene scene)
+   {
+      TextFit.Work work = scene.work();
+      int reserved = input.reservedAssetNames().size();
+      if(reserved > 0)
+      {
+         throw diagnostics.refuse("RESERVED_FONT_NAME", id, null, frame, Map.of("reservedAssets", reserved), Map.of("reservedAssets", 0));
+      }
+      int dpi = input.targetDpi == null ? input.stock.dpi() : input.targetDpi;
+      boolean upright = rotation % 180 == 0;
+      boolean validate = "VALIDATE".equals(input.operation);
+      TextFit.Request request = new TextFit.Request(face, upright ? frame.width() : frame.height(), upright ? frame.height() : frame.width(), dpi, size, floor, lineHeight, maxLines, truncate);
+      if(path != null && maxLength == null)
+      {
+         diagnostics.warn("FIT_NOT_PROVEN", id, null, frame, null, null);
+      }
+      if(path != null && validate)
+      {
+         legibility(maxLength == null ? size : proven(request, frame, diagnostics, work), dpi, frame, diagnostics);
+         return (null);
+      }
+      String text = path == null ? value : bound(input.context.at(path), frame, diagnostics);
+      int characters = text.codePointCount(0, text.length());
+      int longest = maxLength == null ? MAXIMUM_CHARACTERS : maxLength;
+      if(characters > longest)
+      {
+         throw diagnostics.refuse("VALUE_TOO_LONG", id, null, frame, Map.of("characters", characters), Map.of("characters", longest));
+      }
+      int missing = face.missing(text);
+      if(missing > 0)
+      {
+         throw diagnostics.refuse("FONT_MISSING_GLYPH", id, null, frame, Map.of("missingGlyphs", missing, "characters", characters), Map.of("missingGlyphs", 0));
+      }
+      TextFit.Block block = fitted(request, face.glyphs(text), frame, diagnostics, work);
+      long drawn = (long) Face.all().indexOf(face) << 48 | (long) block.milliPoints() << 16;
+      long fresh = text.codePoints().filter(codePoint -> scene.glyphs().add(drawn | codePoint)).count();
+      work.spend(fresh * TextRaster.GLYPH_STEPS + (long) characters * TextRaster.PEN_STEPS);
+      if(block.milliPoints() < size)
+      {
+         diagnostics.inform("TEXT_SHRUNK", id, null, frame, Map.of("sizeCentipoints", block.milliPoints() / 10), Map.of("sizeCentipoints", size / 10, "floorCentipoints", floor / 10));
+      }
+      if(block.lines().size() > 1)
+      {
+         diagnostics.inform("TEXT_WRAPPED", id, null, frame, Map.of("lines", block.lines().size()), Map.of("lines", maxLines));
+      }
+      if(block.truncated())
+      {
+         diagnostics.warn("TEXT_TRUNCATED", id, null, frame, Map.of("characters", block.characters(), "shownCharacters", block.shown(), "lines", block.lines().size()), Map.of("lines", maxLines));
+      }
+      legibility(block.milliPoints(), dpi, frame, diagnostics);
+      TextRaster.Drawing drawing = new TextRaster.Drawing(face, text, block, placement.align(), placement.valign(), rotation, threshold, !reverse);
+      measured(diagnostics, id, frame, new TextRaster.Stray(validate ? TextRaster.outside(drawing, dpi) : 0, 0), block.milliPoints());
+      return (drawing);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** The value the record holds at the element's pointer, as it is printed.
+    ** Text is printed as it is and a truth value as `true` or `false`. A number
+    ** is printed in plain decimal digits, as the schema says: no exponent, and
+    ** no fraction that is only zeros, so `1.0E10` prints `10000000000`, `2.50`
+    ** prints `2.5` and `12.0` prints `12`. Anything else, a number that is not
+    ** finite among them, is `VALUE_MISSING`.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   private String bound(JsonNode bound, Frame frame, Diagnostics diagnostics)
+   {
+      if(bound.isTextual() || bound.isBoolean())
+      {
+         return (bound.asText());
+      }
+      if(bound.isIntegralNumber())
+      {
+         return (bound.bigIntegerValue().toString());
+      }
+      if(bound.isNumber() && Double.isFinite(bound.doubleValue()))
+      {
+         return (BigDecimal.valueOf(bound.doubleValue()).stripTrailingZeros().toPlainString());
+      }
+      throw diagnostics.refuse("VALUE_MISSING", id, null, frame, null, null);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** Prove that the longest value fits whole, and answer the size it is
+    ** proven at, which is the smallest any value is printed at. The proof never
+    ** cuts: a cut value is not a value that fits. When it fails, an element
+    ** that did not ask for cutting is refused; one that did stands, since
+    ** cutting is what its author chose, with a warning that says how many
+    ** characters are proven to fit whole. Fewer characters never fit worse, so
+    ** that number is found by halving. The size is then the floor, where a cut
+    ** value is printed.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   private int proven(TextFit.Request request, Frame frame, Diagnostics diagnostics, TextFit.Work work)
+   {
+      TextFit.Request whole = new TextFit.Request(face, request.width(), request.height(), request.dpi(), size, floor, lineHeight, maxLines, false);
+      Face.Glyph[] worst = new Face.Glyph[maxLength];
+      Arrays.fill(worst, face.worst());
+      TextFit.Block proof = truncate ? TextFit.fit(whole, worst, null, work) : fitted(whole, worst, frame, diagnostics, work);
+      if(!proof.fits())
+      {
+         int low = 0;
+         int high = maxLength - 1;
+         while(low < high)
+         {
+            int middle = (low + high + 1) >>> 1;
+            if(TextFit.fit(whole, Arrays.copyOf(worst, middle), null, work).fits())
+            {
+               low = middle;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+               high = middle - 1;
+            }
+         }
+         diagnostics.warn("FIT_NOT_PROVEN", id, null, frame, Map.of("provenCharacters", low), Map.of("characters", maxLength));
+      }
+      return (proof.milliPoints());
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** Fit, or refuse with what was measured at the floor size against the box.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   private TextFit.Block fitted(TextFit.Request request, Face.Glyph[] glyphs, Frame frame, Diagnostics diagnostics, TextFit.Work work)
+   {
+      TextFit.Block block = TextFit.fit(request, glyphs, face.glyph(TextFit.MARK), work);
+      if(!block.fits())
+      {
+         throw diagnostics.refuse("TEXT_DOES_NOT_FIT", id, null, frame,
+            Map.of("widthDots", block.width(), "heightDots", block.height(), "lines", block.lines().size(), "sizeCentipoints", block.milliPoints() / 10, "characters", block.characters()),
+            Map.of("widthDots", request.width(), "heightDots", request.height(), "lines", maxLines));
+      }
+      return (block);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** Warn when the type is small for the printer: any face whose capitals are
+    ** under 12 dots, and a regular weight whose capitals are under 20.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   private void legibility(int milliPoints, int dpi, Frame frame, Diagnostics diagnostics)
+   {
+      int capitals = new TextFit.Scale(milliPoints, dpi).floor(face.capHeight());
+      if(capitals < SMALL_CAPITAL_DOTS)
+      {
+         diagnostics.warn("TEXT_SMALL_FOR_DPI", id, null, frame, Map.of("capHeightDots", capitals, "sizeCentipoints", milliPoints / 10), Map.of("capHeightDots", SMALL_CAPITAL_DOTS));
+      }
+      if(!face.bold() && capitals < LIGHT_CAPITAL_DOTS)
+      {
+         diagnostics.warn("TEXT_LIGHT_FACE", id, null, frame, Map.of("capHeightDots", capitals, "sizeCentipoints", milliPoints / 10), Map.of("capHeightDots", LIGHT_CAPITAL_DOTS));
+      }
+   }
+}

renderer/src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/renderer/scene2/text/TextFactory.java

@@ -25,22 +25,18 @@ import java.util.Set;
 import com.kingsrook.qbits.renderer.scene2.ElementFactory;
 import com.kingsrook.qbits.renderer.scene2.ElementSource;
 import com.kingsrook.qbits.renderer.scene2.SceneElement;
-import com.kingsrook.qbits.renderer.scene2.UnavailableElement;
 
 
 /*******************************************************************************
- ** Text: a TrueType face rasterised by the renderer, with size, fit and legibility
- ** rules.
- **
- ** This is the placeholder of the scene 2 core: a `text` element is parsed and
- ** placed, then refused as `RENDERER_TOO_OLD`. The package that draws it
- ** replaces this class and nothing else.
+ ** Text: a TrueType face bundled with the renderer, rasterised by it, with
+ ** size, fit and legibility rules. Version 2 has no printer font: a face the
+ ** renderer cannot measure can be neither fitted nor previewed truthfully.
  *******************************************************************************/
 public final class TextFactory implements ElementFactory
 {
    /***************************************************************************
-    ** The property names the design gives a `text` element. Their values are
-    ** not read yet.
+    ** The properties of a `text` element beyond the common ones. `font` and
+    ** `size` may come from the scene's `defaults`.
     ***************************************************************************/
    @Override
    public Set<String> properties()
@@ -51,11 +47,11 @@ public final class TextFactory implements ElementFactory
 
 
    /***************************************************************************
-    ** The element, placed and then refused by name.
+    ** Build one text element.
     ***************************************************************************/
    @Override
    public SceneElement create(ElementSource source)
    {
-      return (new UnavailableElement(source));
+      return (new TextElement(source));
    }
 }

renderer/src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/renderer/scene2/text/TextFit.java

@@ -0,0 +1,661 @@
+/*
+ * QQQ - Low-code Application Framework for Engineers.
+ * Copyright (C) 2021-2025.  Kingsrook, LLC
+ * 651 N Broad St Ste 205 # 6917 | Middletown DE 19709 | United States
+ * contact@kingsrook.com
+ * https://github.com/Kingsrook/
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.kingsrook.qbits.renderer.scene2.text;
+
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.renderer.scene2.text.Face.Glyph;
+
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ ** Measurement and fit of one text in one box, in whole dots, by integer
+ ** arithmetic on the face's own numbers. Nothing is drawn here, and what is
+ ** drawn later is drawn from this answer: the pen position of every character
+ ** and the box of every line are decided once.
+ **
+ ** The order is fixed. Lay the text out at the nominal size within the allowed
+ ** lines. If it does not fit, take the largest size, in steps of a quarter of
+ ** a point down to the floor, at which it does. If none does, the text is
+ ** refused, or, only when the element asked for it, cut at a character and
+ ** ended with an ellipsis at the floor size.
+ **
+ ** The answer is the one a search of every step from the nominal size down
+ ** gives, and is found without making it. A count that errs only toward yes
+ ** (`possible`) says whether a size could hold the text; it never says no to a
+ ** size that fits and never says yes to a larger size after no to a smaller,
+ ** so the largest size it allows is found by halving, and no size above that
+ ** one fits. From there the steps are laid out one by one as before; the count
+ ** is within a few dots of the layout, so they are few. When one line at the
+ ** floor is higher than the box, no size fits and none is searched.
+ **
+ ** Every character visited is counted against the `Work` the caller gives, so
+ ** a caller can hold all the fitting of one scene to a stated amount.
+ **
+ ** At each size a line is first broken between words only. If that does not
+ ** fit, it is broken at any character. So a value with no spaces wraps, a
+ ** sentence keeps its words while it can, and a larger size is preferred to
+ ** whole words. Breaking at any character is also what makes a length provable:
+ ** a text of n characters needs no more lines than n of the face's widest.
+ **
+ ** A line's box is its pen advance, widened to hold the ink of every character
+ ** in it (a `j` that starts left of the pen, an accent above the ascent) plus
+ ** `SLOP` dots on each inked side. The drawn glyph is the font's outline fitted
+ ** to the dot grid by the rasteriser, which moves an edge by less than two dots
+ ** from the outline scaled exactly; the slop is that allowance, and a test
+ ** holds every character of every bundled face to it.
+ *******************************************************************************/
+public final class TextFit
+{
+   public static final int SLOP = 2;
+   public static final int STEP_MILLIPOINTS = 250;
+   public static final int MARK = 0x2026;
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** Utility class.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   private TextFit()
+   {
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** What is asked: a face, a box in dots as the text reads (before any
+    ** rotation), the resolution, the nominal size and the floor in thousandths
+    ** of a point, the line pitch in thousandths of the size (null for the
+    ** face's own), the most lines, and whether a text that fits at no size is
+    ** cut short rather than refused.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   public record Request(Face face, int width, int height, int dpi, int nominal, int floor, Integer lineHeight, int maxLines, boolean truncate)
+   {
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** One line: the characters `from` to `to` of the text, followed by the
+    ** ellipsis when `marked`. `left` (never positive) and `right` are the sides
+    ** of its box measured from the pen at the start of the line; `above` and
+    ** `below` are how far its ink reaches from the baseline.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   public record Line(int from, int to, boolean marked, int left, int right, int above, int below)
+   {
+      /************************************************************************
+       ** The width of the line's box.
+       ************************************************************************/
+      public int width()
+      {
+         return (right - left);
+      }
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** The answer: the size chosen, the lines, the size of the block they make,
+    ** the baseline of the first line from the top of the block, the distance
+    ** between baselines, how many characters there were (trailing spaces never
+    ** print and are not counted), how many are shown, and whether it fits. When
+    ** it does not, the numbers are those of the text broken at any character at
+    ** the floor size, which is what a refusal reports.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   public record Block(int milliPoints, List<Line> lines, int width, int height, int baseline, int pitch, int characters, int shown, boolean fits)
+   {
+      /************************************************************************
+       ** Whether the text was cut short.
+       ************************************************************************/
+      public boolean truncated()
+      {
+         return (shown < characters);
+      }
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** Dots from thousandths of the em at one size and resolution. A size of
+    ** `milliPoints` is `milliPoints * dpi / 72000` dots to the em, so a length
+    ** of `units` is `units * milliPoints * dpi / 72000000` dots, rounded as the
+    ** use says. The products stay far inside a long.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   public record Scale(int milliPoints, int dpi)
+   {
+      private static final long DIVISOR = 72_000_000L;
+
+
+
+      /************************************************************************
+       ** Rounded down.
+       ************************************************************************/
+      public int floor(long units)
+      {
+         return (Math.toIntExact(Math.floorDiv(units * milliPoints * dpi, DIVISOR)));
+      }
+
+
+
+      /************************************************************************
+       ** Rounded up.
+       ************************************************************************/
+      public int ceil(long units)
+      {
+         return (-floor(-units));
+      }
+
+
+
+      /************************************************************************
+       ** To the nearest dot, a half upward.
+       ************************************************************************/
+      public int round(long units)
+      {
+         return (Math.toIntExact(Math.floorDiv(units * milliPoints * dpi + DIVISOR / 2, DIVISOR)));
+      }
+
+
+
+      /************************************************************************
+       ** The size of the em in dots, for the font that draws.
+       ************************************************************************/
+      public float size()
+      {
+         return ((float) ((double) milliPoints * dpi / 72_000));
+      }
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** The work fitting may do, in characters visited, shared by as many fits
+    ** as the caller wants held to one amount. It is counted by integer
+    ** arithmetic alone, so it is the same on every machine.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   public static final class Work
+   {
+      private final long limit;
+      private long spent;
+
+
+
+      /************************************************************************
+       ** An allowance of this many steps.
+       ************************************************************************/
+      public Work(long limit)
+      {
+         this.limit = limit;
+      }
+
+
+
+      /************************************************************************
+       ** Count steps, and end the work when the allowance is passed. It stays
+       ** passed: whatever is asked next ends at once.
+       ************************************************************************/
+      public void spend(long steps)
+      {
+         spent += steps;
+         if(spent > limit)
+         {
+            throw new Exhausted();
+         }
+      }
+
+
+
+      /************************************************************************
+       ** The steps counted so far.
+       ************************************************************************/
+      public long spent()
+      {
+         return (spent);
+      }
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** The allowance of a `Work` was passed. It says nothing else: what was
+    ** being fitted is not in it.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   public static final class Exhausted extends RuntimeException
+   {
+      private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+
+
+      /************************************************************************
+       ** No message beyond the name, no cause and no stack.
+       ************************************************************************/
+      Exhausted()
+      {
+         super("TEXT_WORK_EXHAUSTED", null, false, false);
+      }
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** What a line reserves, in thousandths of the em, read from the face once
+    ** for a fit: the ascent above the baseline, the descent below it, and the
+    ** distance between baselines.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   record Leading(int ascent, int descent, int pitch)
+   {
+      /************************************************************************
+       ** The face's own, with the line height the request states if it does.
+       ************************************************************************/
+      static Leading of(Request request)
+      {
+         Face face = request.face();
+         return (new Leading(face.ascent(), face.descent(), request.lineHeight() == null ? face.ascent() + face.descent() + face.leading() : request.lineHeight()));
+      }
+
+
+
+      /************************************************************************
+       ** The distance between baselines in dots, never less than one.
+       ************************************************************************/
+      int pitch(Scale scale)
+      {
+         return (Math.max(1, scale.ceil(pitch)));
+      }
+
+
+
+      /************************************************************************
+       ** The least a block of this many lines is high: one ascent, the pitches
+       ** between and one descent. Ink that reaches further makes it higher.
+       ************************************************************************/
+      int height(Scale scale, int lines)
+      {
+         return (scale.ceil(ascent) + (lines - 1) * pitch(scale) + scale.ceil(descent));
+      }
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** The box of a line as characters are added to it from the left.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   private static final class Extent
+   {
+      private final Scale scale;
+      private long units;
+      private int left;
+      private int right;
+      private int above;
+      private int below;
+
+
+
+      /************************************************************************
+       ** An empty line at one size.
+       ************************************************************************/
+      Extent(Scale scale)
+      {
+         this.scale = scale;
+      }
+
+
+
+      /************************************************************************
+       ** Add the next character at the pen. A space moves the pen and widens
+       ** nothing, so spaces at the end of a line take no room.
+       ************************************************************************/
+      void add(Glyph glyph)
+      {
+         int pen = scale.round(units);
+         units += glyph.advance();
+         if(!glyph.space())
+         {
+            right = Math.max(right, scale.ceil(units));
+         }
+         if(glyph.ink())
+         {
+            left = Math.min(left, pen + scale.floor(glyph.left()) - SLOP);
+            right = Math.max(right, pen + scale.ceil(glyph.right()) + SLOP);
+            above = Math.max(above, scale.ceil(glyph.top()) + SLOP);
+            below = Math.max(below, scale.ceil(glyph.bottom()) + SLOP);
+         }
+      }
+
+
+
+      /************************************************************************
+       ** The width of the box so far.
+       ************************************************************************/
+      int width()
+      {
+         return (right - left);
+      }
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** Fit a text, given as the measurements of its characters, by the fixed
+    ** order, with no limit on the work. `mark` is the face's ellipsis, used
+    ** only when the request allows cutting.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   public static Block fit(Request request, Glyph[] glyphs, Glyph mark)
+   {
+      return (fit(request, glyphs, mark, new Work(Long.MAX_VALUE)));
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** Fit a text by the fixed order, counting the work against an allowance
+    ** and ending as `Exhausted` when it is passed. The floor is never above
+    ** the nominal size and no character has a negative advance.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   public static Block fit(Request request, Glyph[] glyphs, Glyph mark, Work work)
+   {
+      int count = glyphs.length;
+      while(count > 0 && glyphs[count - 1].space())
+      {
+         count--;
+      }
+      Leading leading = Leading.of(request);
+      int last = (request.nominal() - request.floor() + STEP_MILLIPOINTS - 1) / STEP_MILLIPOINTS;
+      Block block = at(request, leading, request.nominal(), glyphs, count, mark, work);
+      int step = block.fits() || last == 0 ? last + 1 : first(request, leading, glyphs, count, last, work);
+      while(step <= last)
+      {
+         block = at(request, leading, size(request, step), glyphs, count, mark, work);
+         step = block.fits() ? last + 1 : step + 1;
+      }
+      return (block);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** The size a number of quarter-point steps below the nominal, which is the
+    ** floor once the steps reach it.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   private static int size(Request request, int step)
+   {
+      return (Math.max(request.floor(), request.nominal() - step * STEP_MILLIPOINTS));
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** The answer at one size: the text broken between words if that fits, else
+    ** broken at any character; and at the floor, when that does not fit either
+    ** and the request allows it, cut. This is one step of the search of every
+    ** size, which a test makes in full to hold `fit` to it.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   static Block at(Request request, Leading leading, int size, Glyph[] glyphs, int count, Glyph mark, Work work)
+   {
+      Scale scale = new Scale(size, request.dpi());
+      Block words = block(request, leading, scale, lines(request, scale, glyphs, count, true, work), count, count);
+      if(words.fits())
+      {
+         return (words);
+      }
+      Block characters = block(request, leading, scale, lines(request, scale, glyphs, count, false, work), count, count);
+      return (characters.fits() || size > request.floor() || !request.truncate() ? characters : cut(request, leading, scale, glyphs, mark, characters, work));
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** The fewest steps below the nominal, from one, at which the text could
+    ** fit; `last`, the floor, when it could at none above it. No size above the
+    ** answer fits, because `possible` never refuses a size that fits and, once
+    ** it allows a size, allows every smaller one. One line at the floor higher
+    ** than the box settles it for every text without a count.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   private static int first(Request request, Leading leading, Glyph[] glyphs, int count, int last, Work work)
+   {
+      if(leading.height(new Scale(request.floor(), request.dpi()), 1) > request.height())
+      {
+         return (last);
+      }
+      int low = 1;
+      int high = last;
+      while(low < high)
+      {
+         int middle = (low + high) >>> 1;
+         if(possible(request, leading, new Scale(size(request, middle), request.dpi()), glyphs, count, work))
+         {
+            high = middle;
+         }
+         else
+         {
+            low = middle + 1;
+         }
+      }
+      return (low);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** Whether a text could fit at one size, erring only toward yes. Lines are
+    ** filled at any character, each held to a width no layout of it can be
+    ** under: its advance to the end of its last character that is not a space,
+    ** or, when wider, the span of its ink scaled exactly and the allowance at
+    ** both ends less the one dot two roundings can give back. A line of a real
+    ** layout, by words or by characters, is never narrower than this, and a
+    ** line that holds more is never narrower than one that holds less, so no
+    ** layout has fewer lines than are counted here; and a block is never lower
+    ** than its lines' ascent, pitches and descent. Every one of these numbers
+    ** grows with the size, so a yes at one size is a yes at every smaller one.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   private static boolean possible(Request request, Leading leading, Scale scale, Glyph[] glyphs, int count, Work work)
+   {
+      work.spend(count);
+      int lines = 0;
+      int index = 0;
+      while(index < count)
+      {
+         lines++;
+         if(lines > request.maxLines() || leading.height(scale, lines) > request.height())
+         {
+            return (false);
+         }
+         int from = index;
+         long units = 0;
+         long end = 0;
+         long reach = Long.MIN_VALUE;
+         long lead = Long.MAX_VALUE;
+         while(index < count)
+         {
+            Glyph glyph = glyphs[index];
+            long after = units + glyph.advance();
+            long ended = glyph.space() ? end : after;
+            long reached = glyph.ink() ? Math.max(reach, units + glyph.right()) : reach;
+            long led = glyph.ink() ? Math.min(lead, units + glyph.left()) : lead;
+            int width = Math.max(scale.ceil(ended), reached < led ? 0 : scale.ceil(reached - led) + 2 * SLOP - 1);
+            if(width > request.width() && index > from)
+            {
+               break;
+            }
+            if(width > request.width())
+            {
+               return (false);
+            }
+            units = after;
+            end = ended;
+            reach = reached;
+            lead = led;
+            index++;
+         }
+      }
+      return (true);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** Break a text into lines at one size, between words or at any character.
+    ** Spaces where a line is broken are dropped. A line is measured twice, to
+    ** find its end and to box it, and is counted so.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   private static List<Line> lines(Request request, Scale scale, Glyph[] glyphs, int count, boolean words, Work work)
+   {
+      List<Line> lines = new ArrayList<>();
+      int from = 0;
+      while(from < count)
+      {
+         int to = end(request, scale, glyphs, from, count, words);
+         work.spend(2L * (to - from) + 1);
+         lines.add(line(scale, glyphs, from, to, null));
+         from = to;
+         while(from < count && glyphs[from].space())
+         {
+            from++;
+         }
+      }
+      return (lines);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** Where the line that starts at `from` ends: after the last word, or the
+    ** last character, that still fits the width. The first one is taken even
+    ** when it is too wide, so the line is then wider than the box and the
+    ** layout does not fit. Broken at any character, a line may end after a
+    ** space, which takes no room; so spaces at the start of a text cannot push
+    ** its first letter out of the box.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   private static int end(Request request, Scale scale, Glyph[] glyphs, int from, int count, boolean words)
+   {
+      Extent extent = new Extent(scale);
+      int accepted = from;
+      for(int index = from; index < count; index++)
+      {
+         extent.add(glyphs[index]);
+         if(!words || (!glyphs[index].space() && (index + 1 == count || glyphs[index + 1].space())))
+         {
+            boolean wide = extent.width() > request.width();
+            if(wide && accepted > from)
+            {
+               return (accepted);
+            }
+            accepted = index + 1;
+            if(wide)
+            {
+               return (accepted);
+            }
+         }
+      }
+      return (accepted);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** Measure one line, with the ellipsis after it when one is given.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   private static Line line(Scale scale, Glyph[] glyphs, int from, int to, Glyph mark)
+   {
+      Extent extent = new Extent(scale);
+      for(int index = from; index < to; index++)
+      {
+         extent.add(glyphs[index]);
+      }
+      if(mark != null)
+      {
+         extent.add(mark);
+      }
+      return (new Line(from, to, mark != null, extent.left, extent.right, extent.above, extent.below));
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** Stack lines into a block and hold it against the box. A line reserves the
+    ** face's ascent above its baseline and its descent below; the block grows
+    ** where the ink of a line reaches further.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   private static Block block(Request request, Leading leading, Scale scale, List<Line> lines, int characters, int shown)
+   {
+      if(lines.isEmpty())
+      {
+         return (new Block(scale.milliPoints(), lines, 0, 0, 0, 0, characters, shown, true));
+      }
+      int ascent = scale.ceil(leading.ascent());
+      int pitch = leading.pitch(scale);
+      int top = 0;
+      int bottom = leading.height(scale, lines.size());
+      int width = 0;
+      for(int index = 0; index < lines.size(); index++)
+      {
+         Line line = lines.get(index);
+         int baseline = ascent + index * pitch;
+         top = Math.min(top, baseline - line.above());
+         bottom = Math.max(bottom, baseline + line.below());
+         width = Math.max(width, line.width());
+      }
+      boolean fits = lines.size() <= request.maxLines() && width <= request.width() && bottom - top <= request.height();
+      return (new Block(scale.milliPoints(), lines, width, bottom - top, ascent - top, pitch, characters, shown, fits));
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** Cut a text that fits at no size: keep as many lines as the box holds, and
+    ** end the last of them with the ellipsis after as many of its characters as
+    ** still fit with it, down to the ellipsis alone. Something is always left
+    ** out, so the ellipsis always stands for text, and spaces before it are
+    ** dropped. When not even the ellipsis fits, the answer is the refusal that
+    ** was passed in. A box lower than a number of lines holds no cut of that
+    ** many, which is known without trying; so one lower than a single line
+    ** holds no ellipsis at all.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   private static Block cut(Request request, Leading leading, Scale scale, Glyph[] glyphs, Glyph mark, Block refused, Work work)
+   {
+      int all = refused.lines().size();
+      int most = Math.min(request.maxLines(), all);
+      while(most > 0 && leading.height(scale, most) > request.height())
+      {
+         most--;
+      }
+      for(int kept = most; kept > 0; kept--)
+      {
+         List<Line> lines = new ArrayList<>(refused.lines().subList(0, kept));
+         int from = lines.get(kept - 1).from();
+         for(int to = lines.get(kept - 1).to() - (kept == all ? 1 : 0); to >= from; to--)
+         {
+            if(to > from && glyphs[to - 1].space())
+            {
+               continue;
+            }
+            work.spend(to - from + 1L + kept);
+            lines.set(kept - 1, line(scale, glyphs, from, to, mark));
+            Block block = block(request, leading, scale, lines, refused.characters(), to);
+            if(block.fits())
+            {
+               return (block);
+            }
+         }
+      }
+      return (refused);
+   }
+}

renderer/src/main/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/renderer/scene2/text/TextRaster.java

@@ -0,0 +1,291 @@
+/*
+ * QQQ - Low-code Application Framework for Engineers.
+ * Copyright (C) 2021-2025.  Kingsrook, LLC
+ * 651 N Broad St Ste 205 # 6917 | Middletown DE 19709 | United States
+ * contact@kingsrook.com
+ * https://github.com/Kingsrook/
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.kingsrook.qbits.renderer.scene2.text;
+
+
+import java.awt.Color;
+import java.awt.Font;
+import java.awt.Graphics2D;
+import java.awt.Rectangle;
+import java.awt.RenderingHints;
+import java.awt.font.GlyphVector;
+import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
+import java.awt.image.DataBufferByte;
+import java.util.BitSet;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.renderer.scene2.Canvas;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.renderer.scene2.Frame;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.renderer.scene2.Layout;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.renderer.scene2.Placement;
+
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ ** Draws a fitted text onto the label. Each glyph is drawn antialiased at the
+ ** whole-dot pen position the fit decided, by the same Java rasteriser version 1
+ ** raster text uses, and a dot is ink when its grey is darker than the
+ ** element's threshold, so a higher threshold prints heavier.
+ **
+ ** A line is drawn on a strip: its measured box and a guard of `GUARD` dots all
+ ** round. Ink found in the guard, or a glyph whose bitmap the runtime places
+ ** anywhere outside the measured box, means the measurement was wrong. Such
+ ** ink is never clipped away and never printed outside the box, and a text is
+ ** never printed in part: the dots of a text are gathered first and reach the
+ ** label only when none strayed. What strayed is counted (`Stray`), for the
+ ** element to be refused by name.
+ **
+ ** A strip of more than `BAND_DOTS` dots (very large type) is drawn in bands of
+ ** whole rows, so one line never needs more grey than that. Where the bands
+ ** fall depends only on the box of the line, so the picture is the same on
+ ** every machine; the rasteriser may shade an edge dot at the border of a band
+ ** differently than it would in one piece.
+ *******************************************************************************/
+final class TextRaster
+{
+   static final int GUARD = 2;
+   static final int BAND_DOTS = 1 << 23;
+   /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+   // what drawing counts against the work of a scene, in characters visited while fitting,   //
+   // which take about 15 ns each. A glyph the runtime has not drawn at a size is rasterised  //
+   // once, in 20 to 50 microseconds; after that, asking for it and for where its bitmap      //
+   // falls takes about a quarter of a microsecond                                             //
+   /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+   static final int GLYPH_STEPS = 4096;
+   static final int PEN_STEPS = 16;
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** Utility class.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   private TextRaster()
+   {
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** What to draw and how: the face, the text, its fitted block, where lines
+    ** sit across the block, the clockwise rotation, the grey below which a dot
+    ** is ink, and whether the dots are ink or (for reverse text) cleared from
+    ** the element's box filled black.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   record Drawing(Face face, String text, TextFit.Block block, Placement.Align align, Placement.Valign valign, int rotation, int threshold, boolean ink)
+   {
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** What the rasteriser put outside the measure: glyphs whose bitmap is not
+    ** wholly inside the box of their line, and dots of ink found in the guard
+    ** round a line or outside the element's box.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   record Stray(int glyphs, int dots)
+   {
+      /************************************************************************
+       ** Whether anything strayed.
+       ************************************************************************/
+      boolean any()
+      {
+         return (glyphs > 0 || dots > 0);
+      }
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** How many glyphs of a fitted text the runtime would place outside the box
+    ** measured for their line at this resolution, without drawing any: what
+    ** can be known of a text when a scene is only validated.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   static int outside(Drawing drawing, int dpi)
+   {
+      TextFit.Scale scale = new TextFit.Scale(drawing.block().milliPoints(), dpi);
+      Font font = drawing.face().font(scale.size());
+      int outside = 0;
+      for(TextFit.Line line : drawing.block().lines())
+      {
+         outside += glyphs(drawing, scale, font, line, null, 0);
+      }
+      return (outside);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** Draw into the element's box, which is given as it appears on the label:
+    ** a text turned a quarter reads along the box's height. The answer is what
+    ** strayed; when anything did, the label is left as it was.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   static Stray paint(Canvas canvas, Frame frame, Drawing drawing, int bandDots)
+   {
+      TextFit.Block block = drawing.block();
+      boolean upright = drawing.rotation() % 180 == 0;
+      Frame reading = new Frame(0, 0, upright ? frame.width() : frame.height(), upright ? frame.height() : frame.width());
+      Frame content = Layout.align(reading, block.width(), block.height(), drawing.align(), drawing.valign());
+      TextFit.Scale scale = new TextFit.Scale(block.milliPoints(), canvas.dpi());
+      Font font = drawing.face().font(scale.size());
+      BitSet ink = new BitSet();
+      int glyphs = 0;
+      int dots = 0;
+      for(int index = 0; index < block.lines().size(); index++)
+      {
+         TextFit.Line line = block.lines().get(index);
+         int left = content.x() + drawing.align().position().place(block.width(), line.width(), 0);
+         int top = content.y() + block.baseline() + index * block.pitch() - line.above();
+         Stray stray = strip(ink, reading, drawing, scale, font, line, left, top, bandDots);
+         glyphs += stray.glyphs();
+         dots += stray.dots();
+      }
+      Stray stray = new Stray(glyphs, dots);
+      if(!stray.any())
+      {
+         if(!drawing.ink())
+         {
+            canvas.fill(frame, true);
+         }
+         for(int dot = ink.nextSetBit(0); dot >= 0; dot = ink.nextSetBit(dot + 1))
+         {
+            dot(canvas, frame, reading, drawing, dot % reading.width(), dot / reading.width());
+         }
+      }
+      return (stray);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** Gather the ink of one line whose box has its top left at `left`, `top` of
+    ** the reading frame, a band of rows at a time, and count what strayed.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   private static Stray strip(BitSet ink, Frame reading, Drawing drawing, TextFit.Scale scale, Font font, TextFit.Line line, int left, int top, int bandDots)
+   {
+      int width = line.width() + 2 * GUARD;
+      int height = line.above() + line.below() + 2 * GUARD;
+      int rows = Math.max(1, bandDots / width);
+      int glyphs = 0;
+      int dots = 0;
+      for(int first = 0; first < height; first += rows)
+      {
+         BufferedImage band = new BufferedImage(width, Math.min(rows, height - first), BufferedImage.TYPE_BYTE_GRAY);
+         Graphics2D graphics = band.createGraphics();
+         try
+         {
+            graphics.setColor(Color.WHITE);
+            graphics.fillRect(0, 0, band.getWidth(), band.getHeight());
+            graphics.setColor(Color.BLACK);
+            graphics.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_TEXT_ANTIALIASING, RenderingHints.VALUE_TEXT_ANTIALIAS_ON);
+            graphics.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_FRACTIONALMETRICS, RenderingHints.VALUE_FRACTIONALMETRICS_ON);
+            graphics.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING, RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);
+
+            //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+            // ink that fell wholly beyond the guard is clipped by the strip and leaves no  //
+            // dot to find; the bounds of its glyph say so, and they are the same for every //
+            // band, so those of the first are the count                                    //
+            //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+            int beyond = glyphs(drawing, scale, font, line, graphics, first);
+            glyphs = first == 0 ? beyond : glyphs;
+         }
+         finally
+         {
+            graphics.dispose();
+         }
+         byte[] grey = ((DataBufferByte) band.getRaster().getDataBuffer()).getData();
+         for(int y = 0; y < band.getHeight(); y++)
+         {
+            for(int x = 0; x < width; x++)
+            {
+               if((grey[y * width + x] & 255) < drawing.threshold())
+               {
+                  int row = first + y;
+                  int dotX = left + x - GUARD;
+                  int dotY = top + row - GUARD;
+                  if(x < GUARD || x >= width - GUARD || row < GUARD || row >= height - GUARD || dotX < 0 || dotY < 0 || dotX >= reading.width() || dotY >= reading.height())
+                  {
+                     dots++;
+                  }
+                  else
+                  {
+                     ink.set(dotY * reading.width() + dotX);
+                  }
+               }
+            }
+         }
+      }
+      return (new Stray(glyphs, dots));
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** The glyphs of one line at their pens on its strip: how many the runtime
+    ** places outside the line's measured box, drawing each on a band of the
+    ** strip whose first row is `first` when one is given.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   private static int glyphs(Drawing drawing, TextFit.Scale scale, Font font, TextFit.Line line, Graphics2D band, int first)
+   {
+      int width = line.width() + 2 * GUARD;
+      int height = line.above() + line.below() + 2 * GUARD;
+      int outside = 0;
+      long units = 0;
+      for(int index = line.from(); index < line.to() + (line.marked() ? 1 : 0); index++)
+      {
+         char character = index < line.to() ? drawing.text().charAt(index) : (char) TextFit.MARK;
+         Face.Glyph glyph = drawing.face().glyph(character);
+         if(glyph.ink())
+         {
+            GlyphVector vector = font.createGlyphVector(Face.CONTEXT, new char[] {character});
+            int pen = GUARD - line.left() + scale.round(units);
+            Rectangle pixels = vector.getGlyphPixelBounds(0, Face.CONTEXT, pen, GUARD + line.above());
+            outside += !pixels.isEmpty() && (pixels.x < GUARD || pixels.y < GUARD || pixels.x + pixels.width > width - GUARD || pixels.y + pixels.height > height - GUARD) ? 1 : 0;
+            if(band != null)
+            {
+               band.drawGlyphVector(vector, pen, GUARD + line.above() - first);
+            }
+         }
+         units += glyph.advance();
+      }
+      return (outside);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** Put one dot of the reading frame on the label, turned clockwise.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   private static void dot(Canvas canvas, Frame frame, Frame reading, Drawing drawing, int x, int y)
+   {
+      int turnedX = switch(drawing.rotation())
+      {
+         case 90 -> reading.height() - 1 - y;
+         case 180 -> reading.width() - 1 - x;
+         case 270 -> y;
+         default -> x;
+      };
+      int turnedY = switch(drawing.rotation())
+      {
+         case 90 -> x;
+         case 180 -> reading.height() - 1 - y;
+         case 270 -> reading.width() - 1 - x;
+         default -> y;
+      };
+      canvas.set(frame.x() + turnedX, frame.y() + turnedY, drawing.ink());
+   }
+}

renderer/src/main/resources/fonts/SHA256SUMS

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+9e6c74a889a700d707613d24548fe4ffa6bc59559a0689d2cf9e133bdcdafb2f  ibm-plex-sans/IBMPlexSans-Bold.ttf
+975dcda37d80f038dcd143c22e33ca2d97a0cc5a929aace1c749153b0fe1afa5  ibm-plex-sans/IBMPlexSans-Regular.ttf
+7e6b2818edbd8f6a01ae80641cc8f16a51080d08fb4e532be3a0b6f74adb07da  ibm-plex-sans/LICENSE.txt
+723e245902b45a49f8cf602d15891bae08c31309dce7c56d209d10cd471b88c7  ibm-plex-sans-condensed/IBMPlexSansCondensed-Bold.ttf
+7e6b2818edbd8f6a01ae80641cc8f16a51080d08fb4e532be3a0b6f74adb07da  ibm-plex-sans-condensed/LICENSE.txt
+5590990c82e097397517f275f430af4546e1c45cff408bde4255dad142479dcb  jetbrains-mono/JetBrainsMono-Bold.ttf
+a0bf60ef0f83c5ed4d7a75d45838548b1f6873372dfac88f71804491898d138f  jetbrains-mono/JetBrainsMono-Regular.ttf
+30f0c136e3c88e422d0791acd97238870f9054a9729bc34cf2ff0d4ed8cac4ad  jetbrains-mono/OFL.txt

renderer/src/main/resources/fonts/ibm-plex-sans-condensed/LICENSE.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+Copyright © 2017 IBM Corp. with Reserved Font Name "Plex"
+
+This Font Software is licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1.
+
+This license is copied below, and is also available with a FAQ at: http://scripts.sil.org/OFL
+
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------
+SIL OPEN FONT LICENSE Version 1.1 - 26 February 2007
+-----------------------------------------------------------
+
+PREAMBLE
+The goals of the Open Font License (OFL) are to stimulate worldwide
+development of collaborative font projects, to support the font creation
+efforts of academic and linguistic communities, and to provide a free and
+open framework in which fonts may be shared and improved in partnership
+with others.
+
+The OFL allows the licensed fonts to be used, studied, modified and
+redistributed freely as long as they are not sold by themselves. The
+fonts, including any derivative works, can be bundled, embedded, 
+redistributed and/or sold with any software provided that any reserved
+names are not used by derivative works. The fonts and derivatives,
+however, cannot be released under any other type of license. The
+requirement for fonts to remain under this license does not apply
+to any document created using the fonts or their derivatives.
+
+DEFINITIONS
+"Font Software" refers to the set of files released by the Copyright
+Holder(s) under this license and clearly marked as such. This may
+include source files, build scripts and documentation.
+
+"Reserved Font Name" refers to any names specified as such after the
+copyright statement(s).
+
+"Original Version" refers to the collection of Font Software components as
+distributed by the Copyright Holder(s).
+
+"Modified Version" refers to any derivative made by adding to, deleting,
+or substituting -- in part or in whole -- any of the components of the
+Original Version, by changing formats or by porting the Font Software to a
+new environment.
+
+"Author" refers to any designer, engineer, programmer, technical
+writer or other person who contributed to the Font Software.
+
+PERMISSION & CONDITIONS
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of the Font Software, to use, study, copy, merge, embed, modify,
+redistribute, and sell modified and unmodified copies of the Font
+Software, subject to the following conditions:
+
+1) Neither the Font Software nor any of its individual components,
+in Original or Modified Versions, may be sold by itself.
+
+2) Original or Modified Versions of the Font Software may be bundled,
+redistributed and/or sold with any software, provided that each copy
+contains the above copyright notice and this license. These can be
+included either as stand-alone text files, human-readable headers or
+in the appropriate machine-readable metadata fields within text or
+binary files as long as those fields can be easily viewed by the user.
+
+3) No Modified Version of the Font Software may use the Reserved Font
+Name(s) unless explicit written permission is granted by the corresponding
+Copyright Holder. This restriction only applies to the primary font name as
+presented to the users.
+
+4) The name(s) of the Copyright Holder(s) or the Author(s) of the Font
+Software shall not be used to promote, endorse or advertise any
+Modified Version, except to acknowledge the contribution(s) of the
+Copyright Holder(s) and the Author(s) or with their explicit written
+permission.
+
+5) The Font Software, modified or unmodified, in part or in whole,
+must be distributed entirely under this license, and must not be
+distributed under any other license. The requirement for fonts to
+remain under this license does not apply to any document created
+using the Font Software.
+
+TERMINATION
+This license becomes null and void if any of the above conditions are
+not met.
+
+DISCLAIMER
+THE FONT SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT
+OF COPYRIGHT, PATENT, TRADEMARK, OR OTHER RIGHT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+COPYRIGHT HOLDER BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,
+INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+DAMAGES, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+FROM, OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE FONT SOFTWARE OR FROM
+OTHER DEALINGS IN THE FONT SOFTWARE.

renderer/src/main/resources/fonts/ibm-plex-sans-condensed/SOURCE.md

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# IBM Plex Sans Condensed (Bold)
+
+An unmodified file from the official release of the IBM Plex project, retrieved 2026-11-12.
+
+| | |
+| --- | --- |
+| Project | https://github.com/IBM/plex |
+| Release | `@ibm/plex-sans-condensed@2.0.0` |
+| Archive | https://github.com/IBM/plex/releases/download/%40ibm/plex-sans-condensed%402.0.0/ibm-plex-sans-condensed.zip |
+| Archive SHA-256 | `f86ba73abbeed7cf7690ead863192a87211dfc2b0cef0ac6bf4700533ec5ab9e` |
+| Licence | SIL Open Font License 1.1, `LICENSE.txt` in this directory (the archive's `ibm-plex-sans-condensed/LICENSE.txt`, byte for byte) |
+| Reserved Font Name | "Plex" (the file is not modified and not renamed) |
+
+| File here | Path in the archive | Font version (name table) | SHA-256 |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| `IBMPlexSansCondensed-Bold.ttf` | `ibm-plex-sans-condensed/fonts/complete/ttf/IBMPlexSansCondensed-Bold.ttf` | Version 3.000 | `723e245902b45a49f8cf602d15891bae08c31309dce7c56d209d10cd471b88c7` |
+| `LICENSE.txt` | `ibm-plex-sans-condensed/LICENSE.txt` | | `7e6b2818edbd8f6a01ae80641cc8f16a51080d08fb4e532be3a0b6f74adb07da` |
+
+The licence was confirmed from the release archive itself: its `LICENSE.txt` states "This Font Software is
+licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1" and carries the full text; the licence field of the
+font's name table says the same, and the font's embedding bits (`OS/2.fsType`) are 0, installable embedding.
+
+Scene name: `qqq-condensed-bold`.

renderer/src/main/resources/fonts/ibm-plex-sans/LICENSE.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+Copyright © 2017 IBM Corp. with Reserved Font Name "Plex"
+
+This Font Software is licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1.
+
+This license is copied below, and is also available with a FAQ at: http://scripts.sil.org/OFL
+
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------
+SIL OPEN FONT LICENSE Version 1.1 - 26 February 2007
+-----------------------------------------------------------
+
+PREAMBLE
+The goals of the Open Font License (OFL) are to stimulate worldwide
+development of collaborative font projects, to support the font creation
+efforts of academic and linguistic communities, and to provide a free and
+open framework in which fonts may be shared and improved in partnership
+with others.
+
+The OFL allows the licensed fonts to be used, studied, modified and
+redistributed freely as long as they are not sold by themselves. The
+fonts, including any derivative works, can be bundled, embedded, 
+redistributed and/or sold with any software provided that any reserved
+names are not used by derivative works. The fonts and derivatives,
+however, cannot be released under any other type of license. The
+requirement for fonts to remain under this license does not apply
+to any document created using the fonts or their derivatives.
+
+DEFINITIONS
+"Font Software" refers to the set of files released by the Copyright
+Holder(s) under this license and clearly marked as such. This may
+include source files, build scripts and documentation.
+
+"Reserved Font Name" refers to any names specified as such after the
+copyright statement(s).
+
+"Original Version" refers to the collection of Font Software components as
+distributed by the Copyright Holder(s).
+
+"Modified Version" refers to any derivative made by adding to, deleting,
+or substituting -- in part or in whole -- any of the components of the
+Original Version, by changing formats or by porting the Font Software to a
+new environment.
+
+"Author" refers to any designer, engineer, programmer, technical
+writer or other person who contributed to the Font Software.
+
+PERMISSION & CONDITIONS
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of the Font Software, to use, study, copy, merge, embed, modify,
+redistribute, and sell modified and unmodified copies of the Font
+Software, subject to the following conditions:
+
+1) Neither the Font Software nor any of its individual components,
+in Original or Modified Versions, may be sold by itself.
+
+2) Original or Modified Versions of the Font Software may be bundled,
+redistributed and/or sold with any software, provided that each copy
+contains the above copyright notice and this license. These can be
+included either as stand-alone text files, human-readable headers or
+in the appropriate machine-readable metadata fields within text or
+binary files as long as those fields can be easily viewed by the user.
+
+3) No Modified Version of the Font Software may use the Reserved Font
+Name(s) unless explicit written permission is granted by the corresponding
+Copyright Holder. This restriction only applies to the primary font name as
+presented to the users.
+
+4) The name(s) of the Copyright Holder(s) or the Author(s) of the Font
+Software shall not be used to promote, endorse or advertise any
+Modified Version, except to acknowledge the contribution(s) of the
+Copyright Holder(s) and the Author(s) or with their explicit written
+permission.
+
+5) The Font Software, modified or unmodified, in part or in whole,
+must be distributed entirely under this license, and must not be
+distributed under any other license. The requirement for fonts to
+remain under this license does not apply to any document created
+using the Font Software.
+
+TERMINATION
+This license becomes null and void if any of the above conditions are
+not met.
+
+DISCLAIMER
+THE FONT SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT
+OF COPYRIGHT, PATENT, TRADEMARK, OR OTHER RIGHT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+COPYRIGHT HOLDER BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,
+INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+DAMAGES, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+FROM, OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE FONT SOFTWARE OR FROM
+OTHER DEALINGS IN THE FONT SOFTWARE.

renderer/src/main/resources/fonts/ibm-plex-sans/SOURCE.md

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# IBM Plex Sans (Regular, Bold)
+
+Unmodified files from the official release of the IBM Plex project, retrieved 2026-11-12.
+
+| | |
+| --- | --- |
+| Project | https://github.com/IBM/plex |
+| Release | `@ibm/plex-sans@1.1.0` |
+| Archive | https://github.com/IBM/plex/releases/download/%40ibm/plex-sans%401.1.0/ibm-plex-sans.zip |
+| Archive SHA-256 | `fb365d910566e6d199cc2c15579a7dd9a267128e18431a394ed81f1970c69200` |
+| Licence | SIL Open Font License 1.1, `LICENSE.txt` in this directory (the archive's `ibm-plex-sans/LICENSE.txt`, byte for byte) |
+| Reserved Font Name | "Plex" (the files are not modified and not renamed) |
+
+| File here | Path in the archive | Font version (name table) | SHA-256 |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| `IBMPlexSans-Regular.ttf` | `ibm-plex-sans/fonts/complete/ttf/IBMPlexSans-Regular.ttf` | Version 3.005 | `975dcda37d80f038dcd143c22e33ca2d97a0cc5a929aace1c749153b0fe1afa5` |
+| `IBMPlexSans-Bold.ttf` | `ibm-plex-sans/fonts/complete/ttf/IBMPlexSans-Bold.ttf` | Version 3.005 | `9e6c74a889a700d707613d24548fe4ffa6bc59559a0689d2cf9e133bdcdafb2f` |
+| `LICENSE.txt` | `ibm-plex-sans/LICENSE.txt` | | `7e6b2818edbd8f6a01ae80641cc8f16a51080d08fb4e532be3a0b6f74adb07da` |
+
+The licence was confirmed from the release archive itself: its `LICENSE.txt` states "This Font Software is
+licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1" and carries the full text; the licence field of each
+font's name table says the same, and each font's embedding bits (`OS/2.fsType`) are 0, installable embedding.
+
+Scene names: `qqq-sans` (Regular), `qqq-sans-bold` (Bold).

renderer/src/main/resources/fonts/jetbrains-mono/OFL.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+Copyright 2020 The JetBrains Mono Project Authors (https://github.com/JetBrains/JetBrainsMono)
+
+This Font Software is licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1.
+This license is copied below, and is also available with a FAQ at:
+https://scripts.sil.org/OFL
+
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------
+SIL OPEN FONT LICENSE Version 1.1 - 26 February 2007
+-----------------------------------------------------------
+
+PREAMBLE
+The goals of the Open Font License (OFL) are to stimulate worldwide
+development of collaborative font projects, to support the font creation
+efforts of academic and linguistic communities, and to provide a free and
+open framework in which fonts may be shared and improved in partnership
+with others.
+
+The OFL allows the licensed fonts to be used, studied, modified and
+redistributed freely as long as they are not sold by themselves. The
+fonts, including any derivative works, can be bundled, embedded, 
+redistributed and/or sold with any software provided that any reserved
+names are not used by derivative works. The fonts and derivatives,
+however, cannot be released under any other type of license. The
+requirement for fonts to remain under this license does not apply
+to any document created using the fonts or their derivatives.
+
+DEFINITIONS
+"Font Software" refers to the set of files released by the Copyright
+Holder(s) under this license and clearly marked as such. This may
+include source files, build scripts and documentation.
+
+"Reserved Font Name" refers to any names specified as such after the
+copyright statement(s).
+
+"Original Version" refers to the collection of Font Software components as
+distributed by the Copyright Holder(s).
+
+"Modified Version" refers to any derivative made by adding to, deleting,
+or substituting -- in part or in whole -- any of the components of the
+Original Version, by changing formats or by porting the Font Software to a
+new environment.
+
+"Author" refers to any designer, engineer, programmer, technical
+writer or other person who contributed to the Font Software.
+
+PERMISSION & CONDITIONS
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of the Font Software, to use, study, copy, merge, embed, modify,
+redistribute, and sell modified and unmodified copies of the Font
+Software, subject to the following conditions:
+
+1) Neither the Font Software nor any of its individual components,
+in Original or Modified Versions, may be sold by itself.
+
+2) Original or Modified Versions of the Font Software may be bundled,
+redistributed and/or sold with any software, provided that each copy
+contains the above copyright notice and this license. These can be
+included either as stand-alone text files, human-readable headers or
+in the appropriate machine-readable metadata fields within text or
+binary files as long as those fields can be easily viewed by the user.
+
+3) No Modified Version of the Font Software may use the Reserved Font
+Name(s) unless explicit written permission is granted by the corresponding
+Copyright Holder. This restriction only applies to the primary font name as
+presented to the users.
+
+4) The name(s) of the Copyright Holder(s) or the Author(s) of the Font
+Software shall not be used to promote, endorse or advertise any
+Modified Version, except to acknowledge the contribution(s) of the
+Copyright Holder(s) and the Author(s) or with their explicit written
+permission.
+
+5) The Font Software, modified or unmodified, in part or in whole,
+must be distributed entirely under this license, and must not be
+distributed under any other license. The requirement for fonts to
+remain under this license does not apply to any document created
+using the Font Software.
+
+TERMINATION
+This license becomes null and void if any of the above conditions are
+not met.
+
+DISCLAIMER
+THE FONT SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT
+OF COPYRIGHT, PATENT, TRADEMARK, OR OTHER RIGHT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+COPYRIGHT HOLDER BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,
+INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+DAMAGES, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+FROM, OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE FONT SOFTWARE OR FROM
+OTHER DEALINGS IN THE FONT SOFTWARE.

renderer/src/main/resources/fonts/jetbrains-mono/SOURCE.md

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# JetBrains Mono (Regular, Bold)
+
+Unmodified files from the official release of the JetBrains Mono project, retrieved 2026-11-12.
+
+| | |
+| --- | --- |
+| Project | https://github.com/JetBrains/JetBrainsMono |
+| Release | `v2.304` |
+| Archive | https://github.com/JetBrains/JetBrainsMono/releases/download/v2.304/JetBrainsMono-2.304.zip |
+| Archive SHA-256 | `6f6376c6ed2960ea8a963cd7387ec9d76e3f629125bc33d1fdcd7eb7012f7bbf` |
+| Licence | SIL Open Font License 1.1, `OFL.txt` in this directory (the archive's `OFL.txt`, byte for byte) |
+| Reserved Font Name | none declared |
+
+| File here | Path in the archive | Font version (name table) | SHA-256 |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| `JetBrainsMono-Regular.ttf` | `fonts/ttf/JetBrainsMono-Regular.ttf` | Version 2.304; ttfautohint (v1.8.4.7-5d5b) | `a0bf60ef0f83c5ed4d7a75d45838548b1f6873372dfac88f71804491898d138f` |
+| `JetBrainsMono-Bold.ttf` | `fonts/ttf/JetBrainsMono-Bold.ttf` | Version 2.304; ttfautohint (v1.8.4.7-5d5b) | `5590990c82e097397517f275f430af4546e1c45cff408bde4255dad142479dcb` |
+| `OFL.txt` | `OFL.txt` | | `30f0c136e3c88e422d0791acd97238870f9054a9729bc34cf2ff0d4ed8cac4ad` |
+
+The licence was confirmed from the release archive itself: its `OFL.txt` states "This Font Software is
+licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1" and carries the full text; the licence field of each
+font's name table says the same, and each font's embedding bits (`OS/2.fsType`) are 0, installable embedding.
+
+Scene names: `qqq-mono` (Regular), `qqq-mono-bold` (Bold).

renderer/src/test/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/renderer/HostContractTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+/*
+ * QQQ - Low-code Application Framework for Engineers.
+ * Copyright (C) 2021-2025.  Kingsrook, LLC
+ * 651 N Broad St Ste 205 # 6917 | Middletown DE 19709 | United States
+ * contact@kingsrook.com
+ * https://github.com/Kingsrook/
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.kingsrook.qbits.renderer;
+
+
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Base64;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonNode;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.node.ObjectNode;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.renderer.scene2.SceneFixture;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
+
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ ** What the host side relies on from this worker and cannot test against it,
+ ** because the host bridge shares no code with the renderer: the version it
+ ** reports is the one its qualification record names, the bridge's version
+ ** question is answered, and a preview's label is the label that prints.
+ *******************************************************************************/
+class HostContractTest
+{
+   ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+   // the scene of the host bridge's version question (`IsolatedRendererBridge.PROBE_SCENE` in //
+   // `bridges/renderer`), on its stock: 4 x 6 in with no margins at 203 dpi                   //
+   ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+   private static final String VERSION_QUESTION = "{\"schema\":\"qqq-zpl-scene/1\",\"elements\":[]}";
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** `qualification.json` names the renderer version, protocol and barcode
+    ** catalog that this build's answers carry.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void theQualificationRecordNamesWhatTheWorkerReports() throws Exception
+   {
+      JsonNode record = Wire.JSON.readTree(Files.readAllBytes(Path.of("qualification.json")));
+      Map<String, Object> answer = RendererMain.process(SceneFixture.request("VALIDATE", VERSION_QUESTION));
+      for(String field : List.of("rendererVersion", "protocol", "catalogVersion"))
+      {
+         assertEquals(answer.get(field), record.path(field).textValue(), field);
+      }
+      assertEquals(RendererMain.VERSION, record.path("rendererVersion").textValue());
+      assertEquals(Wire.PROTOCOL, record.path("protocol").textValue());
+      assertEquals(Barcodes.VERSION, record.path("catalogVersion").textValue());
+      assertFalse(record.path("qualified").booleanValue());
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** The host asks a worker its version by validating an empty version 1 scene
+    ** before it sends a version 2 scene. The answer is the plain validation
+    ** answer, naming the version.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void theHostVersionQuestionIsAnswered() throws Exception
+   {
+      ObjectNode question = SceneFixture.request("VALIDATE", SceneFixture.stock(101_600, 152_400, 0, 203), VERSION_QUESTION).put("maximumBytes", 4096);
+      Map<String, Object> answer = RendererMain.process(question);
+      assertEquals(List.of("protocol", "requestId", "outcome", "rendererVersion", "catalogVersion", "diagnostics"), List.copyOf(answer.keySet()));
+      assertEquals("OK", answer.get("outcome"));
+      assertEquals(RendererMain.VERSION, answer.get("rendererVersion"));
+      assertEquals(List.of(), answer.get("diagnostics"));
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** A preview asks for collected diagnostics. For a scene with no error that
+    ** changes nothing in the label: every golden case, at every resolution, is
+    ** byte for byte the golden label either way.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void collectingDiagnosticsDoesNotChangeALabelThatPrints() throws Exception
+   {
+      Path scenes = Path.of("src", "test", "resources", "scene2");
+      List<String> names;
+      try(Stream<Path> files = Files.list(scenes.resolve("cases")))
+      {
+         names = files.map(file -> file.getFileName().toString()).filter(name -> name.endsWith(".json")).map(name -> name.substring(0, name.length() - 5)).sorted().toList();
+      }
+      assertTrue(names.size() >= 4);
+      for(String name : names)
+      {
+         JsonNode definition = Wire.JSON.readTree(Files.readAllBytes(scenes.resolve("cases").resolve(name + ".json")));
+         for(int dpi : List.of(203, 300, 600))
+         {
+            ObjectNode request = SceneFixture.request("RENDER", definition.get("stock"), Wire.JSON.writeValueAsString(definition.get("scene"))).put("targetDpi", dpi);
+            byte[] printed = SceneFixture.render(request);
+            Map<String, Object> previewed = RendererMain.process(request.put("diagnostics", "COLLECT"));
+            assertEquals("OK", previewed.get("outcome"), name);
+            assertTrue(Arrays.equals(printed, Base64.getDecoder().decode((String) previewed.get("base64"))), name + " at " + dpi);
+            assertTrue(Arrays.equals(Files.readAllBytes(scenes.resolve("golden").resolve(name + "-" + dpi + ".zpl")), printed), name + " at " + dpi);
+         }
+      }
+   }
+}

renderer/src/test/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/renderer/MutationCampaignTest.java

@@ -22,6 +22,8 @@ package com.kingsrook.qbits.renderer;
 
 
 import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.math.BigDecimal;
+import java.math.RoundingMode;
 import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Arrays;
@@ -31,6 +33,7 @@ import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+import java.util.regex.Matcher;
 import java.util.regex.Pattern;
 import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonParseException;
 import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.exc.StreamConstraintsException;
@@ -83,6 +86,8 @@ class MutationCampaignTest
 
    private static final Pattern LENGTH = Pattern.compile("-?[0-9]{1,5}(\\.[0-9]{1,3})?(mm|in|pt|%|dot)");
    private static final Pattern ELEMENT_ID = Pattern.compile("[A-Za-z][A-Za-z0-9_-]{0,31}");
+   private static final Pattern TYPE_SIZE = Pattern.compile("([0-9]{1,5}(?:\\.[0-9]{1,3})?)(mm|in|pt)");
+   private static final Set<String> FACES = Set.of("qqq-sans", "qqq-sans-bold", "qqq-condensed-bold", "qqq-mono", "qqq-mono-bold");
 
 
 
@@ -305,13 +310,15 @@ class MutationCampaignTest
     ** second parser, either a version 1 scene (as above) or a version 2 scene
     ** that keeps every rule this checks on its own: only the declared top-level
     ** properties, a physical design size, at most 1000 elements with unique ids
-    ** of the fixed pattern, only boxes and groups (the types this renderer
-    ** draws), groups at most four deep, every length a number and a unit, and
+    ** of the fixed pattern, only boxes, groups and text (the types this renderer
+    ** draws), groups at most four deep, every length a number and a unit, every
+    ** text in a bundled face at a physical size with one value and only
+    ** documented fit, length and legibility settings at each resolution, and
     ** overrides only for the three resolutions and for declared ids. About one
     ** version 2 input in four is rendered instead of validated: its label must
     ** then be the commands and graphic fields a version 2 label is made of, with
     ** no ink outside the printable area, and validation must give the same
-    ** answer. Every other input is refused with a `Refusal`, which carries a
+    ** answer (but for a text bound to the record, which has no value here). Every other input is refused with a `Refusal`, which carries a
     ** diagnostic (or, for a version 1 source, with that parser's own refusal).
     ** Any other exception, an `IllegalArgumentException` of the package's own
     ** invariants among them, is a finding.
@@ -320,7 +327,7 @@ class MutationCampaignTest
    void theVersionTwoSceneParserAcceptsOnlyVersionTwoScenes() throws Exception
    {
       List<byte[]> corpus = new ArrayList<>();
-      for(String name : List.of("anchors", "rules", "groups"))
+      for(String name : List.of("anchors", "rules", "groups", "text-faces", "text-fit", "text-turned"))
       {
          try(InputStream stream = MutationCampaignTest.class.getResourceAsStream("/scene2/cases/" + name + ".json"))
          {
@@ -329,6 +336,8 @@ class MutationCampaignTest
       }
       MutationCampaign campaign = new MutationCampaign(corpus, List.of("\"schema\"", "\"qqq-zpl-scene/2\"", "\"qqq-zpl-scene/1\"", "\"design\"", "\"elements\"", "\"overrides\"", "\"when\"", "\"dpi\"", "\"set\"",
          "\"children\"", "\"group\"", "\"box\"", "\"text\"", "\"barcode\"", "\"image\"", "\"id\"", "\"type\"", "\"anchor\"", "\"thickness\"", "\"fill\"", "\"rotation\"", "\"center\"", "true", "false", "null",
+         "\"defaults\"", "\"font\"", "\"size\"", "\"value\"", "\"valuePath\"", "\"lineHeight\"", "\"fit\"", "\"maxLines\"", "\"shrinkTo\"", "\"overflow\"", "\"truncate\"", "\"refuse\"", "\"maxLength\"", "\"threshold\"",
+         "\"reverse\"", "\"qqq-sans\"", "\"qqq-mono-bold\"", "\"qqq-\"", "\"/record/name\"", "90", "180", "270", "1000pt", "0.5", "1e400", "\\u0301", "\\t", "\\uD83D",
          "mm", "in", "pt", "%", "dot", "-", ".", "203", "300", "600", "99999999999", "4294967499", "{", "}", "[", "]", ":", ",", "\\u0000"));
       int iterations = MutationCampaign.iterations(ITERATIONS);
       for(long seed : MutationCampaign.seeds(SEEDS))
@@ -406,7 +415,12 @@ class MutationCampaignTest
       }
       catch(Refusal refusal)
       {
-         if(render)
+         ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+         // a text bound to the record has no value here, since the campaign's record is     //
+         // empty: that is the one refusal a render gives that validation, which reads no    //
+         // record, cannot                                                                    //
+         ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+         if(render && !"VALUE_MISSING".equals(refusal.diagnostic().code()))
          {
             Refusal validated = assertThrows(Refusal.class, () -> RendererMain.process(SceneFixture.request("VALIDATE", stock, source)), "refused to render what validation accepts");
             assertEquals(refusal.diagnostic().wire(), validated.diagnostic().wire());
@@ -436,7 +450,7 @@ class MutationCampaignTest
          assertTrue(length != null && LENGTH.matcher(length).matches() && !length.startsWith("-") && !length.endsWith("%") && !length.endsWith("dot"), () -> "accepted design " + side + " " + length);
       }
       Set<String> ids = new HashSet<>();
-      assertVersionTwoElements(accepted.path("elements"), 1, ids);
+      assertVersionTwoElements(accepted.path("elements"), 1, ids, accepted);
       assertTrue(ids.size() <= 1000, () -> "accepted " + ids.size() + " elements");
       for(JsonNode override : accepted.path("overrides"))
       {
@@ -451,7 +465,7 @@ class MutationCampaignTest
    /***************************************************************************
     ** The independent reading of a version 2 element list.
     ***************************************************************************/
-   private static void assertVersionTwoElements(JsonNode elements, int depth, Set<String> ids)
+   private static void assertVersionTwoElements(JsonNode elements, int depth, Set<String> ids, JsonNode scene)
    {
       assertTrue(elements.isArray(), "accepted elements that are not a list");
       for(JsonNode element : elements)
@@ -459,23 +473,109 @@ class MutationCampaignTest
          String id = element.path("id").textValue();
          assertTrue(id != null && ELEMENT_ID.matcher(id).matches() && ids.add(id), () -> "accepted element id " + element.path("id"));
          String type = element.path("type").textValue();
-         assertTrue("box".equals(type) || "group".equals(type), () -> "accepted element type " + element.path("type"));
+         assertTrue("box".equals(type) || "group".equals(type) || "text".equals(type), () -> "accepted element type " + element.path("type"));
          for(String name : List.of("x", "y", "width", "height", "thickness"))
          {
             assertTrue(!element.has(name) || (element.get(name).isTextual() && LENGTH.matcher(element.get(name).textValue()).matches()), () -> "accepted " + name + " " + element.get(name));
          }
          Set<String> allowed = "box".equals(type) ? Set.of("id", "type", "anchor", "x", "y", "width", "height", "align", "valign", "thickness", "fill")
+            : "text".equals(type) ? Set.of("id", "type", "anchor", "x", "y", "width", "height", "align", "valign", "value", "valuePath", "font", "size", "lineHeight", "fit", "maxLength", "threshold", "reverse", "rotation")
             : Set.of("id", "type", "anchor", "x", "y", "width", "height", "align", "valign", "children");
          element.fieldNames().forEachRemaining(name -> assertTrue(allowed.contains(name), () -> "accepted " + type + " property " + name));
          if("group".equals(type))
          {
             assertTrue(depth <= 4, "accepted groups more than four deep");
-            assertVersionTwoElements(element.path("children"), depth + 1, ids);
+            assertVersionTwoElements(element.path("children"), depth + 1, ids, scene);
+         }
+         if("text".equals(type))
+         {
+            assertVersionTwoText(element, scene);
          }
       }
    }
 
 
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** The independent reading of an accepted text element, as it stands at each
+    ** resolution: the scene's defaults, then the element, then the overrides
+    ** for that resolution in order. It names a bundled face, has a physical
+    ** size from 1 to 1000 pt, exactly one of a literal and a pointer into the
+    ** record, and only fit, length, threshold, rotation, reverse and line
+    ** height values of the documented kinds and ranges.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   private static void assertVersionTwoText(JsonNode element, JsonNode scene)
+   {
+      for(int dpi : List.of(203, 300, 600))
+      {
+         ObjectNode stated = INDEPENDENT.createObjectNode();
+         scene.path("defaults").properties().forEach(property -> stated.set(property.getKey(), property.getValue()));
+         element.properties().forEach(property -> stated.set(property.getKey(), property.getValue()));
+         for(JsonNode override : scene.path("overrides"))
+         {
+            boolean applies = false;
+            for(JsonNode resolution : override.path("when").path("dpi"))
+            {
+               applies |= resolution.intValue() == dpi;
+            }
+            if(applies)
+            {
+               override.path("set").path(element.path("id").textValue()).properties().forEach(property -> stated.set(property.getKey(), property.getValue()));
+            }
+         }
+         String about = "accepted text " + element.path("id") + " at " + dpi + " dpi with ";
+         assertTrue(stated.path("font").isTextual() && FACES.contains(stated.path("font").textValue()), () -> about + "font " + stated.path("font"));
+         assertTrue(typeSize(stated.path("size"), 1, 1000), () -> about + "size " + stated.path("size"));
+         assertTrue(stated.has("value") != stated.has("valuePath"), () -> about + "both or neither of value and valuePath");
+         assertTrue(!stated.has("value") || (stated.get("value").isTextual() && stated.get("value").textValue().codePointCount(0, stated.get("value").textValue().length()) <= 1024), () -> about + "a value that is not text");
+         assertTrue(!stated.has("valuePath") || (stated.get("valuePath").isTextual() && stated.get("valuePath").textValue().startsWith("/")), () -> about + "valuePath " + stated.path("valuePath"));
+         JsonNode fit = stated.path("fit");
+         assertTrue(fit.isMissingNode() || fit.isObject(), () -> about + "fit " + fit);
+         fit.fieldNames().forEachRemaining(name -> assertTrue(Set.of("maxLines", "shrinkTo", "overflow").contains(name), () -> about + "fit property " + name));
+         assertTrue(whole(fit.path("maxLines"), 1, 64) && whole(stated.path("threshold"), 1, 254) && whole(stated.path("maxLength"), 1, 1024), () -> about + "a count out of range");
+         assertTrue(fit.path("shrinkTo").isMissingNode() || typeSize(fit.path("shrinkTo"), 1, 1000), () -> about + "shrinkTo " + fit.path("shrinkTo"));
+         assertTrue(fit.path("overflow").isMissingNode() || Set.of("refuse", "truncate").contains(String.valueOf(fit.path("overflow").textValue())), () -> about + "overflow " + fit.path("overflow"));
+         assertTrue(stated.path("rotation").isMissingNode() || (stated.path("rotation").isInt() && Set.of(0, 90, 180, 270).contains(stated.path("rotation").intValue())), () -> about + "rotation " + stated.path("rotation"));
+         assertTrue(stated.path("reverse").isMissingNode() || stated.path("reverse").isBoolean(), () -> about + "reverse " + stated.path("reverse"));
+         JsonNode lineHeight = stated.path("lineHeight");
+         assertTrue(lineHeight.isMissingNode() || (lineHeight.isNumber() && lineHeight.doubleValue() >= 0.5 && lineHeight.doubleValue() <= 5), () -> about + "lineHeight " + lineHeight);
+      }
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** Whether a value is absent or a whole number in a range.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   private static boolean whole(JsonNode value, int minimum, int maximum)
+   {
+      return (value.isMissingNode() || (value.isInt() && value.intValue() >= minimum && value.intValue() <= maximum));
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** Whether a value is a type size: an unsigned physical length between two
+    ** numbers of points, by decimal arithmetic with a hair of tolerance for the
+    ** renderer's rounding to thousandths of a point.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   private static boolean typeSize(JsonNode value, int minimum, int maximum)
+   {
+      Matcher matcher = TYPE_SIZE.matcher(value.isTextual() ? value.textValue() : "");
+      if(!matcher.matches())
+      {
+         return (false);
+      }
+      BigDecimal points = new BigDecimal(matcher.group(1)).multiply(switch(matcher.group(2))
+      {
+         case "in" -> BigDecimal.valueOf(72);
+         case "mm" -> BigDecimal.valueOf(72).divide(new BigDecimal("25.4"), 12, RoundingMode.HALF_EVEN);
+         default -> BigDecimal.ONE;
+      });
+      return (points.compareTo(new BigDecimal(minimum).subtract(new BigDecimal("0.001"))) >= 0 && points.compareTo(new BigDecimal(maximum).add(new BigDecimal("0.001"))) <= 0);
+   }
+
+
    /***************************************************************************
     ** The target: static validation of one scene on a stock all corpus scenes fit.
     ***************************************************************************/

renderer/src/test/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/renderer/scene2/Scene2Test.java

@@ -508,9 +508,10 @@ class Scene2Test
 
 
    /***************************************************************************
-    ** Text, barcodes and images are parsed and placed by this renderer and then
+    ** Barcodes and images are parsed and placed by this renderer and then
     ** refused by name, with the box they would have had. The design's own
-    ** example scene is the case.
+    ** example scene is the case: its barcode is refused, and its caption, a text
+    ** bound to the record, is refused for the value the empty record lacks.
     ***************************************************************************/
    @Test
    void anElementThisRendererCannotDrawIsRefusedByName() throws Exception
@@ -523,7 +524,7 @@ class Scene2Test
          + "\"align\":\"center\",\"valign\":\"middle\",\"size\":\"11pt\",\"maxLength\":48,\"fit\":{\"maxLines\":2,\"shrinkTo\":\"7pt\",\"overflow\":\"refuse\"}}],"
          + "\"overrides\":[{\"when\":{\"dpi\":[203]},\"set\":{\"caption\":{\"threshold\":144}}}]}";
       Map<String, Object> code = Map.of("code", "RENDERER_TOO_OLD", "severity", "ERROR", "element", "code", "box", List.of(6, 4, 751, 87));
-      Map<String, Object> caption = Map.of("code", "RENDERER_TOO_OLD", "severity", "ERROR", "element", "caption", "box", List.of(6, 100, 751, 51));
+      Map<String, Object> caption = Map.of("code", "VALUE_MISSING", "severity", "ERROR", "element", "caption", "box", List.of(6, 100, 751, 51));
       assertEquals(code, refused(example));
       assertEquals(code, SceneFixture.refusal(() -> RendererMain.process(SceneFixture.request("RENDER", example))));
 
@@ -539,10 +540,10 @@ class Scene2Test
          assertEquals(invalid("logo", "/elements/0/rotation"), refusedElements("{\"id\":\"logo\",\"type\":\"image\",\"asset\":\"logo\",\"rotation\":" + rotation + "}"), rotation);
       }
       assertEquals(Map.of("code", "SCENE_INVALID", "severity", "ERROR", "element", "t", "pointer", "/elements/0", "measured", Map.of("unknownProperties", 1), "limit", Map.of("unknownProperties", 0)),
-         refusedElements("{\"id\":\"t\",\"type\":\"text\",\"value\":\"TEST-0001\",\"symbology\":\"qr\"}"));
+         refusedElements("{\"id\":\"t\",\"type\":\"text\",\"value\":\"TEST-0001\",\"font\":\"qqq-sans\",\"size\":\"9pt\",\"symbology\":\"qr\"}"));
 
       assertEquals(Map.of("code", "SCENE_INVALID", "severity", "ERROR", "element", "t", "pointer", "/elements/0", "measured", Map.of("widthDots", 0, "heightDots", 155), "limit", Map.of("widthDots", 1, "heightDots", 1)),
-         refusedElements("{\"id\":\"t\",\"type\":\"text\",\"value\":\"TEST-0001\",\"width\":\"0.1mm\"}"));
+         refusedElements("{\"id\":\"t\",\"type\":\"text\",\"value\":\"TEST-0001\",\"font\":\"qqq-sans\",\"size\":\"9pt\",\"width\":\"0.1mm\"}"));
 
       Diagnostics diagnostics = new Diagnostics(false);
       diagnostics.declare("t", "/elements/0");
@@ -554,7 +555,7 @@ class Scene2Test
       assertEquals(144, source.value("threshold").intValue());
       assertNull(source.value("size"));
       assertEquals(new Placement(Placement.Anchor.TOP_LEFT, Length.ZERO, Length.ZERO, null, null, Placement.Align.LEFT, Placement.Valign.TOP), source.placement());
-      SceneElement placeholder = ElementFactory.FACTORIES.get("text").create(source);
+      SceneElement placeholder = ElementFactory.FACTORIES.get("image").create(source);
       assertEquals("t", placeholder.id());
       assertEquals(List.of(), placeholder.children());
       assertEquals(Map.of("code", "RENDERER_TOO_OLD", "severity", "ERROR", "element", "t", "box", List.of(1, 2, 3, 4)),
@@ -574,8 +575,8 @@ class Scene2Test
    {
       String source = SceneFixture.scene("{\"id\":\"good\",\"type\":\"box\",\"x\":\"5dot\",\"width\":\"16dot\",\"height\":\"4dot\",\"fill\":true},"
          + "{\"id\":\"wide\",\"type\":\"box\",\"x\":\"90mm\",\"width\":\"10mm\",\"height\":\"5mm\",\"thickness\":\"1pt\"},"
-         + "{\"id\":\"g\",\"type\":\"group\",\"width\":\"0.1mm\",\"children\":[{\"id\":\"unseen\",\"type\":\"text\",\"value\":\"TEST-0001\"}]},"
-         + "{\"id\":\"words\",\"type\":\"text\",\"value\":\"TEST-0001\",\"y\":\"10mm\",\"height\":\"5mm\"},"
+         + "{\"id\":\"g\",\"type\":\"group\",\"width\":\"0.1mm\",\"children\":[{\"id\":\"unseen\",\"type\":\"barcode\",\"value\":\"TEST-0001\"}]},"
+         + "{\"id\":\"words\",\"type\":\"barcode\",\"value\":\"TEST-0001\",\"y\":\"10mm\",\"height\":\"5mm\"},"
          + "{\"id\":\"also\",\"type\":\"box\",\"anchor\":\"bottom-left\",\"width\":\"8dot\",\"height\":\"2dot\",\"fill\":true}");
       List<Map<String, Object>> expected = List.of(
          Map.of("code", "DEVICE_UNIT_USED", "severity", "WARNING", "element", "good", "pointer", "/elements/0/x"),

renderer/src/test/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/renderer/scene2/SceneGoldenTest.java

@@ -48,8 +48,14 @@ import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.fail;
  ** Golden labels for the layout cases in `scene2/cases`, at 203, 300 and 600
  ** dpi. Each case has a picture (the page a printer would draw, compared dot
  ** for dot) and the exact ZPL. A box is whole dots of pure ink, so both are
- ** exact on every machine. A golden changes only with a reviewed change to the
- ** layout rules: what this build drew is left in `target/scene2-actual`.
+ ** exact on every machine. Text is measured by integer arithmetic and drawn
+ ** by the Java runtime's rasteriser from the bundled faces only; the text
+ ** goldens were generated on Linux (Temurin 21.0.9, the CI image) and are the
+ ** same bytes on Windows (Temurin 21.0.12), and they are compared exactly on
+ ** both. A golden changes only with a reviewed change to the layout rules or
+ ** the runtime: what this build drew is left in `target/scene2-actual`. The
+ ** runtimes, and the FreeType each ships, are recorded beside the goldens
+ ** (`scene2/README.md`).
  *******************************************************************************/
 class SceneGoldenTest
 {

renderer/src/test/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/renderer/scene2/text/FaceTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,311 @@
+/*
+ * QQQ - Low-code Application Framework for Engineers.
+ * Copyright (C) 2021-2025.  Kingsrook, LLC
+ * 651 N Broad St Ste 205 # 6917 | Middletown DE 19709 | United States
+ * contact@kingsrook.com
+ * https://github.com/Kingsrook/
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.kingsrook.qbits.renderer.scene2.text;
+
+
+import java.awt.Font;
+import java.awt.Rectangle;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.security.MessageDigest;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.HexFormat;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.renderer.scene2.Scene2;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNull;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
+
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ ** The bundled faces: what ships, under which licence, with which hash, and
+ ** that the numbers layout relies on are the font files' own.
+ *******************************************************************************/
+class FaceTest
+{
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** A resource of the renderer jar, or null.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   private static byte[] resource(String path) throws Exception
+   {
+      try(InputStream stream = Face.class.getResourceAsStream(path))
+      {
+         return (stream == null ? null : stream.readAllBytes());
+      }
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** The lowercase hexadecimal SHA-256 of some bytes.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   private static String sha256(byte[] bytes) throws Exception
+   {
+      return (HexFormat.of().formatHex(MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-256").digest(bytes)));
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** Every character of the Basic Multilingual Plane a face draws.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   static List<Integer> drawn(Face face)
+   {
+      List<Integer> drawn = new ArrayList<>();
+      for(int codePoint = 0; codePoint <= Character.MAX_VALUE; codePoint++)
+      {
+         if(face.draws(codePoint))
+         {
+            drawn.add(codePoint);
+         }
+      }
+      return (drawn);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** The set is the five faces the design names, by the names it gives them,
+    ** and no other name is a face.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void theBundledSetIsFiveNamedFaces()
+   {
+      assertEquals(List.of("qqq-sans", "qqq-sans-bold", "qqq-condensed-bold", "qqq-mono", "qqq-mono-bold"), Face.all().stream().map(Face::scene).toList());
+      assertEquals(List.of(false, true, true, false, true), Face.all().stream().map(Face::bold).toList());
+      for(Face face : Face.all())
+      {
+         assertEquals(face, Face.of(face.scene()));
+         assertTrue(face.scene().startsWith("qqq-"), "a bundled face has the reserved prefix");
+      }
+      for(String other : List.of("", "qqq-", "qqq-serif", "QQQ-SANS", "qqq-sans ", "Abel", "IBM Plex Sans"))
+      {
+         assertNull(Face.of(other), other);
+      }
+      assertNull(Face.of(null));
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** Every bundled face ships with its licence text, a provenance note and a
+    ** hash, and the bytes in the jar are the bytes that were hashed. The build
+    ** fails when any of the three is missing or a file changes.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void everyBundledFaceHasItsLicenceProvenanceAndAMatchingHash() throws Exception
+   {
+      Map<String, String> sums = new HashMap<>();
+      for(String line : new String(resource("/fonts/SHA256SUMS"), StandardCharsets.US_ASCII).lines().toList())
+      {
+         assertTrue(line.matches("[0-9a-f]{64}  [A-Za-z0-9./-]+"), line);
+         assertNull(sums.put(line.substring(66), line.substring(0, 64)), "listed twice: " + line);
+      }
+      Set<String> licences = Set.of("ibm-plex-sans/LICENSE.txt", "ibm-plex-sans-condensed/LICENSE.txt", "jetbrains-mono/OFL.txt");
+      assertEquals(Face.all().size() + licences.size(), sums.size(), "the list is exactly the faces and their licences");
+      for(Face face : Face.all())
+      {
+         String directory = face.file().substring(0, face.file().indexOf('/') + 1);
+         byte[] font = resource("/fonts/" + face.file());
+         assertNotNull(font, face.file());
+         assertTrue(font[0] == 0 && font[1] == 1 && font[2] == 0 && font[3] == 0, "static TrueType outlines: " + face.file());
+         assertEquals(sums.get(face.file()), sha256(font), face.file());
+
+         String licence = licences.stream().filter(name -> name.startsWith(directory)).findFirst().orElseThrow();
+         byte[] text = resource("/fonts/" + licence);
+         assertNotNull(text, licence);
+         assertEquals(sums.get(licence), sha256(text), licence);
+         String words = new String(text, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+         assertTrue(words.contains("This Font Software is licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1."), licence);
+         assertTrue(words.contains("SIL OPEN FONT LICENSE Version 1.1 - 26 February 2007") && words.contains("PERMISSION & CONDITIONS") && words.contains("TERMINATION"), "the whole licence text: " + licence);
+
+         byte[] provenance = resource("/fonts/" + directory + "SOURCE.md");
+         assertNotNull(provenance, "provenance of " + face.file());
+         String note = new String(provenance, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+         String name = face.file().substring(directory.length());
+         assertTrue(note.contains("`" + name + "`") && note.contains(sums.get(face.file())) && note.contains(sums.get(licence)), "the provenance names the file and both hashes: " + name);
+         assertTrue(note.contains("https://github.com/") && note.contains("/releases/download/") && note.contains("Archive SHA-256") && (note.contains("Unmodified") || note.contains("unmodified")), name);
+         assertTrue(note.contains("`" + face.scene() + "`"), "the provenance gives the scene name " + face.scene());
+      }
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** A file that is not a font is a broken build and says so; it is never a
+    ** silent fallback to another face.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void aFileThatIsNotAFontIsABrokenBuild()
+   {
+      assertEquals("BUNDLED_FONT_UNREADABLE", assertThrows(IllegalStateException.class, () -> Face.load("/fonts/SHA256SUMS")).getMessage());
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** The bounds each face states are the font file's: the widest character
+    ** (the lowest of those that share the greatest advance, among characters
+    ** with ink), and the furthest any character reaches past its advance on the
+    ** left and right, above the baseline and below it. They are what a length
+    ** is proven against, so they are recomputed here from every character.
+    **
+    ** A character with no ink still moves the pen (a no-break space, an em
+    ** quad), so the greatest advance is taken over every character the face
+    ** draws, inked or not, and the widest inked character must have it: were a
+    ** font ever to carry a blank wider than its widest letter, a line of that
+    ** blank would be wider than the proof allows, and this fails.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void theBoundsOfAFaceAreThoseOfItsFontFile()
+   {
+      for(Face face : Face.all())
+      {
+         int widest = -1;
+         int advance = 0;
+         int inked = 0;
+         int blanks = 0;
+         int left = 0;
+         int right = 0;
+         int top = 0;
+         int bottom = 0;
+         List<Integer> drawn = drawn(face);
+         for(int codePoint : drawn)
+         {
+            Face.Glyph glyph = face.glyph(codePoint);
+            assertTrue(glyph.advance() >= 0 && glyph.advance() <= 2 * Face.REFERENCE, "advance of " + codePoint);
+            assertEquals(glyph.space(), codePoint == ' ');
+            advance = Math.max(advance, glyph.advance());
+            if(!glyph.ink())
+            {
+               assertEquals(new Face.Glyph(glyph.advance(), 0, 0, 0, 0, false, codePoint == ' '), glyph);
+               blanks++;
+               continue;
+            }
+            if(glyph.advance() > inked)
+            {
+               inked = glyph.advance();
+               widest = codePoint;
+            }
+            left = Math.max(left, -glyph.left());
+            right = Math.max(right, glyph.right() - glyph.advance());
+            top = Math.max(top, glyph.top());
+            bottom = Math.max(bottom, glyph.bottom());
+         }
+         assertTrue(drawn.size() > 800, face.scene() + " draws " + drawn.size() + " characters");
+         assertTrue(blanks >= 2 && face.draws(0xA0) && !face.glyph(0xA0).ink() && face.glyph(0xA0).advance() > 0, face.scene() + " draws " + blanks + " characters with no ink, the no-break space among them");
+         assertEquals(advance, inked, face.scene() + ": no character without ink advances further than the widest with ink");
+         assertEquals(new Face.Glyph(advance, -left, advance + right, top, bottom, true, false), face.worst(), face.scene());
+         assertEquals(widest, face.widest(), face.scene());
+         assertEquals(face.glyph(face.widest()).advance(), face.worst().advance());
+
+         /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+         // the faces have 1000 units to the em, so the reference size reads whole numbers //
+         /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+         assertTrue(face.ascent() > 900 && face.ascent() < 1100 && face.descent() > 200 && face.descent() < 350 && face.leading() == 0, face.scene());
+         assertTrue(face.capHeight() > 650 && face.capHeight() < 760, face.scene());
+      }
+      assertEquals(List.of(1025, 275, 698), List.of(Face.SANS.ascent(), Face.SANS.descent(), Face.SANS.capHeight()));
+      assertEquals(List.of(1020, 300, 730), List.of(Face.MONO_BOLD.ascent(), Face.MONO_BOLD.descent(), Face.MONO_BOLD.capHeight()));
+      assertEquals(new Face.Glyph(600, 0, 0, 0, 0, false, true), Face.MONO.glyph(' '));
+      assertEquals(Set.of(600), drawn(Face.MONO).stream().map(codePoint -> Face.MONO.glyph(codePoint).advance()).collect(Collectors.toSet()), "the monospace has one advance");
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** A face draws a character only as one glyph of its own, left to right.
+    ** Controls, formats (which would print nothing), marks that must be placed
+    ** on another letter, scripts that need shaping, and characters outside the
+    ** Basic Multilingual Plane are not drawn; nor is a character the face lacks.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void aFaceDrawsOnlyWhatItCanDrawFaithfully()
+   {
+      for(Face face : Face.all())
+      {
+         for(int codePoint = 0x20; codePoint < 0x7F; codePoint++)
+         {
+            assertTrue(face.draws(codePoint), face.scene() + " draws " + codePoint);
+         }
+         assertTrue(face.draws(TextFit.MARK), "the ellipsis that marks a cut");
+         assertTrue(face.draws(0xE9) && face.draws(0xC5) && face.draws(0xA0) && face.draws(0x20AC));
+         for(int codePoint : List.of(0x00, 0x09, 0x0A, 0x0D, 0x7F, 0x85, 0xAD, 0x200B, 0x200D, 0x202E, 0x2028, 0x2029, 0xFEFF, 0x0301, 0x0627, 0x05D0, 0x0915, 0x4E2D, 0xD83D, 0xE0A0, 0xFFFF, 0x1F600, 0x10FFFF))
+         {
+            assertFalse(face.draws(codePoint), face.scene() + " must not draw " + Integer.toHexString(codePoint));
+         }
+         assertEquals(0, face.missing("TEST-0001 (01)00012345678905 café")); // e acute
+         assertEquals(0, face.missing(""));
+         assertEquals(4, face.missing("A\tB́😀C中")); // a tab, a combining acute, one emoji (two units, one character), a CJK ideograph
+         assertEquals(3, face.glyphs("A B").length);
+         assertTrue(face.glyphs("A B")[1].space() && !face.glyphs("A B")[0].space());
+      }
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** The rasteriser keeps every glyph inside the box layout measures for it:
+    ** the outline at the reference size, scaled exactly, and `TextFit.SLOP`
+    ** dots. Held for every character of every face over the sizes and
+    ** resolutions labels use, and at the ends of what the renderer accepts:
+    ** 1 pt and 2 pt, where a glyph is a few dots, and 300 pt and 1000 pt,
+    ** where it is drawn from its outline. (That the ink itself stays inside is
+    ** held where text is drawn: `TextRasterTest`.)
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void everyGlyphIsRasterisedInsideItsMeasuredBox()
+   {
+      for(Face face : Face.all())
+      {
+         List<Integer> drawn = drawn(face);
+         for(int dpi : Scene2.RESOLUTIONS)
+         {
+            for(int milliPoints : List.of(1000, 2000, 5000, 6250, 7000, 8000, 9000, 10_500, 12_000, 18_000, 36_000, 72_000, 300_000, 1_000_000))
+            {
+               TextFit.Scale scale = new TextFit.Scale(milliPoints, dpi);
+               Font font = face.font(scale.size());
+               for(int codePoint : drawn)
+               {
+                  Face.Glyph glyph = face.glyph(codePoint);
+                  Rectangle pixels = font.createGlyphVector(Face.CONTEXT, new char[] {(char) codePoint}).getGlyphPixelBounds(0, Face.CONTEXT, 0, 0);
+                  if(!glyph.ink())
+                  {
+                     assertTrue(pixels.isEmpty(), "ink where none is measured");
+                     continue;
+                  }
+                  boolean inside = pixels.x >= scale.floor(glyph.left()) - TextFit.SLOP && pixels.x + pixels.width <= scale.ceil(glyph.right()) + TextFit.SLOP
+                     && -pixels.y <= scale.ceil(glyph.top()) + TextFit.SLOP && pixels.y + pixels.height <= scale.ceil(glyph.bottom()) + TextFit.SLOP;
+                  assertTrue(inside, () -> face.scene() + " U+" + Integer.toHexString(codePoint) + " at " + milliPoints + " millipoints, " + dpi + " dpi: " + pixels + " outside " + glyph);
+               }
+            }
+         }
+      }
+   }
+}

renderer/src/test/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/renderer/scene2/text/TextFitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,871 @@
+/*
+ * QQQ - Low-code Application Framework for Engineers.
+ * Copyright (C) 2021-2025.  Kingsrook, LLC
+ * 651 N Broad St Ste 205 # 6917 | Middletown DE 19709 | United States
+ * contact@kingsrook.com
+ * https://github.com/Kingsrook/
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.kingsrook.qbits.renderer.scene2.text;
+
+
+import java.math.BigDecimal;
+import java.math.RoundingMode;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Random;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.renderer.scene2.Scene2;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
+
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ ** The fit rules, by example and as properties over seeded, deterministic
+ ** generators (fixed seeds, no clock): text, face, box, size, floor, lines and
+ ** resolution.
+ *******************************************************************************/
+class TextFitTest
+{
+   static final long[] SEEDS = {20261112L, 7L, 4242L};
+   static final int CASES = 600;
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** One generated case.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   record Case(TextFit.Request request, String text)
+   {
+      /************************************************************************
+       ** The same case with another nominal size and floor, and no cutting.
+       ************************************************************************/
+      Case at(int nominal, int floor)
+      {
+         TextFit.Request from = request;
+         return (new Case(new TextFit.Request(from.face(), from.width(), from.height(), from.dpi(), nominal, floor, from.lineHeight(), from.maxLines(), false), text));
+      }
+
+
+
+      /************************************************************************
+       ** The same case for another text.
+       ************************************************************************/
+      Case of(String other)
+      {
+         return (new Case(request, other));
+      }
+
+
+
+      /************************************************************************
+       ** Fit it.
+       ************************************************************************/
+      TextFit.Block fit()
+      {
+         return (TextFit.fit(request, request.face().glyphs(text), request.face().glyph(TextFit.MARK)));
+      }
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** A request in a box, with the face's own line pitch, one line, no cutting.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   static TextFit.Request request(Face face, int width, int height, int nominal, int floor)
+   {
+      return (new TextFit.Request(face, width, height, 203, nominal, floor, null, 1, false));
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** The same request with more lines, and cutting or not.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   static TextFit.Request lines(TextFit.Request request, int maxLines, boolean truncate)
+   {
+      return (new TextFit.Request(request.face(), request.width(), request.height(), request.dpi(), request.nominal(), request.floor(), request.lineHeight(), maxLines, truncate));
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** Fit a text of a face's own characters.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   static TextFit.Block fit(TextFit.Request request, String text)
+   {
+      return (new Case(request, text).fit());
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** The characters of each line, with `~` where the ellipsis is.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   static List<String> shown(TextFit.Block block, String text)
+   {
+      return (block.lines().stream().map(line -> text.substring(line.from(), line.to()) + (line.marked() ? "~" : "")).toList());
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** A generated case: labels are small boxes, short values and type from 5 to
+    ** 30 pt. A third of the texts have no space, as identifiers do.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   static Case generate(Random random)
+   {
+      Face face = Face.all().get(random.nextInt(Face.all().size()));
+      int dpi = Scene2.RESOLUTIONS.get(random.nextInt(3));
+      int nominal = 5000 + random.nextInt(101) * 250 + (random.nextInt(4) == 0 ? random.nextInt(250) : 0);
+      int floor = switch(random.nextInt(4))
+      {
+         case 0 -> nominal;
+         case 1 -> Math.max(1000, nominal * 7 / 10);
+         default -> 1000 + random.nextInt(nominal - 999);
+      };
+      Integer lineHeight = random.nextInt(3) == 0 ? Integer.valueOf(700 + random.nextInt(1500)) : null;
+      int width = (20 + random.nextInt(700)) * dpi / 203;
+      int height = (8 + random.nextInt(160)) * dpi / 203;
+      String alphabet = switch(random.nextInt(3))
+      {
+         case 0 -> "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789-()/.";
+         case 1 -> "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzWMfjgyÅé‰ "; // A ring, e acute, per mille
+         default -> "il1.,' WM@‰⁄ǺĢ "; // per mille, fraction slash, A ring acute, G cedilla: the widest and furthest-reaching
+      };
+      StringBuilder text = new StringBuilder();
+      int length = random.nextInt(48);
+      boolean spaces = random.nextInt(3) != 0;
+      for(int index = 0; index < length; index++)
+      {
+         text.append(spaces && random.nextInt(6) == 0 ? ' ' : alphabet.charAt(random.nextInt(alphabet.length())));
+      }
+      return (new Case(new TextFit.Request(face, width, height, dpi, nominal, floor, lineHeight, 1 + random.nextInt(4), random.nextInt(3) == 0), text.toString()));
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** The search `fit` must agree with, made in full: every quarter-point step
+    ** from the nominal size down to the floor, each laid out between words and
+    ** then at any character, the first that fits taken. This is the search the
+    ** fit was first written as. It shares with `fit` only the layout at one
+    ** size (`TextFit.at`), and none of what `fit` uses to skip sizes.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   static TextFit.Block linear(TextFit.Request request, Face.Glyph[] glyphs, Face.Glyph mark, TextFit.Work work)
+   {
+      int count = glyphs.length;
+      while(count > 0 && glyphs[count - 1].space())
+      {
+         count--;
+      }
+      int size = request.nominal();
+      while(true)
+      {
+         TextFit.Block block = TextFit.at(request, TextFit.Leading.of(request), size, glyphs, count, mark, work);
+         if(block.fits() || size == request.floor())
+         {
+            return (block);
+         }
+         size = Math.max(request.floor(), size - TextFit.STEP_MILLIPOINTS);
+      }
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** A generated case over everything a scene may state: type from 1 pt to
+    ** 1000 pt with a floor anywhere under it, boxes from a few dots to a large
+    ** label, up to 64 lines, any line height, and texts of up to 160
+    ** characters, some without a space, some of the widest and
+    ** furthest-reaching characters, some led or followed by spaces.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   static Case wide(Random random)
+   {
+      Face face = Face.all().get(random.nextInt(Face.all().size()));
+      int dpi = Scene2.RESOLUTIONS.get(random.nextInt(3));
+      int nominal = switch(random.nextInt(4))
+      {
+         case 0 -> 1000 + random.nextInt(9001);
+         case 1 -> 5000 + random.nextInt(30_001);
+         case 2 -> 20_000 + random.nextInt(280_001);
+         default -> 1000 + random.nextInt(999_001);
+      };
+      int floor = switch(random.nextInt(4))
+      {
+         case 0 -> 1000;
+         case 1 -> Math.max(1000, nominal / 10);
+         case 2 -> Math.max(1000, nominal - random.nextInt(4000));
+         default -> 1000 + random.nextInt(nominal - 999);
+      };
+      Integer lineHeight = random.nextInt(3) == 0 ? Integer.valueOf(500 + random.nextInt(4501)) : null;
+      int width = switch(random.nextInt(3))
+      {
+         case 0 -> 1 + random.nextInt(60);
+         case 1 -> 20 + random.nextInt(700);
+         default -> 200 + random.nextInt(6000);
+      };
+      int height = switch(random.nextInt(3))
+      {
+         case 0 -> 1 + random.nextInt(40);
+         case 1 -> 8 + random.nextInt(300);
+         default -> 100 + random.nextInt(4000);
+      };
+      String alphabet = switch(random.nextInt(4))
+      {
+         case 0 -> "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789-()/.";
+         case 1 -> "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzWMfjgyÅé‰ "; // A ring, e acute, per mille
+         case 2 -> "il1.,' WM@‰⁄ǺĢ "; // per mille, fraction slash, A ring acute, G cedilla: the widest and furthest-reaching
+         default -> new String(Character.toChars(face.widest())) + "j "; // the widest, a letter that starts left of the pen, a no-break space
+      };
+      StringBuilder text = new StringBuilder(random.nextInt(5) == 0 ? "  " : "");
+      int length = random.nextInt(4) == 0 ? random.nextInt(160) : random.nextInt(40);
+      int spaces = random.nextInt(3);
+      for(int index = 0; index < length; index++)
+      {
+         text.append(spaces > 0 && random.nextInt(spaces == 1 ? 6 : 2) == 0 ? ' ' : alphabet.charAt(random.nextInt(alphabet.length())));
+      }
+      return (new Case(new TextFit.Request(face, width, height, dpi, nominal, floor, lineHeight, 1 + random.nextInt(random.nextInt(3) == 0 ? 64 : 4), random.nextInt(3) == 0), text.toString()));
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** Dots are thousandths of the em times the size times the resolution over
+    ** 72 000 000, rounded down, up or to the nearest: checked against exact
+    ** decimal arithmetic, negative lengths included.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void theScaleRoundsExactly()
+   {
+      Random random = new Random(SEEDS[0]);
+      for(int index = 0; index < 5000; index++)
+      {
+         TextFit.Scale scale = new TextFit.Scale(1000 + random.nextInt(999_001), Scene2.RESOLUTIONS.get(random.nextInt(3)));
+         long units = random.nextInt(3_000_001) - 1_500_000L;
+         BigDecimal exact = BigDecimal.valueOf(units).multiply(BigDecimal.valueOf(scale.milliPoints())).multiply(BigDecimal.valueOf(scale.dpi())).divide(BigDecimal.valueOf(72_000_000L), 12, RoundingMode.HALF_EVEN);
+         assertEquals(exact.setScale(0, RoundingMode.FLOOR).intValueExact(), scale.floor(units));
+         assertEquals(exact.setScale(0, RoundingMode.CEILING).intValueExact(), scale.ceil(units));
+         assertEquals(exact.add(new BigDecimal("0.5")).setScale(0, RoundingMode.FLOOR).intValueExact(), scale.round(units));
+      }
+      assertEquals(25.375f, new TextFit.Scale(9000, 203).size());
+      assertEquals(100f, new TextFit.Scale(12_000, 600).size());
+      assertEquals(List.of(25, 26, 25), List.of(new TextFit.Scale(9000, 203).floor(1000), new TextFit.Scale(9000, 203).ceil(1000), new TextFit.Scale(9000, 203).round(1000)));
+      assertEquals(List.of(-26, -25, -25), List.of(new TextFit.Scale(9000, 203).floor(-1000), new TextFit.Scale(9000, 203).ceil(-1000), new TextFit.Scale(9000, 203).round(-1000)));
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** The default: one line. A text that fits at its size keeps it; one that
+    ** does not is reduced a quarter point at a time to the largest size that
+    ** fits; one that does not fit at the floor is refused with what it
+    ** measured there.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void oneLineShrinksToTheLargestSizeThatFitsThenRefuses()
+   {
+      ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+      // 9 pt at 203 dpi is 25.375 dots to the em and the monospace advances 0.6 em: 12 letters //
+      // are 183 dots, and the line is 2 dots wider on each inked side                         //
+      ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+      TextFit.Block fits = fit(request(Face.MONO_BOLD, 200, 40, 9000, 6300), "ABCDEFGHIJKL");
+      assertTrue(fits.fits() && !fits.truncated());
+      assertEquals(9000, fits.milliPoints());
+      assertEquals(List.of("ABCDEFGHIJKL"), shown(fits, "ABCDEFGHIJKL"));
+      assertEquals(12, fits.characters());
+      assertTrue(fits.width() >= 183 && fits.width() <= 187, "width " + fits.width());
+      assertEquals(fits.width(), fits.lines().get(0).width());
+      assertEquals(List.of(26, 34), List.of(fits.baseline(), fits.height()), "ascent 1.02 em and descent 0.3 em, each rounded up");
+
+      TextFit.Block shrunk = fit(request(Face.MONO_BOLD, 160, 40, 9000, 6300), "ABCDEFGHIJKL");
+      assertTrue(shrunk.fits() && shrunk.milliPoints() < 9000 && shrunk.milliPoints() >= 6300 && shrunk.milliPoints() % 250 == 0);
+      assertTrue(shrunk.width() <= 160);
+      assertFalse(fit(request(Face.MONO_BOLD, 160, 40, shrunk.milliPoints() + 250, shrunk.milliPoints() + 250), "ABCDEFGHIJKL").fits(), "a quarter point larger does not fit");
+
+      TextFit.Block refused = fit(request(Face.MONO_BOLD, 100, 40, 9000, 6300), "ABCDEFGHIJKL");
+      assertFalse(refused.fits());
+      assertEquals(6300, refused.milliPoints());
+      assertTrue(refused.lines().size() > 1 && refused.width() <= 100, "measured broken at any character: " + refused);
+      assertEquals(12, refused.shown());
+
+      ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+      // the floor need not be on the quarter-point grid from the size: it is the last size    //
+      ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+      TextFit.Block floor = fit(request(Face.MONO_BOLD, 134, 40, 9000, 6400), "ABCDEFGHIJKL");
+      assertTrue(floor.fits());
+      assertEquals(6400, floor.milliPoints());
+
+      ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+      // too tall is refused as too wide is: the box is 20 dots high and the floor needs 25    //
+      ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+      TextFit.Block tall = fit(request(Face.MONO_BOLD, 400, 20, 9000, 6300), "ABC");
+      assertFalse(tall.fits());
+      assertTrue(tall.height() > 20 && tall.lines().size() == 1);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** Nothing to draw always fits: an empty value, or one of spaces only.
+    ** Spaces at the end of a text take no room; spaces at its start do.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void spacesAtTheEndTakeNoRoom()
+   {
+      for(String blank : List.of("", " ", "     "))
+      {
+         TextFit.Block block = fit(request(Face.SANS, 1, 1, 9000, 9000), blank);
+         assertTrue(block.fits() && block.lines().isEmpty() && !block.truncated());
+         assertEquals(List.of(0, 0, 0, 0), List.of(block.width(), block.height(), block.characters(), block.shown()));
+      }
+      TextFit.Request request = request(Face.SANS_BOLD, 300, 40, 9000, 9000);
+      TextFit.Block plain = fit(request, "AB");
+      assertEquals(plain, fit(request, "AB    "));
+      TextFit.Block led = fit(request, "  AB");
+      int shift = new TextFit.Scale(9000, 203).round(2L * Face.SANS_BOLD.glyph(' ').advance());
+      assertTrue(shift > 8 && led.width() >= plain.width() + shift - 2 * TextFit.SLOP && led.width() <= plain.width() + shift + 1, plain.width() + " then " + led.width());
+      assertEquals(4, led.characters());
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** With more lines allowed, a line is broken between words while that fits,
+    ** and at any character when it does not: a larger size is preferred to
+    ** whole words, and a value with no space wraps.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void linesBreakBetweenWordsAndThenAtAnyCharacter()
+   {
+      ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+      // the monospace at 9 pt, 203 dpi advances 15.225 dots: a 100 dot box holds 6 letters    //
+      ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+      TextFit.Request box = request(Face.MONO, 100, 200, 9000, 9000);
+      assertEquals(List.of("AAA", "BBB", "CCC"), shown(fit(lines(box, 3, false), "AAA BBB CCC"), "AAA BBB CCC"));
+      assertEquals(List.of("AAA BB", "CCC"), shown(fit(lines(box, 2, false), "AAA BB   CCC"), "AAA BB   CCC"), "spaces at a break are dropped");
+      assertEquals(List.of("AAA BB", "B CCC"), shown(fit(lines(box, 2, false), "AAA BBB CCC"), "AAA BBB CCC"), "two lines only when broken at any character");
+      assertEquals(List.of("L24061", "1A-RET", "URNED"), shown(fit(lines(box, 3, false), "L240611A-RETURNED"), "L240611A-RETURNED"));
+      assertEquals(9000, fit(lines(box, 2, false), "AAA BBB CCC").milliPoints());
+
+      TextFit.Block refused = fit(lines(box, 2, false), "L240611A-RETURNED");
+      assertFalse(refused.fits());
+      assertEquals(3, refused.lines().size());
+
+      ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+      // a stated line height sets the distance between baselines; the block is one ascent,    //
+      // the pitches between, and one descent                                                  //
+      ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+      TextFit.Block natural = fit(lines(box, 3, false), "AAA BBB CCC");
+      assertEquals(List.of(34, 26, 26 + 2 * 34 + 8), List.of(natural.pitch(), natural.baseline(), natural.height()));
+      TextFit.Block tight = TextFit.fit(new TextFit.Request(Face.MONO, 100, 200, 203, 9000, 9000, 1000, 3, false), Face.MONO.glyphs("AAA BBB CCC"), null);
+      assertEquals(List.of(26, 26, 26 + 2 * 26 + 8), List.of(tight.pitch(), tight.baseline(), tight.height()));
+
+      ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+      // a character wider than the box stands alone on a line that does not fit               //
+      ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+      TextFit.Block narrow = fit(lines(request(Face.MONO, 10, 200, 9000, 9000), 4, false), "AB");
+      assertFalse(narrow.fits());
+      assertEquals(List.of("A", "B"), shown(narrow, "AB"));
+      assertTrue(narrow.width() > 10);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** Cutting happens only when the element asked for it and only when the text
+    ** fits at no size down to the floor. The last line that fits ends with the
+    ** ellipsis after as many characters as fit beside it; when not even the
+    ** ellipsis fits, the text is refused.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void truncationIsOnlyWhenAskedAndAlwaysShowsTheMark()
+   {
+      String text = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";
+      TextFit.Request box = request(Face.MONO, 100, 80, 9000, 9000);
+      assertFalse(fit(box, text).fits());
+      assertFalse(fit(lines(box, 2, false), text).truncated());
+
+      TextFit.Block cut = fit(lines(box, 1, true), text);
+      assertTrue(cut.fits() && cut.truncated());
+      assertEquals(List.of("ABCDE~"), shown(cut, text));
+      assertEquals(List.of(26, 5), List.of(cut.characters(), cut.shown()));
+      assertTrue(cut.width() <= 100);
+
+      TextFit.Block two = fit(lines(box, 2, true), text);
+      assertEquals(List.of("ABCDEF", "GHIJK~"), shown(two, text));
+      assertEquals(11, two.shown());
+
+      ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+      // the box is high enough for one line only: the second is given up for the mark         //
+      ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+      TextFit.Block low = fit(lines(request(Face.MONO, 100, 40, 9000, 9000), 3, true), text);
+      assertEquals(List.of("ABCDE~"), shown(low, text));
+
+      ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+      // a text that fits is not cut and has no mark, though cutting is allowed; one that fits //
+      // after shrinking is shrunk, not cut                                                    //
+      ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+      assertEquals(List.of("ABCDEF"), shown(fit(lines(box, 1, true), "ABCDEF"), "ABCDEF"));
+      TextFit.Block shrunk = fit(lines(request(Face.MONO, 100, 80, 9000, 6000), 1, true), "ABCDEFGH");
+      assertTrue(shrunk.fits() && !shrunk.truncated() && shrunk.milliPoints() < 9000);
+
+      ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+      // spaces before the mark are dropped; the mark may stand alone; and where it cannot     //
+      // stand at all, or a line is too high, the answer is the refusal                        //
+      ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+      assertEquals(List.of("ABC~"), shown(fit(lines(box, 1, true), "ABC  DEFGHIJKL"), "ABC  DEFGHIJKL"));
+      assertEquals(List.of("~"), shown(fit(lines(request(Face.MONO, 22, 80, 9000, 9000), 1, true), text), text));
+      assertFalse(fit(lines(request(Face.MONO, 12, 80, 9000, 9000), 1, true), text).fits());
+      assertFalse(fit(lines(request(Face.MONO, 100, 20, 9000, 9000), 1, true), text).fits());
+      assertFalse(fit(lines(request(Face.MONO, 400, 20, 9000, 9000), 1, true), "ABC").fits(), "a line that is too high is too high with the mark");
+
+      ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+      // the last line of a text is cut too when the text fits at no size: here one letter is //
+      // wider than the box and the mark is not, and here an accent above the ascent is too   //
+      // high for the box and is given up for the mark                                         //
+      ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+      assertEquals(List.of("~"), shown(fit(lines(request(Face.SANS, 26, 80, 9000, 9000), 1, true), "\u2030"), "\u2030")); // per mille
+      TextFit.Request shallow = lines(request(Face.SANS_BOLD, 200, 36, 9000, 9000), 1, true);
+      assertTrue(fit(shallow, "ABC").fits() && !fit(shallow, "ABC").truncated());
+      assertEquals(List.of("AB~"), shown(fit(shallow, "AB\u01FA"), "AB\u01FA")); // A ring acute
+      assertFalse(fit(lines(shallow, 1, false), "AB\u01FA").fits()); // A ring acute
+
+      ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+      // broken at any character, spaces at the start of a text stay on a line of their own   //
+      // rather than push the first letter out of the box                                      //
+      ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+      assertEquals(List.of("        ", "ABCDE"), shown(fit(lines(box, 2, false), "        ABCDE"), "        ABCDE"));
+      assertEquals(List.of("  ABCD", "E"), shown(fit(lines(box, 2, false), "  ABCDE"), "  ABCDE"));
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** Property: the answer is a layout inside the box or a refusal whose
+    ** measurement exceeds its limit. The size is never above the nominal and
+    ** never below the floor; it is on the quarter-point steps from the nominal
+    ** or is the floor. The lines are the text in order, whole unless cut, and
+    ** never more than allowed. A text is cut only when asked, only at the
+    ** floor, and then its last line carries the mark.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void theAnswerIsALayoutInsideTheBoxOrARefusalThatMeasuresMore()
+   {
+      int fitted = 0;
+      int refused = 0;
+      int cut = 0;
+      for(long seed : SEEDS)
+      {
+         Random random = new Random(seed);
+         for(int index = 0; index < CASES; index++)
+         {
+            Case generated = generate(random);
+            TextFit.Request request = generated.request();
+            TextFit.Block block = generated.fit();
+            String about = "seed " + seed + " case " + index + ": " + request + " for " + generated.text().length() + " characters gave " + block;
+            String trimmed = generated.text().stripTrailing();
+            assertEquals(trimmed.length(), block.characters(), about);
+            assertTrue(block.milliPoints() <= request.nominal() && block.milliPoints() >= request.floor(), about);
+            assertTrue(block.milliPoints() == request.floor() || (request.nominal() - block.milliPoints()) % TextFit.STEP_MILLIPOINTS == 0, about);
+            int next = 0;
+            for(int line = 0; line < block.lines().size(); line++)
+            {
+               TextFit.Line each = block.lines().get(line);
+               assertTrue(trimmed.substring(next, each.from()).isBlank() && each.to() >= each.from() && each.left() <= 0 && each.width() <= block.width(), about);
+               assertTrue(each.to() > each.from() || each.marked(), about);
+               assertTrue(each.to() == each.from() || trimmed.charAt(each.to() - 1) != ' ' || !each.marked(), about + ": a space before the mark");
+               assertEquals(each.marked(), block.truncated() && line == block.lines().size() - 1, about);
+               next = each.to();
+            }
+            assertEquals(block.shown(), next, about);
+            if(block.fits())
+            {
+               fitted++;
+               assertTrue(block.lines().size() <= request.maxLines() && block.width() <= request.width() && block.height() <= request.height(), about);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+               refused++;
+               assertTrue(block.lines().size() > request.maxLines() || block.width() > request.width() || block.height() > request.height(), about);
+               assertEquals(request.floor(), block.milliPoints(), about);
+               assertFalse(block.truncated(), about);
+            }
+            if(block.truncated())
+            {
+               cut++;
+               assertTrue(request.truncate() && block.fits() && block.milliPoints() == request.floor() && block.shown() < block.characters(), about);
+               assertFalse(generated.at(request.floor(), request.floor()).fit().fits(), about);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+               assertEquals(trimmed.length(), block.shown(), about);
+            }
+         }
+      }
+      assertTrue(fitted > 300 && refused > 300 && cut > 50, "the cases must reach every outcome: " + fitted + " fitted, " + refused + " refused, " + cut + " cut");
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** Property: a text that fits at its nominal size is never shrunk, and the
+    ** size chosen is the largest that fits: the step above it does not.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void aTextThatFitsIsNeverShrunkAndTheChosenSizeIsTheLargestThatFits()
+   {
+      int kept = 0;
+      int shrunk = 0;
+      for(long seed : SEEDS)
+      {
+         Random random = new Random(seed);
+         for(int index = 0; index < CASES; index++)
+         {
+            Case generated = generate(random);
+            TextFit.Request request = generated.request();
+            TextFit.Block block = generated.fit();
+            String about = "seed " + seed + " case " + index + ": " + request + " gave " + block;
+            TextFit.Block nominal = generated.at(request.nominal(), request.nominal()).fit();
+            if(nominal.fits())
+            {
+               kept++;
+               assertEquals(nominal, block, about);
+               assertEquals(request.nominal(), block.milliPoints(), about);
+            }
+            else if(block.fits() && !block.truncated())
+            {
+               shrunk++;
+               assertTrue(block.milliPoints() < request.nominal(), about);
+               int steps = (request.nominal() - block.milliPoints() - 1) / TextFit.STEP_MILLIPOINTS;
+               int above = request.nominal() - steps * TextFit.STEP_MILLIPOINTS;
+               assertTrue(above > block.milliPoints() && above - block.milliPoints() <= TextFit.STEP_MILLIPOINTS, about);
+               assertFalse(generated.at(above, above).fit().fits(), about + ", yet it fits at " + above);
+               assertEquals(block, generated.at(block.milliPoints(), block.milliPoints()).fit(), about);
+            }
+         }
+      }
+      assertTrue(kept > 200 && shrunk > 100, "the cases must reach both: " + kept + " kept, " + shrunk + " shrunk");
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** Property: in the same box a shorter text never gets a smaller size than a
+    ** longer one that starts with it, and fits whenever the longer one does.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void aShorterTextNeverGetsASmallerSizeThanALongerOne()
+   {
+      int compared = 0;
+      for(long seed : SEEDS)
+      {
+         Random random = new Random(seed);
+         for(int index = 0; index < CASES; index++)
+         {
+            Case generated = generate(random);
+            if(generated.text().isEmpty())
+            {
+               continue;
+            }
+            Case all = generated.at(generated.request().nominal(), generated.request().floor());
+            TextFit.Block longer = all.fit();
+            TextFit.Block shorter = all.of(generated.text().substring(0, random.nextInt(generated.text().length()))).fit();
+            String about = "seed " + seed + " case " + index + ": " + all.request() + " gave " + shorter + " and then " + longer;
+            if(longer.fits())
+            {
+               compared++;
+               assertTrue(shorter.fits() && shorter.milliPoints() >= longer.milliPoints() && shorter.lines().size() <= longer.lines().size(), about);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+               assertTrue(!shorter.fits() || shorter.milliPoints() >= longer.milliPoints(), about);
+            }
+         }
+      }
+      assertTrue(compared > 300, "compared " + compared);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** Property: when the longest value is proven to fit (that many of the
+    ** face's worst character), no text of up to that many characters is
+    ** refused, whatever its characters, with spaces or without, cut or not.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void aProvenLengthImpliesNoRefusalForAnyTextUpToThatLength()
+   {
+      int proven = 0;
+      int tried = 0;
+      for(long seed : SEEDS)
+      {
+         Random random = new Random(seed);
+         for(int index = 0; index < CASES; index++)
+         {
+            Case generated = generate(random);
+            TextFit.Request request = generated.request();
+            Face face = request.face();
+            int maxLength = 1 + random.nextInt(40);
+            Face.Glyph[] worst = new Face.Glyph[maxLength];
+            Arrays.fill(worst, face.worst());
+            TextFit.Block proof = TextFit.fit(request, worst, face.glyph(TextFit.MARK));
+            if(!proof.fits())
+            {
+               continue;
+            }
+            proven++;
+            List<Integer> drawn = FaceTest.drawn(face);
+            for(int attempt = 0; attempt < 12; attempt++)
+            {
+               StringBuilder text = new StringBuilder();
+               int length = attempt == 0 ? maxLength : 1 + random.nextInt(maxLength);
+               for(int character = 0; character < length; character++)
+               {
+                  int choice = attempt % 4;
+                  text.appendCodePoint(choice == 0 ? face.widest() : choice == 1 && random.nextInt(5) == 0 ? ' ' : choice == 3 ? "⁄ǺĢ‰Wj".charAt(random.nextInt(6)) : drawn.get(random.nextInt(drawn.size())));
+               }
+               tried++;
+               TextFit.Block block = generated.of(text.toString()).fit();
+               assertTrue(block.fits(), () -> "seed " + seed + ": " + request + " proves " + maxLength + " characters with " + proof + " yet refuses " + text.length() + " as " + block);
+               assertTrue(block.milliPoints() >= proof.milliPoints(), "a real text is never smaller than the proof");
+            }
+         }
+      }
+      assertTrue(proven > 150 && tried > 1500, "proven " + proven + ", tried " + tried);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** The proof agrees with rendering for the widest character: the longest
+    ** length it proves is drawn, and it is short of the longest that is really
+    ** drawn by no more than one character a line, which is the room the proof
+    ** keeps for characters that reach past their advance.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void theProofAgreesWithTheWidestCharacters()
+   {
+      for(Face face : Face.all())
+      {
+         for(int dpi : Scene2.RESOLUTIONS)
+         {
+            for(int maxLines : List.of(1, 2, 3))
+            {
+               TextFit.Request request = new TextFit.Request(face, 700 * dpi / 203, 150 * dpi / 203, dpi, 11_000, 7000, null, maxLines, false);
+               int proven = 0;
+               int drawn = 0;
+               for(int length = 1; length <= 200; length++)
+               {
+                  Face.Glyph[] worst = new Face.Glyph[length];
+                  Arrays.fill(worst, face.worst());
+                  proven = TextFit.fit(request, worst, null).fits() ? length : proven;
+                  drawn = fit(request, new String(Character.toChars(face.widest())).repeat(length)).fits() ? length : drawn;
+               }
+               String about = face.scene() + " at " + dpi + " dpi on " + maxLines + " lines: proven " + proven + ", drawn " + drawn;
+               assertTrue(proven >= 20 * maxLines && drawn < 200, about);
+               assertTrue(proven <= drawn && drawn - proven <= maxLines, about);
+            }
+         }
+      }
+   }
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** Property: the answer is exactly the one the search of every size gives:
+    ** the same size, the same lines, the same numbers, fitted, refused or cut.
+    ** Held over the cases labels use and over everything a scene may state,
+    ** and for a proof of the face's worst character as for a text. The search
+    ** of every size visits far more characters than `fit` does.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void theAnswerIsExactlyThatOfTheSearchOfEverySize()
+   {
+      int fitted = 0;
+      int shrunk = 0;
+      int refused = 0;
+      int cut = 0;
+      int deep = 0;
+      long spent = 0;
+      long searched = 0;
+      for(long seed : SEEDS)
+      {
+         Random random = new Random(seed);
+         for(int index = 0; index < 2 * CASES; index++)
+         {
+            Case generated = index < CASES ? generate(random) : wide(random);
+            TextFit.Request request = generated.request();
+            Face face = request.face();
+            Face.Glyph[] glyphs = face.glyphs(generated.text());
+            if(index % 7 == 0)
+            {
+               glyphs = new Face.Glyph[1 + random.nextInt(60)];
+               Arrays.fill(glyphs, face.worst());
+            }
+            TextFit.Work work = new TextFit.Work(Long.MAX_VALUE);
+            TextFit.Work every = new TextFit.Work(Long.MAX_VALUE);
+            TextFit.Block block = TextFit.fit(request, glyphs, face.glyph(TextFit.MARK), work);
+            TextFit.Block expected = linear(request, glyphs, face.glyph(TextFit.MARK), every);
+            int length = glyphs.length;
+            assertEquals(expected, block, () -> "seed " + seed + " case " + request + " for " + length + " characters");
+            assertEquals(block, TextFit.fit(request, glyphs, face.glyph(TextFit.MARK)), "the same with no allowance stated");
+            spent += work.spent();
+            searched += every.spent();
+            fitted += block.fits() && !block.truncated() ? 1 : 0;
+            shrunk += block.fits() && !block.truncated() && block.milliPoints() < request.nominal() ? 1 : 0;
+            deep += block.fits() && request.nominal() - block.milliPoints() > 40 * TextFit.STEP_MILLIPOINTS ? 1 : 0;
+            refused += block.fits() ? 0 : 1;
+            cut += block.truncated() ? 1 : 0;
+         }
+      }
+      assertTrue(fitted > 900 && shrunk > 300 && deep > 100 && refused > 500 && cut > 150, "the cases must reach every outcome: " + fitted + " fitted, " + shrunk + " shrunk, " + deep + " by more than 10 pt, " + refused + " refused, " + cut + " cut");
+      assertTrue(searched > 20L * spent, "the search of every size visited " + searched + " characters, the fit " + spent);
+      System.out.println("3600 fits: " + spent + " characters visited, where the search of every size visits " + searched);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** The case an independent review measured at 140 to 250 ms a fit: 1024
+    ** characters at 600 dpi, type of 1000 pt that may shrink to 1 pt (four
+    ** thousand sizes), in boxes it fits at no size, at a small size, or only
+    ** cut. The answer is the one the search of every size gives, for under
+    ** forty times the characters of the text where that search visits more
+    ** than ten thousand times them. The time is printed; the count is held,
+    ** because it is the same on every machine.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void theWorstCaseOfTheShrinkSearchIsHeldToAStatedWork()
+   {
+      String wide = "W".repeat(1024);
+      String words = "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog 0123456789 ".repeat(19).substring(0, 1024);
+      long most = 0;
+      long least = Long.MAX_VALUE;
+      long nanoseconds = 0;
+      long linearNanoseconds = 0;
+      int fits = 0;
+      for(int[] box : new int[][] {{20, 20, 64}, {20, 20, 1}, {40, 40, 64}, {200, 30, 1}, {600, 300, 64}, {2400, 1200, 64}, {2400, 1200, 1}, {9000, 30_000, 64}, {9000, 30_000, 2}})
+      {
+         for(String text : List.of(wide, words))
+         {
+            for(boolean truncate : List.of(false, true))
+            {
+               TextFit.Request request = new TextFit.Request(Face.SANS, box[0], box[1], 600, 1_000_000, 1000, null, box[2], truncate);
+               Face.Glyph[] glyphs = Face.SANS.glyphs(text);
+               TextFit.Work work = new TextFit.Work(Long.MAX_VALUE);
+               TextFit.Work every = new TextFit.Work(Long.MAX_VALUE);
+               long start = System.nanoTime();
+               TextFit.Block block = TextFit.fit(request, glyphs, Face.SANS.glyph(TextFit.MARK), work);
+               nanoseconds += System.nanoTime() - start;
+               start = System.nanoTime();
+               assertEquals(linear(request, glyphs, Face.SANS.glyph(TextFit.MARK), every), block, () -> "in " + request);
+               linearNanoseconds += System.nanoTime() - start;
+               assertTrue(work.spent() <= 40L * 1024, "in " + request + ": " + work.spent() + " characters visited");
+               most = Math.max(most, work.spent());
+               least = Math.min(least, every.spent());
+               fits += block.fits() ? 1 : 0;
+            }
+         }
+      }
+      assertTrue(least > 10_000L * 1024, "the search of every size visited at least " + least + " characters");
+      assertTrue(fits > 20 && fits < 36, fits + " of 36 fit or are cut");
+      System.out.println("1024 characters, 1000 pt to 1 pt at 600 dpi, 36 fits: at most " + most + " characters visited in a fit and " + nanoseconds / 36_000 + " microseconds a fit; the search of every size visited at least "
+         + least + " and took " + linearNanoseconds / 36_000 + " microseconds a fit");
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** When one line at the floor is higher than the box, no text fits at any
+    ** size, and that is known without searching: the text is laid out once at
+    ** its size and once at the floor, for the numbers a refusal reports, and
+    ** nothing is tried for a cut. The answer is still that of the search of
+    ** every size.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void aBoxLowerThanOneLineAtTheFloorIsRefusedWithoutASearch()
+   {
+      String text = "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog 0123456789 ".repeat(19).substring(0, 1024);
+      Face.Glyph[] glyphs = Face.MONO.glyphs(text);
+      for(boolean truncate : List.of(false, true))
+      {
+         for(int maxLines : List.of(1, 64))
+         {
+            ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+            // 1 pt at 600 dpi is 8.3 dots to the em: a line reserves 9 dots above its baseline //
+            // and 3 below, and the box is 11 high                                               //
+            ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+            TextFit.Request request = new TextFit.Request(Face.MONO, 5000, 11, 600, 1_000_000, 1000, null, maxLines, truncate);
+            TextFit.Work work = new TextFit.Work(Long.MAX_VALUE);
+            TextFit.Block block = TextFit.fit(request, glyphs, Face.MONO.glyph(TextFit.MARK), work);
+            assertFalse(block.fits() || block.truncated());
+            assertEquals(List.of(1000, 1024, 1024), List.of(block.milliPoints(), block.characters(), block.shown()));
+            assertTrue(block.height() > 11 && block.width() <= 5000, "measured at the floor: " + block);
+            assertEquals(linear(request, glyphs, Face.MONO.glyph(TextFit.MARK), new TextFit.Work(Long.MAX_VALUE)), block);
+            assertTrue(work.spent() <= 12L * 1024, "two layouts at each of two sizes, each at most three times the text, and no more: " + work.spent());
+         }
+      }
+      assertTrue(fit(new TextFit.Request(Face.MONO, 5000, 12, 600, 1_000_000, 1000, null, 1, true), text).truncated(), "one dot higher holds a line, and so a cut");
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** Fitting counts the characters it visits against the allowance it is
+    ** given and ends, by name and with nothing of the text, when the allowance
+    ** is passed: at once when it is already passed, however little is asked.
+    ** The count is the same every time.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void fittingEndsWhenItsAllowanceIsPassed()
+   {
+      String text = "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog";
+      Face.Glyph[] glyphs = Face.SANS.glyphs(text);
+      TextFit.Request request = new TextFit.Request(Face.SANS, 300, 60, 203, 40_000, 5000, null, 2, true);
+      TextFit.Work measure = new TextFit.Work(Long.MAX_VALUE);
+      TextFit.Block block = TextFit.fit(request, glyphs, Face.SANS.glyph(TextFit.MARK), measure);
+      assertTrue(block.fits() && block.milliPoints() < 40_000 && measure.spent() > 500 && measure.spent() < 2000, measure.spent() + " characters visited for " + block);
+
+      TextFit.Work exact = new TextFit.Work(measure.spent());
+      assertEquals(block, TextFit.fit(request, glyphs, Face.SANS.glyph(TextFit.MARK), exact));
+      assertEquals(measure.spent(), exact.spent());
+
+      for(long allowance : List.of(0L, 1L, 43L, 200L, measure.spent() - 1))
+      {
+         TextFit.Work work = new TextFit.Work(allowance);
+         TextFit.Exhausted exhausted = assertThrows(TextFit.Exhausted.class, () -> TextFit.fit(request, glyphs, Face.SANS.glyph(TextFit.MARK), work));
+         assertEquals("TEXT_WORK_EXHAUSTED", exhausted.getMessage());
+         assertEquals(0, exhausted.getStackTrace().length);
+         assertTrue(work.spent() > allowance && work.spent() <= allowance + 2L * text.length() + 1, "passed by no more than one line: " + work.spent() + " of " + allowance);
+         long passed = work.spent();
+         assertThrows(TextFit.Exhausted.class, () -> TextFit.fit(request, Face.SANS.glyphs("A"), null, work));
+         assertThrows(TextFit.Exhausted.class, () -> work.spend(0));
+         assertTrue(work.spent() >= passed);
+      }
+
+      ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+      // a cut is counted too: every try of the last line with the mark                         //
+      ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+      TextFit.Request narrow = new TextFit.Request(Face.SANS, 120, 40, 203, 9000, 9000, null, 1, true);
+      TextFit.Work cutting = new TextFit.Work(Long.MAX_VALUE);
+      TextFit.Work whole = new TextFit.Work(Long.MAX_VALUE);
+      assertTrue(TextFit.fit(narrow, glyphs, Face.SANS.glyph(TextFit.MARK), cutting).truncated());
+      assertFalse(TextFit.fit(lines(narrow, 1, false), glyphs, null, whole).fits());
+      assertTrue(cutting.spent() > whole.spent(), cutting.spent() + " with a cut, " + whole.spent() + " without");
+      assertThrows(TextFit.Exhausted.class, () -> TextFit.fit(narrow, glyphs, Face.SANS.glyph(TextFit.MARK), new TextFit.Work(whole.spent())));
+   }
+}

renderer/src/test/java/com/kingsrook/qbits/renderer/scene2/text/TextRasterTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,482 @@
+/*
+ * QQQ - Low-code Application Framework for Engineers.
+ * Copyright (C) 2021-2025.  Kingsrook, LLC
+ * 651 N Broad St Ste 205 # 6917 | Middletown DE 19709 | United States
+ * contact@kingsrook.com
+ * https://github.com/Kingsrook/
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.kingsrook.qbits.renderer.scene2.text;
+
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Random;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.renderer.scene2.Canvas;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.renderer.scene2.Frame;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.renderer.scene2.Layout;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.renderer.scene2.Placement;
+import com.kingsrook.qbits.renderer.scene2.Scene2;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
+
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ ** What is drawn is what was measured: the ink of every line is inside the
+ ** line's measured box, the block is where `align` and `valign` put it, and
+ ** nothing is clipped. These read the canvas the renderer composes. Every
+ ** text drawn here is also held to have nothing stray from its measure.
+ *******************************************************************************/
+class TextRasterTest
+{
+   private static final int MARGIN = 8;
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** Fit a text and draw it in a box that sits `MARGIN` dots inside a canvas,
+    ** so that ink outside the box would be seen. The box is given as the text
+    ** reads; turned a quarter, it is laid on its side.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   private static Canvas draw(TextFit.Request request, String text, Placement.Align align, Placement.Valign valign, int rotation, int threshold, int bandDots)
+   {
+      TextFit.Block block = TextFit.fit(request, request.face().glyphs(text), request.face().glyph(TextFit.MARK));
+      assertTrue(block.fits(), "the case must fit: " + request);
+      boolean upright = rotation % 180 == 0;
+      Frame frame = new Frame(MARGIN, MARGIN, upright ? request.width() : request.height(), upright ? request.height() : request.width());
+      Canvas canvas = new Canvas(frame.width() + 2 * MARGIN, frame.height() + 2 * MARGIN, request.dpi());
+      TextRaster.Drawing drawing = new TextRaster.Drawing(request.face(), text, block, align, valign, rotation, threshold, true);
+      assertEquals(new TextRaster.Stray(0, 0), TextRaster.paint(canvas, frame, drawing, bandDots), "nothing strays from the measure: " + request);
+      assertEquals(0, TextRaster.outside(drawing, request.dpi()));
+      return (canvas);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** The box of the ink on a canvas: left, top, right and bottom (the last two
+    ** exclusive), or null when it is blank.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   private static Frame ink(Canvas canvas)
+   {
+      int left = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
+      int top = -1;
+      int right = -1;
+      int bottom = -1;
+      for(int y = 0; y < canvas.height(); y++)
+      {
+         int first = canvas.firstInk(y);
+         if(first >= 0)
+         {
+            top = top < 0 ? y : top;
+            bottom = y + 1;
+            left = Math.min(left, first);
+            right = Math.max(right, canvas.lastInk(y) + 1);
+         }
+      }
+      return (top < 0 ? null : new Frame(left, top, right - left, bottom - top));
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** How many dots of a canvas hold ink.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   private static int dots(Canvas canvas)
+   {
+      int dots = 0;
+      for(int y = 0; y < canvas.height(); y++)
+      {
+         for(int x = 0; x < canvas.width(); x++)
+         {
+            dots += canvas.get(x, y) ? 1 : 0;
+         }
+      }
+      return (dots);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** Whether two canvases hold the same picture.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   private static void assertSamePicture(Canvas expected, Canvas actual, String about)
+   {
+      assertEquals(expected.width(), actual.width(), about);
+      assertEquals(expected.height(), actual.height(), about);
+      for(int y = 0; y < expected.height(); y++)
+      {
+         for(int x = 0; x < expected.width(); x++)
+         {
+            if(expected.get(x, y) != actual.get(x, y))
+            {
+               assertEquals(expected.get(x, y), actual.get(x, y), about + ": dot " + x + ", " + y);
+            }
+         }
+      }
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** Every character of every bundled face, at sizes and resolutions labels
+    ** use, is drawn with all of its ink inside the box that was measured for
+    ** its line. The renderer itself fails a render whose ink leaves that box
+    ** (the guard round each line), so drawing them all is the test; the ink is
+    ** then also read back from the canvas and held to the line's box.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void everyCharacterOfEveryFaceIsDrawnInsideItsMeasuredLine()
+   {
+      int[][] sizes = {{203, 6000}, {203, 9000}, {203, 14_250}, {300, 7000}, {300, 11_000}, {600, 5000}, {600, 12_250}};
+      for(Face face : Face.all())
+      {
+         List<Integer> drawn = FaceTest.drawn(face);
+         for(int[] size : sizes)
+         {
+            TextFit.Scale scale = new TextFit.Scale(size[1], size[0]);
+            int inked = 0;
+            for(int start = 0; start < drawn.size(); start += 16)
+            {
+               StringBuilder text = new StringBuilder();
+               drawn.subList(start, Math.min(drawn.size(), start + 16)).forEach(text::appendCodePoint);
+               TextFit.Request request = new TextFit.Request(face, scale.ceil(1500) * 16 + 16, scale.ceil(2000), size[0], size[1], size[1], null, 1, false);
+               Canvas canvas = draw(request, text.toString(), Placement.Align.LEFT, Placement.Valign.TOP, 0, 128, TextRaster.BAND_DOTS);
+               TextFit.Block block = TextFit.fit(request, face.glyphs(text.toString()), null);
+               Frame ink = ink(canvas);
+               if(ink != null)
+               {
+                  inked++;
+                  TextFit.Line line = block.lines().get(0);
+                  Frame measured = new Frame(MARGIN, MARGIN + block.baseline() - line.above(), line.width(), line.above() + line.below());
+                  assertTrue(measured.contains(ink), () -> face.scene() + " at " + size[1] + " millipoints, " + size[0] + " dpi: ink " + ink + " outside the measured " + measured);
+                  assertTrue(new Frame(MARGIN, MARGIN, block.width(), block.height()).contains(measured));
+               }
+            }
+            assertTrue(inked >= drawn.size() / 16 - 4, face.scene() + " drew " + inked + " lines");
+         }
+      }
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** Property: for generated texts, faces, boxes, sizes and resolutions, at
+    ** every rotation, no ink is outside the element's box and none is clipped,
+    ** and the upright picture turned is the turned picture. Up to 100 dots to
+    ** the em, where glyphs are drawn as bitmaps, the picture is also exactly
+    ** the same drawn a row at a time, so bands lose and repeat nothing.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void inkIsNeverOutsideTheBoxAndNeverClipped()
+   {
+      Random random = new Random(TextFitTest.SEEDS[0]);
+      List<Placement.Align> aligns = List.of(Placement.Align.values());
+      List<Placement.Valign> valigns = List.of(Placement.Valign.values());
+      int drawn = 0;
+      int banded = 0;
+      for(int index = 0; drawn < 160; index++)
+      {
+         TextFitTest.Case generated = TextFitTest.generate(random);
+         if(!generated.fit().fits() || generated.text().isBlank())
+         {
+            continue;
+         }
+         drawn++;
+         TextFit.Request request = generated.request();
+         Placement.Align align = aligns.get(random.nextInt(3));
+         Placement.Valign valign = valigns.get(random.nextInt(3));
+         int threshold = 1 + random.nextInt(254);
+         String about = "case " + index + ": " + request;
+         Canvas upright = draw(request, generated.text(), align, valign, 0, threshold, TextRaster.BAND_DOTS);
+         Frame ink = ink(upright);
+         Frame box = new Frame(MARGIN, MARGIN, request.width(), request.height());
+         assertTrue(ink == null || box.contains(ink), about + ": ink " + ink + " outside " + box);
+         if(new TextFit.Scale(generated.fit().milliPoints(), request.dpi()).size() <= 100)
+         {
+            banded++;
+            assertSamePicture(upright, draw(request, generated.text(), align, valign, 0, threshold, 1), about + ", row by row");
+         }
+         for(int rotation : List.of(90, 180, 270))
+         {
+            Canvas turned = draw(request, generated.text(), align, valign, rotation, threshold, TextRaster.BAND_DOTS);
+            Canvas expected = new Canvas(turned.width(), turned.height(), request.dpi());
+            for(int y = 0; y < request.height(); y++)
+            {
+               for(int x = 0; x < request.width(); x++)
+               {
+                  if(upright.get(MARGIN + x, MARGIN + y))
+                  {
+                     int turnedX = rotation == 90 ? request.height() - 1 - y : rotation == 180 ? request.width() - 1 - x : y;
+                     int turnedY = rotation == 90 ? x : rotation == 180 ? request.height() - 1 - y : request.width() - 1 - x;
+                     expected.set(MARGIN + turnedX, MARGIN + turnedY, true);
+                  }
+               }
+            }
+            assertSamePicture(expected, turned, about + ", turned " + rotation);
+         }
+      }
+      assertTrue(banded > 60, "drawn row by row: " + banded);
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** The block sits in the box where `align` and `valign` say, a centred block
+    ** within one dot of the middle, and each line sits in the block the same
+    ** way. Read from the ink of a two-line text.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void theBlockIsPlacedByAlignAndValignAndCentredWithinOneDot()
+   {
+      String text = "HHHHHHHH HH";
+      TextFit.Request request = new TextFit.Request(Face.SANS_BOLD, 241, 151, 203, 12_000, 12_000, null, 2, false);
+      TextFit.Block block = TextFit.fit(request, Face.SANS_BOLD.glyphs(text), null);
+      assertEquals(List.of("HHHHHHHH", "HH"), TextFitTest.shown(block, text));
+      TextFit.Line wide = block.lines().get(0);
+      TextFit.Line narrow = block.lines().get(1);
+      for(Placement.Align align : Placement.Align.values())
+      {
+         for(Placement.Valign valign : Placement.Valign.values())
+         {
+            Canvas canvas = draw(request, text, align, valign, 0, 128, TextRaster.BAND_DOTS);
+            Frame content = Layout.align(new Frame(MARGIN, MARGIN, 241, 151), block.width(), block.height(), align, valign);
+            Frame ink = ink(canvas);
+            assertTrue(content.contains(ink), align + " " + valign + ": ink " + ink + " outside the block " + content);
+            int slackLeft = content.x() - MARGIN;
+            int slackRight = MARGIN + 241 - content.right();
+            int slackTop = content.y() - MARGIN;
+            int slackBottom = MARGIN + 151 - content.bottom();
+            switch(align)
+            {
+               case LEFT -> assertEquals(0, slackLeft);
+               case CENTER -> assertTrue(slackLeft >= 0 && Math.abs(slackLeft - slackRight) <= 1);
+               default -> assertEquals(0, slackRight);
+            }
+            switch(valign)
+            {
+               case TOP -> assertEquals(0, slackTop);
+               case MIDDLE -> assertTrue(slackTop >= 0 && Math.abs(slackTop - slackBottom) <= 1);
+               default -> assertEquals(0, slackBottom);
+            }
+
+            //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+            // the ink of each line, read from the rows of its own baseline, is in the line's  //
+            // box, and that box is against the same side of the block (or in its middle)      //
+            //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+            int capitals = new TextFit.Scale(12_000, 203).floor(Face.SANS_BOLD.capHeight());
+            int first = content.y() + block.baseline() - capitals / 2;
+            int second = first + block.pitch();
+            int narrowLeft = content.x() + align.position().place(block.width(), narrow.width(), 0);
+            assertTrue(canvas.firstInk(first) >= content.x() && canvas.lastInk(first) < content.x() + wide.width(), "the widest line fills the block");
+            assertTrue(canvas.firstInk(second) >= narrowLeft && canvas.lastInk(second) < narrowLeft + narrow.width(), align + ": the short line " + canvas.firstInk(second) + " to " + canvas.lastInk(second));
+            int gapLeft = canvas.firstInk(second) - canvas.firstInk(first);
+            int gapRight = canvas.lastInk(first) - canvas.lastInk(second);
+            switch(align)
+            {
+               case LEFT -> assertTrue(Math.abs(gapLeft) <= 1 && gapRight > 50);
+               case CENTER -> assertTrue(Math.abs(gapLeft - gapRight) <= 2 && gapLeft > 25);
+               default -> assertTrue(Math.abs(gapRight) <= 1 && gapLeft > 50);
+            }
+         }
+      }
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** A dot is ink when its grey is darker than the threshold, so a higher
+    ** threshold prints every dot a lower one prints and more: heavier strokes,
+    ** which is the control for small type on a thermal head.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void aHigherThresholdPrintsHeavier()
+   {
+      TextFit.Request request = new TextFit.Request(Face.SANS, 500, 60, 203, 14_000, 14_000, null, 1, false);
+      List<Canvas> pictures = new ArrayList<>();
+      for(int threshold : List.of(1, 60, 128, 200, 254))
+      {
+         pictures.add(draw(request, "Lot L240611A 0O1lI", Placement.Align.LEFT, Placement.Valign.TOP, 0, threshold, TextRaster.BAND_DOTS));
+      }
+      for(int index = 1; index < pictures.size(); index++)
+      {
+         Canvas lighter = pictures.get(index - 1);
+         Canvas heavier = pictures.get(index);
+         assertTrue(dots(heavier) > dots(lighter), "threshold step " + index + ": " + dots(lighter) + " then " + dots(heavier));
+         for(int y = 0; y < lighter.height(); y++)
+         {
+            for(int x = 0; x < lighter.width(); x++)
+            {
+               assertFalse(lighter.get(x, y) && !heavier.get(x, y), "a dot printed at the lower threshold is printed at the higher");
+            }
+         }
+      }
+      assertTrue(dots(pictures.get(0)) > 100, "full ink is black at every threshold");
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** The ends of what the renderer accepts. At 1 pt and 2 pt, where a letter
+    ** is a few dots, every character of every face is drawn inside its
+    ** measured line. At 300 pt and 1000 pt, where a letter is drawn from its
+    ** outline in bands, the characters of each face that reach furthest are:
+    ** its widest, and those that reach furthest left, right, up and down.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void theSmallestAndTheLargestTypeAreDrawnInsideTheirMeasuredLine()
+   {
+      for(Face face : Face.all())
+      {
+         List<Integer> drawn = FaceTest.drawn(face);
+         for(int[] size : new int[][] {{203, 1000}, {300, 1000}, {600, 1000}, {203, 2000}, {600, 2000}})
+         {
+            TextFit.Scale scale = new TextFit.Scale(size[1], size[0]);
+            for(int start = 0; start < drawn.size(); start += 16)
+            {
+               StringBuilder text = new StringBuilder();
+               drawn.subList(start, Math.min(drawn.size(), start + 16)).forEach(text::appendCodePoint);
+               TextFit.Request request = new TextFit.Request(face, scale.ceil(1500) * 16 + 16 * 2 * TextFit.SLOP, scale.ceil(2000) + 2 * TextFit.SLOP, size[0], size[1], size[1], null, 1, false);
+               Canvas canvas = draw(request, text.toString(), Placement.Align.LEFT, Placement.Valign.TOP, 0, 128, TextRaster.BAND_DOTS);
+               TextFit.Line line = TextFit.fit(request, face.glyphs(text.toString()), null).lines().get(0);
+               Frame ink = ink(canvas);
+               assertTrue(ink == null || new Frame(MARGIN, MARGIN, line.width(), request.height()).contains(ink), () -> face.scene() + " at " + size[1] + " millipoints, " + size[0] + " dpi: ink " + ink);
+            }
+         }
+
+         Face.Glyph worst = face.worst();
+         StringBuilder extremes = new StringBuilder().appendCodePoint(face.widest());
+         for(int codePoint : drawn)
+         {
+            Face.Glyph glyph = face.glyph(codePoint);
+            if(glyph.ink() && extremes.length() < 5 && (glyph.left() == worst.left() || glyph.right() - glyph.advance() == worst.right() - worst.advance() || glyph.top() == worst.top() || glyph.bottom() == worst.bottom()))
+            {
+               extremes.appendCodePoint(codePoint);
+            }
+         }
+         assertTrue(extremes.length() >= 3, face.scene() + " has " + extremes.length() + " furthest-reaching characters");
+         for(int milliPoints : List.of(300_000, 1_000_000))
+         {
+            TextFit.Scale scale = new TextFit.Scale(milliPoints, 203);
+            for(int index = 0; index < (milliPoints == 300_000 ? extremes.length() : 2); index++)
+            {
+               String text = extremes.substring(index, index + 1);
+               TextFit.Request request = new TextFit.Request(face, scale.ceil(2000), scale.ceil(2000), 203, milliPoints, milliPoints, null, 1, false);
+               Canvas canvas = draw(request, text, Placement.Align.CENTER, Placement.Valign.MIDDLE, 0, 128, TextRaster.BAND_DOTS);
+               Frame ink = ink(canvas);
+               assertTrue(ink.width() > scale.floor(100) && ink.height() > scale.floor(100), () -> face.scene() + " U+" + Integer.toHexString(text.codePointAt(0)) + " at " + milliPoints + " millipoints: ink " + ink);
+            }
+         }
+      }
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** Ink outside the measured line is never clipped away and never printed,
+    ** and a text is never printed in part: what strayed is counted and the
+    ** label is left as it was, reverse text included, whose box is not filled.
+    ** Forced here with lines whose boxes are stated too small: one that ends in
+    ** the gap between two letters, so the second letter is wholly beyond the
+    ** guard and only its bounds tell, and two that cut through the letters,
+    ** whose ink is found in the guard. The bounds alone, which is what a
+    ** validation asks, count the same glyphs. Ink that would fall outside the
+    ** element's box is counted too, and none of that text is printed.
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void inkOutsideTheMeasuredLineIsCountedAndNothingIsPainted()
+   {
+      TextFit.Request request = new TextFit.Request(Face.SANS_BOLD, 200, 60, 203, 12_000, 12_000, null, 1, false);
+      TextFit.Block honest = TextFit.fit(request, Face.SANS_BOLD.glyphs("HH"), null);
+      TextFit.Line line = honest.lines().get(0);
+      Canvas canvas = new Canvas(220, 80, 203);
+      Frame frame = new Frame(10, 10, 200, 60);
+      List<TextFit.Line> wrong = List.of(new TextFit.Line(0, 2, false, line.left(), line.right() / 2, line.above(), line.below()), new TextFit.Line(0, 2, false, line.left(), line.right(), line.above() / 3, line.below()),
+         new TextFit.Line(0, 2, false, line.left(), line.right(), line.above(), -line.above() / 2));
+      List<TextRaster.Stray> strays = new ArrayList<>();
+      for(TextFit.Line each : wrong)
+      {
+         TextFit.Block forged = new TextFit.Block(honest.milliPoints(), List.of(each), each.width(), honest.height(), honest.baseline(), honest.pitch(), 2, 2, true);
+         for(boolean reverse : List.of(false, true))
+         {
+            TextRaster.Drawing drawing = new TextRaster.Drawing(Face.SANS_BOLD, "HH", forged, Placement.Align.LEFT, Placement.Valign.TOP, 0, 128, !reverse);
+            TextRaster.Stray stray = TextRaster.paint(canvas, frame, drawing, TextRaster.BAND_DOTS);
+            assertTrue(stray.any() && stray.glyphs() > 0, "strayed: " + stray);
+            assertEquals(stray.glyphs(), TextRaster.outside(drawing, 203));
+            assertEquals(stray, TextRaster.paint(canvas, frame, drawing, 1 << 10), "the same count drawn in bands");
+            assertEquals(null, ink(canvas), "nothing of a text that strayed is on the label");
+            strays.add(stray);
+         }
+      }
+      assertEquals(List.of(new TextRaster.Stray(1, 0), new TextRaster.Stray(1, 0)), strays.subList(0, 2), "the second letter is wholly beyond the guard: only its bounds tell");
+      assertTrue(strays.get(2).glyphs() == 2 && strays.get(2).dots() > 20 && strays.get(4).glyphs() == 2 && strays.get(4).dots() > 20, "ink in the guard: " + strays);
+      assertFalse(new TextRaster.Stray(0, 0).any());
+      assertTrue(new TextRaster.Stray(0, 1).any() && new TextRaster.Stray(1, 0).any());
+
+      ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+      // a block measured honestly but handed a box too small for it: its ink would fall       //
+      // outside the element, to the right and below                                            //
+      ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+      TextRaster.Drawing whole = new TextRaster.Drawing(Face.SANS_BOLD, "HH", honest, Placement.Align.LEFT, Placement.Valign.TOP, 0, 128, true);
+      for(Frame small : List.of(new Frame(10, 10, 20, 60), new Frame(10, 10, 200, 12)))
+      {
+         TextRaster.Stray stray = TextRaster.paint(canvas, small, whole, TextRaster.BAND_DOTS);
+         assertTrue(stray.glyphs() == 0 && stray.dots() > 20, "outside the element: " + stray);
+         assertEquals(null, ink(canvas));
+      }
+
+      Canvas clean = new Canvas(220, 80, 203);
+      assertEquals(new TextRaster.Stray(0, 0), TextRaster.paint(clean, frame, whole, TextRaster.BAND_DOTS));
+      assertEquals(0, TextRaster.outside(whole, 203));
+      assertTrue(new Frame(10, 10, honest.width(), honest.height()).contains(ink(clean)));
+   }
+
+
+
+   /***************************************************************************
+    ** Very large type is drawn in bands of whole rows, so a line never needs
+    ** more grey than the band allows. 200 pt at 600 dpi is 1667 dots to the em.
+    ** The bands lose no row and repeat none: the picture is the one drawn in
+    ** one piece, but for a few edge dots where the rasteriser, given a band,
+    ** shades a curve differently: fewer than one ink dot in ten thousand (4 of
+    ** 121 thousand, 5 of 265 thousand and 40 of 1.06 million were seen).
+    ***************************************************************************/
+   @Test
+   void veryLargeTypeIsDrawnInBands()
+   {
+      for(int dpi : Scene2.RESOLUTIONS)
+      {
+         TextFit.Request request = new TextFit.Request(Face.CONDENSED_BOLD, 2400 * dpi / 600, 2400 * dpi / 600, dpi, 200_000, 200_000, null, 1, false);
+         Canvas whole = draw(request, "7g", Placement.Align.CENTER, Placement.Valign.MIDDLE, 0, 128, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
+         assertSamePicture(whole, draw(request, "7g", Placement.Align.CENTER, Placement.Valign.MIDDLE, 0, 128, TextRaster.BAND_DOTS), "200 pt at " + dpi + " dpi fits one band");
+         Canvas banded = draw(request, "7g", Placement.Align.CENTER, Placement.Valign.MIDDLE, 0, 128, 1 << 16);
+         int different = 0;
+         for(int y = 0; y < whole.height(); y++)
+         {
+            for(int x = 0; x < whole.width(); x++)
+            {
+               different += whole.get(x, y) == banded.get(x, y) ? 0 : 1;
+            }
+         }
+         assertTrue(different * 10_000L <= dots(whole), "200 pt at " + dpi + " dpi: " + different + " dots differ of " + dots(whole));
+         System.out.println("200 pt at " + dpi + " dpi in bands: " + different + " of " + dots(whole) + " ink dots differ from the picture drawn in one piece");
+         assertEquals(ink(whole), ink(banded));
+         int capitals = new TextFit.Scale(200_000, dpi).floor(Face.CONDENSED_BOLD.capHeight());
+         assertTrue(ink(banded).height() > capitals && ink(banded).height() < 2 * capitals && ink(banded).width() > capitals, "the digits are the size asked: " + ink(banded));
+      }
+   }
+}

renderer/src/test/resources/scene2/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+# Golden labels of version 2 scenes
+
+Each case in `cases` has, in `golden`, at 203, 300 and 600 dpi, the exact ZPL the renderer emits
+(`<case>-<dpi>.zpl`) and the page a printer draws from it (`<case>-<dpi>.png`). `SceneGoldenTest` compares both
+exactly, on every machine, and holds `golden` to exactly those files, which is why this note is beside it.
+
+## What the pictures depend on
+
+A box is whole dots of ink and depends on the scene alone. Text is measured by integer arithmetic on the bundled
+faces, which is the same everywhere, but its glyph bitmaps are drawn by the Java runtime: the Java 2D rasteriser
+and the FreeType library that the JDK itself ships (`lib/libfreetype.so` on Linux, `bin/freetype.dll` on
+Windows). The system's FreeType is not used: in the images below `libfontmanager.so` loads the JDK's own copy.
+The version of that copy is the one the JDK states in `legal/java.desktop/freetype.md`.
+
+The text goldens (`text-*`) were generated and compared on these runtimes, all x86-64:
+
+| Where | JDK | FreeType in the JDK | The goldens there |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| CI image `maven:3.9.11-eclipse-temurin-21` (Ubuntu 24.04) | Temurin 21.0.9+10 | 2.13.3 | generated here; compared exactly by the build |
+| Windows 11 | Temurin 21.0.12.1+1 | 2.14.3 | the same bytes; compared exactly by the build |
+| The worker image's runtime (`renderer/Dockerfile` requires `jdk-21.0.13+9` on Ubuntu 24.04), as `eclipse-temurin:21-jre-noble` | Temurin 21.0.13+9 | 2.14.3 | the same bytes; the 21 labels were rendered there and compared by hand, not by a build |
+
+So the same bytes came from two FreeType versions and three JDK builds. That is an observation about these
+versions, not a promise about the next: a golden that changes with a runtime is a reviewed change.
+
+## Changing a golden
+
+A golden changes only with a reviewed change to the layout rules or to the runtime. Run `SceneGoldenTest` in the
+CI image; what the build drew is left in `renderer/target/scene2-actual`. Copy the files to `golden`, then run the
+test on Windows as well: it must pass there on the same bytes. Say in the change which goldens changed and why, and
+update the table above when a runtime changes.

renderer/src/test/resources/scene2/cases/text-faces.json

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+{
+  "stock": {"widthMicrons": 50800, "heightMicrons": 25400, "topMicrons": 2000, "rightMicrons": 2000, "bottomMicrons": 2000, "leftMicrons": 2000, "dpi": 203},
+  "scene": {
+    "schema": "qqq-zpl-scene/2",
+    "design": {"width": "2in", "height": "1in"},
+    "defaults": {"size": "8pt"},
+    "elements": [
+      {"id": "sans", "type": "text", "value": "Sans 0O 1lI 5S 8B Åéj", "font": "qqq-sans", "y": "0mm", "height": "4.2mm"},
+      {"id": "sans-bold", "type": "text", "value": "Bold 0O 1lI 5S 8B Åéj", "font": "qqq-sans-bold", "y": "4.2mm", "height": "4.2mm"},
+      {"id": "condensed-bold", "type": "text", "value": "Condensed 0O 1lI 5S 8B Åéj", "font": "qqq-condensed-bold", "y": "8.4mm", "height": "4.2mm"},
+      {"id": "mono", "type": "text", "value": "Mono 0O 1lI 5S 8B Åéj", "font": "qqq-mono", "y": "12.6mm", "height": "4.2mm"},
+      {"id": "mono-bold", "type": "text", "value": "Bold 0O 1lI 5S 8B Åéj", "font": "qqq-mono-bold", "y": "16.8mm", "height": "4.2mm"}
+    ]
+  }
+}

renderer/src/test/resources/scene2/cases/text-fit.json

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+{
+  "stock": {"widthMicrons": 50800, "heightMicrons": 25400, "topMicrons": 2000, "rightMicrons": 2000, "bottomMicrons": 2000, "leftMicrons": 2000, "dpi": 203},
+  "scene": {
+    "schema": "qqq-zpl-scene/2",
+    "design": {"width": "2in", "height": "1in"},
+    "defaults": {"font": "qqq-sans-bold", "size": "10pt"},
+    "elements": [
+      {"id": "kept-box", "type": "box", "width": "22mm", "height": "5mm", "thickness": "0.1mm"},
+      {"id": "kept", "type": "text", "value": "LOT 240611", "width": "22mm", "height": "5mm", "align": "center", "valign": "middle"},
+      {"id": "right-box", "type": "box", "anchor": "top-right", "width": "22mm", "height": "5mm", "thickness": "0.1mm"},
+      {"id": "right", "type": "text", "value": "9.5 kg", "font": "qqq-condensed-bold", "size": "11pt", "anchor": "top-right", "width": "22mm", "height": "5mm", "align": "right", "valign": "bottom"},
+      {"id": "shrunk-box", "type": "box", "y": "5.5mm", "width": "44mm", "height": "4mm", "thickness": "0.1mm"},
+      {"id": "shrunk", "type": "text", "value": "(01)00012345678905(10)L240611A", "font": "qqq-mono-bold", "size": "9pt", "y": "5.5mm", "width": "44mm", "height": "4mm", "valign": "middle"},
+      {"id": "wrapped-box", "type": "box", "y": "10mm", "width": "36mm", "height": "7.5mm", "thickness": "0.1mm"},
+      {"id": "wrapped", "type": "text", "value": "(01)00012345678905(10)L240611A-RETURNED-000123", "font": "qqq-mono", "size": "7pt", "y": "10mm", "width": "36mm", "height": "7.5mm", "align": "center", "valign": "middle",
+        "maxLength": 46, "fit": {"maxLines": 2}},
+      {"id": "cut-box", "type": "box", "anchor": "bottom-left", "width": "30mm", "height": "3.6mm", "thickness": "0.1mm"},
+      {"id": "cut", "type": "text", "value": "A description of the item that is too long", "font": "qqq-sans", "size": "7pt", "anchor": "bottom-left", "width": "30mm", "height": "3.6mm", "fit": {"overflow": "truncate", "shrinkTo": "7pt"}}
+    ]
+  }
+}

renderer/src/test/resources/scene2/cases/text-turned.json

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+{
+  "stock": {"widthMicrons": 50800, "heightMicrons": 25400, "topMicrons": 2000, "rightMicrons": 2000, "bottomMicrons": 2000, "leftMicrons": 2000, "dpi": 203},
+  "scene": {
+    "schema": "qqq-zpl-scene/2",
+    "design": {"width": "2in", "height": "1in"},
+    "defaults": {"font": "qqq-sans-bold", "size": "10pt"},
+    "elements": [
+      {"id": "up", "type": "text", "value": "TEST-0001", "font": "qqq-mono-bold", "rotation": 90, "width": "5mm", "align": "center"},
+      {"id": "down", "type": "text", "value": "TEST-0001", "font": "qqq-mono-bold", "rotation": 270, "anchor": "top-right", "width": "5mm", "align": "center"},
+      {"id": "flip", "type": "text", "value": "THIS WAY UP", "rotation": 180, "x": "7mm", "width": "30mm", "height": "5mm", "align": "center"},
+      {"id": "panel", "type": "text", "value": "ZONE 7", "font": "qqq-condensed-bold", "size": "16pt", "reverse": true, "x": "7mm", "y": "6mm", "width": "30mm", "height": "8mm", "align": "center", "valign": "middle"},
+      {"id": "fine", "type": "text", "value": "Best before 2027-06-11", "font": "qqq-sans", "size": "6.5pt", "x": "7mm", "y": "15mm", "width": "32mm", "height": "5mm", "valign": "bottom"}
+    ],
+    "overrides": [
+      {"when": {"dpi": [203]}, "set": {"fine": {"font": "qqq-sans-bold", "threshold": 150}}}
+    ]
+  }
+}

renderer/src/test/resources/scene2/golden/text-faces-203.zpl

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renderer/src/test/resources/scene2/golden/text-faces-300.zpl

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